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木麻黄科植物共生基因遗传转化研究进展 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
木麻黄科(Casuarmceae)植物是世界热带和亚热带地区的造林先锋树种,它能与Frankia放线菌共生形成固氮根瘤,使其具有能够适应各种恶劣环境的优良特性.对木麻黄科植物的共生基因遗传转化研究方法和进展进行了综述,并对今后木麻黄科植物共生基因研究进行了探讨和展望. 相似文献
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小麦遗传转化研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
小麦 (TriticumasetiumL)是世界上分布最广 ,种植面积最大的粮食作物之一 ,传统的小麦育种方法主要是利用远缘杂交技术来提高小麦品质和产量 ,然而有限的可利用的种质资源常常限制了育种工作的突破。基因工程技术的发展和应用 ,打破了物种间的界限 ,增加了小麦外源基因导入的途径和范围 ,对小麦育种有着深远意义。自 80年代以来 ,虽然许多植物包括重要农作物水稻和玉米的遗传转化工作发展得很快 ,但小麦近几年才取得成功。这主要是由于农杆菌宿主的限制以及小麦原生质体培养的艰难性制约了小麦遗传转化的发展。经过多年的不… 相似文献
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草莓遗传转化研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
草莓是一种重要的小型浆果,近年来育出很多优良品种,种植面积逐渐扩大.然而仍有很多因素限制了草莓生产的发展.基因工程技术为植物育种、种质资源开发利用等领域开辟了新的途径,可以获得常规育种难以或无法得到的新类型.本文综述了近年来国内外在草莓抗病虫、抗逆、抗除草剂、品质特性、耐贮运性等基因工程的研究进展以及基因型、试管苗生理状态、共培养时间、侵染时间和菌液浓度、抗生素等因素对草莓遗传转化的影响.对草莓转基因研究中存在的主要问题和今后的研究方向及应用前景进行了探讨. 相似文献
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小麦遗传转化研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
小麦作为最重要的3大禾谷作物之一,其离体培养具有很强的惰性,再生频率与水稻、玉米相比要低一些,目前大多通过对基因型和外植体的选择来达到植株的高频再生分化,因此其遗传转化就远远滞后于水稻和玉米,更不用说与其它双子叶植物相比了.重点综述了小麦转基因技术和外源基因在小麦中的遗传转化研究现状,其内容包括几种主要的小麦转基因方法和以基因枪法为主的各种转化技术对品质基因、抗除草剂基因和抗病等基因在小麦中的遗传转化研究进展,并对存在的一些问题进行了简要的论述. 相似文献
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葡萄遗传转化研究进展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文从目的基因、遗传转化途径、再生系统以及筛选和鉴定四个方面评述了近10年来葡萄遗传转化的研究进展,与其它植物相比,葡萄遗传转化较困难,迄今为止仅获得了较少的转基因植株,葡萄再生频率低和葡萄组织对卡那霉素选择的敏感均是遗传转化因素的关键所在。 相似文献
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M. T. Cheres J. F. Miller J. M. Crane S. J. Knapp 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(6):889-894
Heterosis is significant for seed yield and is one of the driving forces behind the hybrid seed industry in cultivated sunflower
(Helianthus annuus L). Heterotic groups in sunflower, if any other than the female and male inbred-line groups exist, have not been well studied
or described. The primary aims of this study were to assess the utility and validity of a series of proposed heterotic groups
and estimate correlations between genetic distance, heterosis, and hybrid performance for seed yield in sunflower. Fortytwo
female by male heterotic group (A × R) and 81 female by female heterotic group (A × B) single-cross hybrids were grown in
Corvallis, Ore., and Casselton, N.D., in 1996 and 1997. Heterosis was significant for seed yield and plant height but not
for seed oil concentration and days to flowering. Genetic distances were significantly correlated with hybrid seed yield when
estimated from AFLP fingerprints (G
D) (r = 0.63 for A × R and 0.79 for A × B hybrids), but not from coancestries (G
C) (r = -0.02 for A × R and 0.54 for A × B hybrids). G
D (R
2 = 0.4) was a poor predictor of hybrid seed yield. The proposed heterotic groups in sunflower seem to have utility, but do
not seem to be as strongly differentiated as those in corn (Zea mays L.). The highest-yielding hybrids were from the BC× RB heterotic pattern; however, several BC× BC hybrids (within-group hybrids) were among the top-yielding hybrids. The outstanding performance of certain BC× BC hybrids casts some doubt on the validity of the BC group. Substantial genetic diversity seems to be present within and between heterotic groups in sunflower.
Received: 1 September 1998 / Accepted: 14 September 1999 相似文献
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高羊茅为很重要的多年生冷季型草坪草,生物技术在其品种改良中具有很大的应用潜力。本文对高羊茅植株再生体系的建立及遗传转化方面的研究进展进行了综述。同时,对高羊茅转基因研究中存在的问题和前景作了讨论。 相似文献
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人参的遗传改良* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
遗传改良是人参育种的重要手段之一,而遗传转化和再生体系的建立是开展人参遗传改良工作的前提和基础。人参植株再生可以通过器官发生和体细胞胚发生,间接体细胞胚发生是人参植株再生的主要途径,从不同外植体,不同碳源,体细胞胚优化和无激素再生等方面进行了综述。在人参遗传转化方面,发根农杆菌和根癌农杆菌对人参的遗传转化均已成功,人参皂苷合成途径中的关键酶基因和抗除草剂基因也已陆续导入人参,得到了遗传改良的转化人参。发根培养系统可用于大量生产人参皂苷,讨论了rolC基因对人参发根诱导的作用,发根植株再生能力及生物反应器培养,最后指出了人参基因工程研究中存在的问题。 相似文献
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B. Pérez-Vich R. Garcés J. M. Fernández-Martínez 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,99(3-4):663-669
A sunflower mutant, CAS-3, with about 25% stearic acid (C18:0) in the seed oil was recently isolated after a chemical-mutagen
treatment of RDF-1-532 seeds (8% C18:0). To study the inheritance of the high C18:0 content, CAS-3 was reciprocally crossed
to RDF-1–532 and HA-89 (5% C18:0). Significant reciprocal-cross differences were found in one of the two crosses, indicating
possible maternal effects. In the CAS-3 and RDF-1–532 crosses, the segregation patterns of the F1, BC1, and F2 populations fitted a one-locus (designated Es1) model with two alleles (Es1, es1) and with partial dominance of low over high C18:0 content. Segregation patterns in the CAS-3 and HA-89 crosses indicated
the presence of a second independent locus (designated Es2) with two alleles (Es2, es2), also with partial dominance of low over high C18:0 content. From these results, the proposed genotypes (C18:0 content)
of each parent were as follows: CAS-3 (25.0% C18:0) =es1es1es2es2; RDF-1–532 (8.0% C18:0) =Es1Es1es2es2; and HA-89 (4.6% C18:0) =Es1Es1Es2Es2. The relationship between the proposed genotypes and their C18:0 content indicates that the Es1 locus has a greater effect on the C18:0 content than the Es2 locus. Apparently, the mutagenic treatment caused a mutation of Es1 to es1 in RDF-1–532.
Received: 20 September 1998 / Accepted: 1 February 1999 相似文献
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采用HKG(HCl-KOH-Giemsa)法对内葵杂3号三交种染色体进行了C-分带研究和分析。结果表明:每条染色体至少都有一条C-分带,染色体组共有62条C-分带,以中间带和着丝点带为主,中间带主要分布在染色体短臂上;C-分带强弱差异明显,其中46条强带,16条弱带。Giemsa C-分带带型公式为:2n=2x=34=8I++3T++5I+I+T++4C+2CI+4CI++3CI++I+T++CT++2CT+。每条染色体都显示出显著的带纹特征,因此,利用Giemsa C-分带方法可以将向日葵的每条染色体区分开。 相似文献
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月季的植株再生及遗传转化研究进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文对近20年月季植株再生和转基因研究进展进行了较为系统的回顾和总结.月季通过器官和体细胞胚发生途径都能再生植株,但遗传转化主要是利用体细胞胚发生途径.通过农杆菌介导法和基因枪法,外源基因如报告基因、抗病基因和改变花色的基因等已转化成功.文章还对今后月季转基因研究的方向进行了讨论. 相似文献
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Mashkina E. V. Markin N. V. Usatov A. V. Gus'kov E. P. 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2001,48(6):788-792
The effects of heat shock (HS) (40°C for 1 h) on the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), the terminal product of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity, and total peroxidase activity (TPA) were studied in root meristems and chloroplasts of several sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) lines that carried nuclear or plastome chlorophyll mutations. HS either lowered or did not affect the MDA level in the root meristem and in the chloroplasts from the first true leaf, as compared to the untreated plants. In both treatments, the root and leaf enzyme activities varied in the sunflower lines. In the root meristem, catalase was the most sensitive to HS, whereas, in the chloroplasts from HS-treated sunflower lines, HS activated either TPA or SOD. 相似文献
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Elsa M. Vera-Ruiz Leonardo Velasco Alberto J. Leon Jose M. Fernández-Martínez Begoña Pérez-Vich 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2006,17(3):291-296
Tocopherols are a family of fat soluble antioxidants of great value for both nutritional and technological properties of seed
oils. The four naturally occurring tocopherols (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol) widely differ for their relative
in vivo (vitamin E) and in vitro antioxidant properties. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds mainly contain alpha-tocopherol (95% of the total tocopherols), which has a great vitamin E value but a low in vitro activity. Conversely, beta-tocopherol shows more balanced in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties, which is desired for specific uses of the oil. The sunflower line T589 is characterised by an increased
beta-tocopherol content in the seeds ( >30%), which is determined by the single gene Tph1. The objectives of this study were
to map the Tph1 gene by molecular markers (SSRs) and to develop a linkage map of the Tph1-encompassing region. High performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to phenotype 103 F2 and 67 F3 progeny from the mapping population CAS-12 × T589, which segregates for Tph1. Bulk segregant analysis identified two SSR
markers on linkage group (LG) 1 linked to Tph1. A large linkage group was constructed by genotyping additional SSRs and INDEL
markers. Tph1 mapped to the upper end of LG 1 and cosegregated with the SSR markers ORS1093, ORS222, and ORS598. The availability
of tightly linked PCR-based markers and the location of the Tph1 gene on the sunflower genetic map will be useful for marker-assisted
selection in sunflower and provides a basis for the physical mapping and positional cloning of this gene. 相似文献