Pseudomonas plecoglossicida NyZ12基因无痕敲除方法的建立

旨在建立一种适合环己胺降解菌NyZ12基因无痕敲除的可靠方法。通过overlapping PCR技术将目的基因上下游同源臂融合并克隆到自杀载体pEX18km上,将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌S17pir中,再通过接合转移到假单胞菌NyZ12菌株内,经pEX18km质粒上sacB基因的反向筛选得到突变株并通过PCR方法和测序鉴定。结果显示,成功构建了假单胞菌NyZ12菌株orf4637的基因突变株(NyZ12Δ4637)。通过自杀载体同源重组可以成功获得敲除的无痕突变株,且突变株基因组上没有任何抗性筛选标记残留,为环己胺降解菌NyZ12基因功能研究提供了可靠的基因敲除技术。     

副溶血性弧菌基因敲除方法的建立及应用

目的摸索出一套副溶血性弧菌基因敲除的可靠方案,副溶血性弧菌致病相关基因的敲除对深入研究其致病机制有重要意义。方法通过融合PCR技术将目的基因上下游同源臂融合并克隆到自杀载体pDS132上,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌S17λpir中,再接合转移到副溶血性弧菌菌株内,经pDS132质粒上sacB基因的反向筛选得到突变株。结果成功构建了副溶血性弧菌RIMD2210633菌株ΔopaR,ΔtoxR和ΔaphA三个基因突变株。结论通过自杀载体同源重组成功获得精确敲除的无痕突变株更有利于基因功能的研究,使后续副溶血性弧菌突变株与野生株的对比研究成为可能。     

λRed重组系统用于沙门菌质粒毒力基因spvC敲除株的构建

[目的]利用λRed重组系统敲除沙门菌质粒毒力基因spvC。[方法]首先以质粒p KD4为模板,扩增得到两侧含spvC同源臂、中间为卡那霉素抗性基因的线性DNA片段。再将此线性片段电转入具重组功能的感受态沙门菌菌株,发生重组后,卡那霉素平板筛选阳性转化子。最后利用表达FLP重组酶的质粒p CP20,将FRT位点之间的卡那霉素抗性基因消除,用PCR鉴定。Western Blot检测野生沙门菌和spvC敲除株感染的He La细胞ERK磷酸化水平。[结果]沙门菌质粒毒力基因spvC敲除株构建成功,spvC敲除株感染的He La细胞内ERK磷酸化水平升高。[结论]成功构建沙门菌质粒毒力基因spvC敲除株,验证了spvC基因的功能。     

促DNA修复多效蛋白诱导因子pprI逆转录病毒载体系统的构建及其鉴定

目的:为实现耐辐射球菌pprI基因在哺乳动物细胞中的稳定遗传与表达,构建重组逆转录病毒载体质粒pLXIN-pprI。方法:将目的基因pprI亚克隆经过双酶切后定向连接到pLXIN质粒上,构建逆转录病毒重组质粒pLXIN-pprI。将pLXIN-pprI转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞DH5α,氨苄青霉素筛选后抽提获得重组质粒pLXIN-pprI,双酶切及DNA测序鉴定。结果:酶切鉴定及测序结果显示结果与预期相符,pprI基因成功插入pLXIN逆转录病毒载体中。结论:重组逆转录病毒载体质粒pLXIN-pprI构建成功,为实现耐辐射球菌pprI基因在哺乳动物细胞中的重组与表达奠定了基础。     

鼠伤寒沙门菌spvBC基因编辑株的构建

利用λRed重组系统和pBAD原核表达载体构建鼠伤寒沙门菌spvBC质粒毒力基因修饰菌株,为深入探究沙门菌毒力基因spv的功能和致病机制及宿主抗感染免疫提供工具菌。以pKD4为模板,PCR扩增含spvBC同源臂的卡那霉素抗性基因以构建同源打靶片段,再将其电转入含有质粒pKD46的鼠伤寒沙门菌中进行同源重组,随后将质粒pCP20电转导入阳性转化子,消除卡那霉素抗性基因,PCR鉴定敲除株的构建。PCR扩增含酶切位点的spvBC基因片段,扩增产物与原核表达载体pBAD/gⅢ分别双酶切后连接构建pBAD-spvBC重组质粒,PCR筛选阳性菌落并测序鉴定。将构建成功的pBAD-spvBC重组质粒电转导入spvBC敲除株中,Western blot测定不同浓度L-阿拉伯糖诱导SpvB和SpvC蛋白表达情况。PCR结果表明鼠伤寒沙门菌spvBC基因敲除成功;PCR及测序结果表明pBAD-spvBC重组质粒构建成功,Western blot结果表明13 mmol/L L-阿拉伯糖可诱导SpvB和SpvC蛋白正常表达。λRed重组系统可用于沙门菌质粒上大片段基因的敲除,pBAD原核表达载体可用于沙门菌质粒上大片段基因的回补,丰富了细菌质粒的基因修饰和编辑策略。     

一种温敏复制缺陷T载体的构建及在鸡白痢沙门氏菌基因敲除中的应用

基因敲除是基因功能研究的重要手段,载体是基因敲除的工具和核心。为获得有效的基因敲除载体以快速构建基因突变株及鉴定相应基因的必需性,在已有温敏复制缺陷pIDM1质粒的基础上,于EcoRⅠ和PstⅠ位点间插入串联的XcmⅠ酶切位点接头,构建了pIDM-T质粒;该质粒经XcmⅠ酶切可获得末端突出T的线性化pIDM-T载体。在验证了pIDM-T质粒复制的温敏特性基础上,应用构建的T载体克隆鸡白痢沙门氏菌CVCC527菌株的eno和ybdr两个基因,鉴定获得pIDM-T_eno和pIDM-T_ybdr两个重组质粒;将重组质粒转化527菌株,经IPC(Integration rate per cell)值计算,鉴定eno为必需基因,ybdr为非必需基因。挑取非必需ybdr基因527菌株重组菌(SalΔybdr),经PCR和测序,确认突变菌株重组位点的正确性。pIDM-T载体可快速克隆PCR产物,用于沙门氏菌的基因敲除及必需性鉴定,为沙门氏菌基因功能研究提供了一种有效快速的手段。     

Microdystrophin基因重组腺病毒的构建及转染mdx骨髓间充质干细胞的表达

构建含有人microdystrophin基因的重组腺病毒,来感染dystrophin基因敲除小鼠mdx的骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)进行基因修饰,为同种异体基因修饰的干细胞移植治疗DMD疾病奠定基础。用NotⅠ酶切含microdystrophin基因的pBSK-MICRO质粒,获得microdystrophin基因。片段回收后定向插入腺病毒穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV,获得重组质粒pShuttle-CMV-MICRO。PmeⅠ线性化重组质粒pShuttle-CMV-MICRO,去磷酸化后回收后与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeasy-1共电转化BJ5183感受态细胞。同源重组后用选择性培养基筛选阳性克隆,提取质粒,用脂质体介导转染293细胞,通过观察293细胞病变及PCR扩增目的基因等方法鉴定重组的腺病毒。然后将病毒上清转染DMD模型鼠mdx小鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞,通过RT-PCR以及间接免疫荧光检测microdystrophin的转录及蛋白表达。成功构建了含有microdystrophin基因的重组腺病毒,病毒滴度为5·58×1012vp/mL。间接免疫荧光检测可见microdystrophin蛋白在mdx小鼠MSCs中高效表达。该重组腺病毒载体的构建及成功转染到mdxMSCs内表达为下一步用microdystrophin基因修饰的mdxMSCs进行同种异体移植治疗DMD疾病奠定了基础。     

Cre/loxP介导的伤寒杆菌染色体上插入基因的切除

来源于P1噬菌体的位点专一性重组系统loxP/Cre,已成为一种新的DNA操作的有用工具,在体内外都获得了成功的应用.为了将四环素诱导表达系统引入减毒伤寒杆菌CVD908株中,tetR-loxP-neo串联基因已通过同源重组被定位插入在CVD908株的△aroC位点中.构建一Cre酶表达受启动子P_LtetO-1控制的自杀质粒pJG9/Cre,以切除CVD908株△aroC中同向loxP序列之间的neo基因.质粒pJG9/Cre电转化入菌中,加入去水四环素诱导Cre酶表达,通过重组切除neo基因,再通过自杀质粒上SacB基因的启动,使质粒清除出菌细胞.抗生素鉴定和PCR扩增都证明,CVD908株△aroC位点中的neo基因被成功切除.     

基于pDS132的基因敲除中创伤弧菌氯霉素的耐药性变化及影响

【背景】基于自杀载体的基因敲除在单基因敲除上的应用较为常见,但在多基因敲除过程中细菌耐药性的变化及对后续敲除的影响尚未明确。【目的】探究基于自杀载体pDS132的创伤弧菌vvhA与rtxA1双基因敲除株构建过程中,创伤弧菌对氯霉素耐药性的变化及对后续基因敲除的影响。【方法】基于自杀载体pDS132的同源重组法构建创伤弧菌YJ016的单基因敲除株YJ016-ΔvvhA、YJ016-ΔrtxA1和双基因敲除株YJ016-ΔvvhAΔrtxA1,记录单交换筛选时的氯霉素浓度与筛选平板上成功重组的菌株所占比例。琼脂稀释法测定野生型与敲除株的氯霉素最低抑菌浓度(Minimum InhibitoryConcentration,MIC)和抗性突变频率,纸片扩散法测定菌株对其他药物的敏感性,分析其对单交换筛选的影响。【结果】单基因敲除株的氯霉素MIC及氯霉素抗性突变频率高于野生型;双基因敲除株的庆大霉素抑菌圈直径小于野生型。单基因敲除时,单交换重组菌株的占比为100%(20/20);在YJ016-ΔvvhA上敲除rtxA1基因,氯霉素筛选浓度为2、4μg/mL时,单交换重组菌株的占比分别为40%(8/20)、5%(1/20);在YJ016-ΔrtxA1上敲除vvhA基因,氯霉素筛选浓度为2、4μg/mL时,单交换重组菌株的占比均为0%(0/20)。【结论】基于自杀载体pDS132的基因敲除中创伤弧菌氯霉素的耐药性升高,可能影响后续单交换重组的筛选,该结果为基于自杀载体的同源重组技术应用于多基因敲除提供了参考。     

鸟分枝杆菌PhoP功能分析及其基因突变株的构建

【目的】对鸟分枝杆菌PhoP的功能进行分析及构建PhoP基因突变株,为深入研究PhoP的调控机制打下基础。【方法】利用PCR扩增出鸟分枝杆菌PhoP DNA结合区(PhoPC)编码序列,与表达载体p GEX-4T-3连接后,转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达GST-PhoPC融合蛋白。用凝血酶去除GST标签,制备PhoPC蛋白;利用PCR扩增出鸟分枝杆菌PhoP基因及其下游基因MAV0127、PhoU和Amt的启动子片段,采用凝胶迁移率移动试验(EMSA)分别检测PhoPC与PhoP、MAV0127、PhoU和Amt的启动子结合的情况。通过PCR扩增PhoP基因上、下游片段,构建PhoP基因缺失性同源核苷酸片段,与自杀质粒p GMB151连接后,通过电转化导入鸟分枝杆菌进行同源交换,利用PCR筛选出PhoP基因缺失突变株。【结果】EMSA结果显示,鸟分枝杆菌PhoP能与PhoP、MAV0127及Amt基因启动子结合,不能与PhoU结合。通过PCR和序列分析证实基因突变株的PhoP基因缺失了309个碱基。【结论】PhoP不仅可调控其下游基因MAV0127和Amt的转录水平,还可调控其自身基因的转录,但不参与调节PhoU二元调控系统。构建了PhoP基因缺失突变株,为进一步研究其在鸟分枝杆菌的调控功能奠定了基础。     

Expression of Escherichia coliβ-galactosidase in Mycobacterium bovis BCG using an expression system isolated from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis which induced humoral and cellular immune responses

A promoter sequence, PAN, was isolated from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and characterized. This promoter lies adjacent to, and outside, the 3' end of an IS900 insertion element. IS900 contains an open reading frame, ORF2, on the complementary strand which codes for the putative transposase of this insertion sequence. A DNA fragment containing PAN and part of ORF2 was fused to the lacZ gene and inserted into the replicative shuttle vector pRR3. Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) transformed with this plasmid exhibited beta-galactosidase activity. However, lacZ was only expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of PAN, when ORF2 was deleted. Immunization of mice with the recombinant M. bovis BCG expressing lacZ resulted in the induction of a high humoral and cellular response directed against beta-galactosidase. The PAN-ORF2 expression system may prove to be particularly useful for cloning and expression of heterologous genes in the BCG vaccine strain.     

Overexpression of the D-alanine racemase gene confers resistance to D-cycloserine in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

D-Cycloserine is an effective second-line drug against Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To analyze the genetic determinants of D-cycloserine resistance in mycobacteria, a library of a resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis mutant was constructed. A resistant clone harboring a recombinant plasmid with a 3.1-kb insert that contained the glutamate decarboxylase (gadA) and D-alanine racemase (alrA) genes was identified. Subcloning experiments demonstrated that alrA was necessary and sufficient to confer a D-cycloserine resistance phenotype. The D-alanine racemase activities of wild-type and recombinant M. smegmatis strains were inhibited by D-cycloserine in a concentration-dependent manner. The D-cycloserine resistance phenotype in the recombinant clone was due to the overexpression of the wild-type alrA gene in a multicopy vector. Analysis of a spontaneous resistant mutant also demonstrated overproduction of wild-type AlrA enzyme. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the overproducing mutant revealed a single transversion (G-->T) at the alrA promoter, which resulted in elevated beta-galactosidase reporter gene expression. Furthermore, transformants of Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium bovis BCG carrying the M. smegmatis wild-type alrA gene in a multicopy vector were resistant to D-cycloserine, suggesting that AlrA overproduction is a potential mechanism of D-cycloserine resistance in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacteria. In conclusion, these results show that one of the mechanisms of D-cycloserine resistance in M. smegmatis involves the overexpression of the alrA gene due to a promoter-up mutation.     

The uraA locus and homologous recombination in Mycobacterium bovis BCG.

Molecular genetic manipulation of mycobacteria would benefit from the isolation of mycobacterial genes that could serve both as genetic markers and as sequences used to target homologous integration of recombinant DNA into the genome. We isolated the Mycobacterium bovis BCG gene encoding orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMP-DCase) by complementing an Escherichia coli mutant defective in this activity. The BCG OMP-DCase gene (uraA) and the flanking DNA were sequenced. The predicted BCG OMP-DCase protein sequence is closely related to the Myxococcus xanthus OMP-DCase and more distantly related to the other known prokaryotic and eukaryotic OMP-DCases. To investigate whether homologous integration can occur in M. bovis BCG, an improved protocol for transformation of BCG was developed and a linear fragment of mycobacterial DNA containing the uraA locus, marked with a kanamycin resistance gene, was introduced into BCG cells by electroporation. The kanamycin-resistant BCG transformants all contained vector DNA integrated into the genome. The marked DNA had integrated into the homologous uraA locus in approximately 20% of the transformants. These results have implications for understanding the role of mycobacterial genes in disease pathogenesis and for the genetic engineering of improved mycobacterial vaccines.     

Priming with a recombinant pantothenate auxotroph of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and boosting with MVA elicits HIV-1 Gag specific CD8+ T cells

A safe and effective HIV vaccine is required to significantly reduce the number of people becoming infected with HIV each year. In this study wild type Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur and an attenuated pantothenate auxotroph strain (BCGΔpanCD) that is safe in SCID mice, have been compared as vaccine vectors for HIV-1 subtype C Gag. Genetically stable vaccines BCG[pHS400] (BCG-Gag) and BCGΔpanCD[pHS400] (BCGpan-Gag) were generated using the Pasteur strain of BCG, and a panothenate auxotroph of Pasteur respectively. Stability was achieved by the use of a codon optimised gag gene and deletion of the hsp60-lysA promoter-gene cassette from the episomal vector pCB119. In this vector expression of gag is driven by the mtrA promoter and the Gag protein is fused to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 19 kDa signal sequence. Both BCG-Gag and BCGpan-Gag primed the immune system of BALB/c mice for a boost with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing Gag (MVA-Gag). After the boost high frequencies of predominantly Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells were detected when BCGpan-Gag was the prime in contrast to induction of predominantly Gag-specific CD4(+) T cells when priming with BCG-Gag. The differing Gag-specific T-cell phenotype elicited by the prime-boost regimens may be related to the reduced inflammation observed with the pantothenate auxotroph strain compared to the parent strain. These features make BCGpan-Gag a more desirable HIV vaccine candidate than BCG-Gag. Although no Gag-specific cells could be detected after vaccination of BALB/c mice with either recombinant BCG vaccine alone, BCGpan-Gag protected mice against a surrogate vaccinia virus challenge.     

Molecular cloning and sequencing of the merozoite surface antigen 2 gene from Plasmodium falciparum strain FCC-1/HN and expression of the gene in mycobacteria

Strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) of Mycobacterium bovis has been used as a live bacterial vaccine to immunize more than 3 billion people against tuberculosis. In an attempt to use this vaccine strain as a vehicle for protective antigens, the gene encoding merozoite surface antigen 2 (MSA2) was amplified from strain FCC-1/HN Plasmodium falciparum genome, sequenced, and expressed in M. bovis BCG under the control of an expression cassette carrying the promoter of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The recombinant shuttle plasmid pBCG/MSA2 was introduced into mycobacteria by electroporation, and the recombinant mycobacteria harboring pBCG/MSA2 could be induced by heating to express MSA2; the molecular mass of recombinant MSA2 was about 31 kDa. This first report of expression of the full-length P. falciparum MSA2 gene in BCG provides evidence for use of the HSP70 promoter in expressing a foreign gene in BCG and in development of BCG as a multivalent vectoral vaccine for malaria.     

Analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 85A antigen promoter region.

A mycobacterial expression-secretion vector was constructed in which the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (phoA) reporter gene was placed under the control of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 85A promoter and secretion signal sequences. In recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, PhoA activity could readily be detected on the mycobacterial cell surface and in the culture supernatant, indicating that the 85A signals can drive heterologous expression and secretion in both species. In contrast to the mycobacteria, the 85A promoter did not function in E. coli. We mapped the promoter region by progressive deletions using BAL 31 exonuclease and by primer extension analysis. Insertion and deletion mutations within the promoter region indicated that, unlike most E. coli promoters but similar to Streptomyces promoters, the position of the putative -35 region was not critical for efficient promoter activity. In addition, we investigated the ability of the identified signals to drive the production and secretion in BCG of recombinant Schistosoma mansoni glutathione S-transferase (Sm28GST), a protective antigen against schistosomiasis. BALB/c mice immunized with the recombinant BCG by a single dose exhibited a weak but specific T-cell response to Sm28GST.     

真核表达编码Ag85A基因重组体的构建

抗原85复合体（Ag85）是BCG合成的能够刺激机体产生细胞免疫和体液免疫的多种成分之一,Ag85A是抗原85复合体组成成分之一,可显著刺激细胞免疫功能增强。为研究经口接种Ag85A的DNA疫苗的免疫效应,根据结核分枝杆菌Ag85A的基因序列自行设计了一对PCR引物,以人型结核杆菌H37Rv标准毒力株的DNA为模板,经过PCR扩增出Ag85A目的基因,纯化PCR产物TA克隆入载体pUCm-T载体,蓝白斑筛选将回收的PCR产物用限制性核酸内切酶Xhol和BamHI双酶酶切后,经T4DNA连接酶作用,与真核表达载体pCDNA3．1^＋连接,筛选得到的阳性克隆经DNA测序鉴定证实为Ag85A基因,且被克隆到载体pCDNA3．1^＋中的CMV启动子的下游,成功构建并鉴定的真核表达载体pCDNA3．1^＋携带Ag85A基因的重组体,命名为pCDNA3．1^＋／Ag85A。将其转化大肠埃希菌并使之大量扩增,并采用无内毒素提取质粒方法收集此重组质粒DNA．即为可经口途径喂饲小鼠的结核杆菌Ag85A的DNA疫苗,为口服DNA疫苗的临床应用研究奠定基础。     

A stable Escherichia coli-mycobacteria shuttle vector 'pSO246' in Mycobacterium bovis BCG

Abstract The most widely used plasmid vector system in mycobacteria is based on pAL5000 from Mycobacterium fortuitum . The derivatives of the pAL5000-based shuttle vectors between Escherichia coli and mycobacteria, which we have utilized to secrete recombinant antigens, were generated. The stability of the vectors was assessed in Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG). The plasmid vector pSO246 was stable in BCG for at least 50 generations.