年年有“鱼”的锦囊

说起渔业,可以追溯到古代,就在我国的石器时代,渔业生产曾是一片繁荣景象。渔业为人类的进步做出了重大的贡献,如今,渔业尤其是海洋渔业依然在我国国民经济中占据着重要地位。从1989年起至今,我国渔业总产量一直居世界首位,并拥有世界上最多的机械渔船和渔业劳动力。     

简论生物磁化工程在新世纪加速发展的可行性与必要性

生物磁化工程在我国发展自古至今,已从磁疗以至农副业(包括畜禽、渔业等)所需磁化肥料、饲 料、水;至九十年代磁食品,包括它“绿色加工”工艺施用于农副业是可行的,建议国家列入“十五”计划加速 发展,实现产业化是必要的。     

简论生物磁化工程在新世纪加速发展的可行性与必要性

生物磁化工程在我国发展自古至今,已从磁疗以至农副业(包括畜禽、渔业等)所需磁化肥料、饲料、水;至九十年代磁食品,包括它“绿色加工”工艺施用于农副业是可行的,建议国家列入“十五”计划加速发展,实现产业化是必要的。     

内陆水体生物学研究与淡水渔业的可持续发展

我国的淡水渔业目前正处于历史的转折点。一方面,根据农业部的渔业发展“九五”规划和2010年设想目标,我国水产业又将面临一次新的跃升,占据水产业半壁天下的淡水渔业势将承担重任;另一方面,鉴于我国淡水资源的紧缺现状,淡水渔业亟待真正纳人“可持续发展”的总体战略。如果不与资源和环境相协调,将难以为继。内陆水体生物学和水产业工作者面临的严峻挑战是:为我国淡水渔业走可持续发展之路寻找科学与技术的支撑点,以最低的环境和资源成本谋求更大的发展。       

生物磁化工程发展的可行性与必要性

生物磁化工程在我国发展,自古到今,已从磁疗以至农副业(包括畜禽、渔业等)所需磁化肥料、饲料、水;至90年代磁食品,包括它"绿色加工"工艺施用于农副业是可行的.建议国家列入"十五"计划加速发展,实现产业化是必要的.     

中国的史前焕业

我国的史前渔业历史相当悠久。据《尸子》载:“遂人之世,天下多水,故教民以鱼”。再从出土文物佐证:山西襄汾丁村、北京周口店的先人,当时可能曾是出色的捕鱼能手。由此推及,史前渔业始于旧石器时代,盛于新石器时代。史前渔业的一些渔具、渔法,是具有一定的科学依据,至今在一些地方仍沿用之。研究史前渔业,吸取精华,对我国到2,000年水产品产量达到2,000万吨,有一定的现实意义。     

水生植物在渔业生态养殖中的开发应用(综述)

阐述水生植物的生态功能特性与生态修复原理,以及近年来水生植物在渔业生态养殖中作为水产动物绿色饲料与病害生态防治环境友好药物的来源、有害有毒藻类控制的化感解毒生物资源、污水生物净化与渔业水域生态修复的开发应用。同时就水生植物在水产生态养殖与渔业水域环境修复开发应用中存在的问题进行探讨,并提出相应的建议。     

中国古代渔业史源和发展概述

为弘扬中华民族的渔业成就，本文查阅大量古代渔业论著及地方志等资料，整理成文。古渔业史源可追溯至旧石器时代的捡拾贝类和徒手捉鱼。原始社会逐渐形成捕钓渔业；在奴隶社会得到进一步发展，并产生养殖渔业和原始加工业；封建社会时捕捞、养殖渔业均较发达，汉代起进行大面积养殖，至唐代因朝政干涉使养鲤业受摧折，然而却促使家鱼养殖的兴起和发展。经过不断的实践，相关养殖技术有所提高，且为我国传统的养殖方式奠定基础。     

鱼类种群增长的初步研究

鱼类种群数量变动,在我国渔业界受到广泛注意。渔业资源的合理利用和科学管理,首先瞩目的是鱼类种群的增长能力。关于生物种群的增长,在生态学范畴曾被广泛深入地研究过,但以鱼类种群为对象的研究尚少报导。本文以逻辑斯蒂(logistic)增长理论,对马面魨鱼类种群的增长进行了初步研究,并结合渔业论述了增长理论的应用。     

三峡水库生态渔业发展策略与关键技术研究分析

针对三峡水库蓄水后水体资源丰富、水生态系统发育尚不完善、支流库湾藻类水华问题较严重、鱼类群落结构有待调控、水生生物资源未有效利用和转化的现状, 阐述了三峡水库生态渔业作为生态系统保护途径和绿色产业的必要性与重要性, 提出了三峡水库生态渔业发展的总体目标与基本原则, 认为三峡水库发展生态渔业应以生态安全保障和水质养护为首要任务, 严格控制外来物种的引种移植, 以土著鱼类自然繁殖保护和捕捞管理为主, 动态调控放流增殖的鱼类种类和数量为辅, 建立以鱼类群落合理配置和食物网结构优化为手段的水库生态系统调控技术体系, 促进高效的物质循环和能量流动, 实现环境保护和渔业增效的双赢。作者围绕渔业放流增殖、野生鱼类资源保护、捕捞管理、局部库区渔业调控、渔业生物控藻、社区渔业协调管理、生态渔业总体规划等方面, 分析了现阶段三峡水库生态渔业的重点研究任务与关键技术,同时建议加强相关生态学理论与方法研究、技术示范和成果应用, 为三峡水库以渔养水、渔-水和谐的综合管理提供决策依据。       

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.