前庭代偿中猫的头部和颈部姿势的改变

首次用视觉自动摄像信息处理系统记录了猫一侧前庭神经切断后在跨越转动横梁时头和颈运动的姿势,主要分析了头和颈在矢状面和水平面上的转动角度和高度和变化,结果显示,正常猫在各种转速和转向条件下头和颈均始终保持因有的稳定的姿势;前庭神经损伤后,头和颈偏于上仰并向患侧扭曲,其改变的幅度和恢复时程可因转速不同而异,且发现头上仰的恢复早于头向患侧扭曲的恢复。     

IMPACT OF THREE DIFFERENT MATCHING METHODS ON PATIENT SET-UP ERROR IN X-RAY VOLUMETRIC IMAGING FOR HEAD AND NECK CANCER

Impact of three different matching methods for delivery of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) in Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) on patient set-up error. As per institutional imaging protocol, 300 CBCT scans of 20 VMAT head and neck cancer patients treated with 60 Gy/30 fractions were chosen for the present study. Approved CT images of the plan were registered as a reference with the CBCT images on board. Grey-scale matching (GM), manual matching (MM), and bone matching (BM) between on-board CBCT and reference CT images were used to assess patient translation errors. Patient positioning verification was evaluated using the Clip-box registration in all three matching methods. Using the GM approach as a reference point, two additional matchings were rendered in offline mode using BM and MM. For analysis, random error (σ), systematic error (∑), maximum error (E) mean set-up error (M), mean displacement vector (R), matching time (Mt), and multiple comparisons using Post hoc Tukey's HSD test were performed. In MM, less random and systematic errors were found than in GM and BM with an insignificant difference (p > 0.05) Compared to BM and GM, the maximum error, mean set-up error, and displacement vector were marginally less in MM (p > 0.05). In MM, an increased Mt relative to BM and GM was observed (p > 0.05). Furthermore, an insignificant difference in set-up error was revealed in a multiple comparison test (p > 0.05). Any of the three matching methods can be used during CBCT to check patient translation errors for the delivery of the VMAT head and neck patients.     

LATERAL CYSTS AND FISTULAS OF THE NECK

The embryonic origin of lateral cysts and fistulas remains controversial. They are, however, located in the general anatomic pattern of the embryonic thymic duct, which starts in the lateral pharyngeal wall and passes under the sternomastoid muscle to enter the mediastinum. The cyst is a unilocular, semiattached, non-translucent mass which has a tendency to become infected in 30 per cent of cases.The preauricular sinus occurs in front of the ear and is due either to a branchial cleft or an inclusion of one of the six primitive buds which form the external ear.Cystic hygroma is due to sequestrated lymphatic channels. These are always multilocular and rather invasive and may extend into mediastinum and arms.Diagnosis and treatment are considered in this presentation.