Antibacterial activity of an epoxidised prenylated cinnamaldehdye derivative from Vepris glomerata

A prenylated cinnamaldehyde (glomeral), together with the known p-hydroxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid, methyl cinnamate, hesperetin, scoparone, skimmianine, syringaresinol and two limonoids (limonin and limonyl acetate) were isolated from the roots and stem bark of Vepris glomerata. The antibacterial assay of the isolated compounds indicated an inhibition zone, ranging from 8 to 16 mm, against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213, 25923) and Shigella dysentrieae. Glomeral inhibited the growth of S. aureus and S. dysentrieae at low concentrations (MIC of 2 μg/mL and 0.4 μg/mL respectively). Of the other compounds tested, hesperetin displayed good antibacterial activity, the limonoids, scoparone and skimmianine displayed moderate antibacterial activity and the cinnamic acid derivatives were inactive against the test pathogens. This study provides a rationale for the use of V. glomerata in its treatment of bacterial infections.     

Susceptibility of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> strains toward combinations of oxacillin-2,4-dihydroxychalcone

In order to determine the existence of synergism of the bacteriostatic action of flavonoids against G⁺ bacteria between a clinically interesting conventional antibiotic and a flavonoid, combinations of oxacillin (OXC) and 2,4-dihydroxychalcone (DCH) as enhancer were assayed against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29 213 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43 300. Using a kinetic-turbidimetric method, growth kinetics was monitored in a broth containing variable amounts of OXC alone and combinations of variable OXC-constant DCH. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of OXC alone and in combination with DCH were evaluated. For the 29 213 strain, OXC MIC was 25 μg/mL, while combinations of 2–8 μg/mL OXC with 10 μg/mL of DCH totally inhibited growth and showed synergism. The resistance of the 43 300 strain in the presence of OXC was verified; OXC-DCH combinations decreased bacterial growth by 35 %. DCH augments the action of OXC against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and therefore constitutes a good bacteriostatic agent for methicillin-resistant S. aureus.     

A Newly Characterized Potentially Probiotic Strain,Lactobacillus brevis MK05, and the Toxicity Effects of its Secretory Proteins Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Among seven strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditional dairy products, a Lactobacillus strain was identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and tentatively designated as Lactobacillus brevis MK05. This strain demonstrated the highest probiotic potential through biochemical analysis, including acid and bile salt resistance, as well as antibacterial activity. The collected cell-free supernatant (CFC) of L. brevis MK05 culture, compared with MRS broth with pH equal to the pH for CFC, revealed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 25923), possibly due to the presence of antibacterial metabolites other than organic acids. This strain was, therefore, selected to assess the biological activity of its partially purified secretory proteins against MCF-7 cancer cells and normal fibroblast cells via the MTT assay. The partially purified cell-secreted proteins of this strain (hereafter referred to as Lb-PPSPs) showed a time and dose-dependent anti-cancer and apoptosis induction function. There was a remarkable decline in the survival rate of MCF-7 cells at doses equal to and higher than 0.5 mg/mL after 48 h. The changes in expression of the three genes involved in the apoptosis pathway (BAX, BCL-2, and BCL2L11) in MCF-7 cells treated with the Lb-PPSPs confirm its cytotoxic activity and apoptosis induction.

     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone against major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory peptide reported to possess antimicrobial properties, however their role as antibacterial peptides is yet to be established. In the present study, we examined in vitro antibacterial activity of α-MSH against S. aureus strain ISP479C and several methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) S. aureus strains. Antibacterial activity was examined by varying several parameters, viz., bacterial cell densities, growth phase, pH, salt concentration, and temperature. Antibacterial activity was also examined in complex biomatrices of rat whole blood, plasma and serum as well as in biofilm form of bacteria. Our results showed that α-MSH possessed significant and rapid antibacterial activity against all the studied strains including MRSA (84% strains were killed on exposure to 12 μM of α-MSH for 2 h). pH change from 7.4 to 4 increased α-MSH staphylocidal activity against ISP479C by 21%. Antibacterial activity of α-MSH was dependent on bacterial cell density and independent of growth phase. Moreover, antimicrobial activity was retained when α-MSH was placed into whole blood, plasma, and serum. Most importantly, α-MSH exhibited antibacterial activity against staphylococcal biofilms. Multiple membrane permeabilization assays suggested that membrane damage was, at least in part, a major mechanism of staphylocidal activity of α-MSH. Collectively the above findings suggest that α-MSH could be a promising candidate of a novel class of antimicrobial agents.     

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of 4-Phenyl-1-(2-phenyl-allyl)pyridinium bromide: A Novel Class of Pyridinium Based Antibacterial Compounds

The continuing increase in the incidence of multi drug resistant pathogenic bacteria and shortage of new antimicrobial agents are the prime driver in efforts to identify the novel antimicrobial classes. In vitro antibacterial activity of 4-phenyl-1-(2-phenylallyl) pyridinium bromide was tested against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Bacillus subtilis, and Gram negative Klebsiella aerogenes and Escherichia coli using disk diffusion method. Among them S. aureus showed strong antibacterial activity (21.99 ± 0.03 mm) while E. coli showed very little activity (8.97 ± 0.06 mm) towards the compound. The MIC of 4-phenyl-1-(2-phenyl-allyl)-pyridinium bromide for 90% S. aureus was ≤20 μg/ml and was compared with phenoxymethylpenicillin, cloxacillin, erythromycin and vancomycin. When 4-phenyl-1-(2-phenyl-allyl)pyridinium bromide showed MIC at ≤20 μg/ml, all others showed MIC at ≤100 μg/ml. Strong antibacterial activity of 4-phenyl-1-(2-phenyl-allyl)pyridinium bromide against S. aureus indicates that there is a possibility to use it as an effective antibacterial agent.     

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Carbazole Hybrids as Promising Antimicrobial Agents

Two series of carbazole analogs of 8‐methoxy‐N‐substituted‐9H‐carbazole‐3‐carboxamides (series 1) and carbazolyl substituted rhodanines (series 2) were synthesized through facile synthetic routes. All the final compounds from these two series were evaluated for their preliminary in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activity against four fungal (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus tropicalis and Aspergillus niger) and four bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) strains, respectively. Among the tested compounds, three compounds of series 1 displayed promising antifungal and antibacterial activity, especially against C. neoformans and S. aureus. In addition, one compound of series 1 displayed notable antimicrobial activity (MIC: 6.25 μg/mL) against clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. neoformans (MIC: 12.5 μg/mL). From the second series, four compounds exhibited significant antifungal and antibacterial activity, especially against C. neoformans and S. aureus. The most active compound of series 2 displayed a prominent antimicrobial activity against C. neoformans (MIC: 3.125 μg/mL) and S. aureus (MIC: 1.56 μg/mL), respectively.     

Antimicrobial Peptide JH-3 Effectively Kills Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain CVCC541 and Reduces Its Pathogenicity in Mice

Salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen and is a major cause of gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. The current serious problem of antibiotic abuse has prompted the search for new substitutes for antibiotics. JH-3 is a small antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum bactericidal activity. In this study, we showed that JH-3 has good bactericidal activity towards the clinical isolate Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain CVCC541. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of JH-3 against this bacterium was determined to be 100 μg/mL, which could decrease the number of CVCC541 cells by 1000-fold in vitro within 5 h. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that JH-3 can damage the cell wall and membrane of CVCC541, leading to the leakage of cell contents and subsequent cell death. To measure the bactericidal activity of CVCC541-infected mice were treated intraperitoneally 40 or 10 mg/kg JH-3 at 2 h or 3 days postinfection. Our results showed that treatment with 40 mg/kg JH-3 at 2 h postinfection had the best therapeutic effect and could significantly protect mice from a lethal dose of CVCC541. Furthermore, the clinical symptoms, bacterial burden in blood and organs, and intestinal pathological changes were all decreased and were close to normal. This study examined the therapeutic effect of the antimicrobial peptide JH-3 against S. enterica CVCC541 infection for the first time and determined the therapeutic effect of different JH-3 doses and treatment times, laying the foundation for studies of new antimicrobial agents.

     

Synthesis,molecular docking and biological evaluation of metronidazole derivatives containing piperazine skeleton as potential antibacterial agents

Metronidazole has a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Hereby a series of novel metronidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized based on nitroimidazole scaffold in order to find some more potent antibacterial drugs. For these compounds which were reported for the first time, their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were tested. These compounds showed good antibacterial activities against Gram-positive strains. Compound 4m represented the most potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 with MIC of 0.003 μg/mL and it showed the most potent activity against S. aureus TyrRS with IC₅₀ of 0.0024 μM. Molecular docking of 4m into S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase active site were also performed to determine the probable binding mode.     

Synthesis and antibacterial studies of binaphthyl-based tripeptoids. Part 1

An efficient synthesis of 29 new binaphthyl-based neutral, and mono- and di-cationic, peptoids is described. Some of these compounds had antibacterial activities with MIC values of 1.9–3.9 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. One peptoid had a MIC value of 6 μg/mL against a methicillin-resistant strain of S. aureus (MRSA) and a MIC value of 2 μg/mL against vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococci (VRE).     

Antibacterial Potent of Acetylated and Non-Acetylated Clove Bud Essential Oils and Their Main Compounds

Clove bud is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Asia for the treatment of various disease. Previously, Clove oil is a potential source of an antimicrobial compounds especially vis-a-vis bacterial pathogens. However, the compound responsible for this activity remains to be investigated. Essential oil (EO) clove, acetylated essential oil clove, eugenol, and acetyleugenol were evaluate as an antibacterial potential agent against Staphyloccocus aureus (SE), Escherichia coli (EC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Essential oil containing eugenol was extracted from buds of Eugenia caryophyllata commonly named clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) (Family Myrtaceae) by a simple hydrodistillation. The analysis of the essential oils (EOs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) shows eugenol as the major constituent with 70.14 % of the total. The Eugenol was isolated from the EO using chemical treatment. Afterwards, the EO and eugenol were converted to acetylated EO and acetyleugenol, respectively using acetic anhydride. The antibacterial result revealed that all compounds showed a strong activity against the three strains. The Staphyloccocus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were extremely sensitive against eugenol with an inhibition diameters of 25 mm. The MIC values of eugenol versus S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 0.58 and 2.32 mg/mL, respectively, while the MIB values were 2.32 mg/mL and 9.28 mg/mL.     

Antimicrobial activity of saponin fractions of the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and Eclipta prostrata

The antimicrobial activity of saponin fractions from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and Eclipta prostrata was evaluated against pathogenic bacteria and fungi in an in vitro condition. A series of concentrations of crude and pure saponin fractions were tested for antimicrobial activity by zone of inhibition method. The pure saponin fractions were found to be more effective against tested bacterial pathogens when compared to crude saponin fractions. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) exhibited by the pure saponin fraction of G. sylvestre was found to be in the range of 600–1,200 mg/l against bacterial strains and 1,400 mg/l for fungal isolates. In the case of E. prostrata, the range was 1,000–1,200 mg/l for bacteria and 1,400 mg/l for fungal isolates. The susceptibility of bacterial pathogens for saponin fractions was in the order of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. typhi, K. pneumoniae, P. mirablis, S. aureus and for fungal pathogens A. fumigatus followed by A. niger and A. flavus. Whereas, A. niger was more susceptible to inhibition by E. prostrata saponin fractions, followed by A. flavus and A. fumigatus. The antimicrobial potential of saponin fractions was compared with antibiotics, Chloramphenicol and Amphotericin-B with respect to bacteria and fungi. The present study suggests that the saponin fractions G. sylvestre and E. prostrata possess significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Our results further suggest that saponins of G. sylvestre and E. prostrata can be used as a potential fungicide against pathogenic fungi.     

Biological evaluation and molecular modelling study of thiosemicarbazide derivatives as bacterial type IIA topoisomerases inhibitors

In the present article, we describe the inhibitory potency of nine thiosemicarbazide derivatives against bacterial type IIA topoisomerases, their antibacterial profile and molecular modelling evaluation. We found that one of the tested compounds, compound 7, significantly inhibits activity of Staphylococcus aureus DNA gyrase with an IC₅₀ below 15?μM. Besides, this compound displays antibacterial activity on reference Staphylococuss spp. and Enterococcus faecalis strains as well as clinical S. aureus isolates at non-cytotoxic concentrations in mammalian cells with MIC values ranging from 16 to 32?μg/mL thereby indicating, in some cases, equipotent or even more effective action than standard drugs such as vancomycin, ampicillin and nitrofurantoin. The computational studies showed that both molecular geometry and the electron density distribution have a great impact on antibacterial activity of thiosemicarbazide derivatives.     

Hp1404, a New Antimicrobial Peptide from the Scorpion Heterometrus petersii

Antimicrobial peptides have attracted much interest as a novel class of antibiotics against a variety of microbes including antibiotics resistant strains. In this study, a new cationic antimicrobial peptide Hp1404 was identified from the scorpion Heterometrus petersii, which is an amphipathic α-helical peptide and has a specific inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Hp1404 can penetrate the membrane of S. aureus at low concentration, and disrupts the cellular membrane directly at super high concentration. S. aureus does not develop drug resistance after multiple treatments with Hp1404 at sub MIC concentration, which is possibly associated with the antibacterial mechanism of the peptide. In addition, Hp1404 has low toxicity to both mammalian cells (HC₅₀  =  226.6 µg/mL and CC₅₀ > 100 µg/mL) and balb-c mice (Non-toxicity at 80 mg/Kg by intraperitoneal injection and LD₅₀  =  89.8 mg/Kg by intravenous injection). Interestingly, Hp1404 can improve the survival rate of the MRSA infected balb-c mice in the peritonitis model. Taken together, Hp1404 may have potential applications as an antibacterial agent.     

Synergistic effect between dieckol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ecklonia stolonifera</Emphasis> and β-lactams against methicillin-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis>

We have been attempting for some time to discover a compound evidencing antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The dieckol isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera has been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of dieckol were determined in a range of 32 to 64 μg/mL against standard MSSA and MRSA strains. Furthermore, dieckol clearly reversed the high-level ampicillin and penicillin resistance of MRSA. The MICs of ampicillin against two standard strains of MRSA were dramatically reduced from 512 to 0.5 μg/mL in combination with 1/4 MIC of dieckol (16 μg/mL). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices of ampicillin and penicillin were measured from 0.066 to 0.266 in combination with 8 or 16 μg/mL of dieckol against all tested MRSA strains, thereby suggesting that dieckol-ampicillin or dieckol-penicillin combinations exert a synergistic effect against MRSA. The results of this study indicate that dieckol, administered in combination with β-lactams, may prove effective in the treatment of MRSA infections. Our finding may also contribute to the development of an alternative phytotherapeutic anti-MRSA agent.     

Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis>

The antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P were investigated in this study. The experiment results showed the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Ag-NPs to S. aureus was 20 μg/ml. Moreover, when bacteria cells were exposed to 50 μg/ml Ag-NPs for 6 h, the cell DNA was condensed to a tension state and could have lost their replicating abilities. When S. aureus cells were exposed to 50 μg/ml Ag-NPs for 12 h, the cell wall was breakdown, resulting in the release of the cellular contents into the surrounding environments, and finally became collapsed. And Ag-NPs could reduce the enzymatic activity of respiratory chain dehydrogenase. Furthermore, the proteomic analysis showed that the expression abundance of some proteins was changed in the treated bacterial cell with Ag-NPs, formate acetyltransferase increased 5.3-fold in expression abundance, aerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased 6.5-fold, ABC transporter ATP-binding protein decreased 6.2-fold, and recombinase A protein decreased 4.9-fold.     

Antibacterial Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols on Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis>

The antibacterial effects of tea polyphenols (TPP) extracted from Korean green tea (Camellia sinensis) against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were evaluated. Characterization of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin for 30 S. aureus strains isolated from patients treated with oxacillin identified 13 strains with an oxacillin MIC ≥ 4 μg/mL as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (range: 8 to 512 μg/mL), while 17 strains were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (range: 0.25–0.5 μg/mL). The MICs of TPP ranged from 50 to 180 μg/mL for both the MSSA and the MRSA strains. The MICs of oxacillin for each of the 13 MRSA strains were reduced between 8- and 128-fold when these strains were coincubated with sub-MIC (≤0.5× MIC) levels of TPP, demonstrating that the combination of TPP plus oxacillin was synergistic for all of the clinical MRSA isolates. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis identified 14 extracellular proteins of MRSA-13 down-regulated and 3 proteins up-regulated by exposure to TPP. These studies demonstrate that TPP can differentially stimulate the expression of various proteins in these bacteria and synergize the bactericidal activity of oxacillin for MRSA.     

A novel series of 11-O-carbamoyl-3-O-descladinosyl clarithromycin derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole group: Design,synthesis and antibacterial evaluation

A series of novel 11-O-carbamoyl-3-O-descladinosyl clarithromycin derivatives bearing the 1,2,3-triazole group were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity. The antibacterial results indicated that most of the target compounds not only increased their activity against resistant bacterial strains, but also partially retained the activity against sensitive bacterial strains compared with clarithromycin. Among them, 13d had the best antibacterial activity against resistant strains, including Streptococcus pneumoniae B1 expressing the ermB gene (16 µg/mL), Streptococcus pneumoniae AB11 expressing the mefA and ermB genes (16 µg/mL) and Streptococcus pyogenes R1 (16 µg/mL), showing >16, 8 and 16-fold higher activity than that of CAM, respectively. Moreover, 13d and 13g exhibited the best antibacterial activity against sensitive bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (4 µg/mL) and Bacillus Subtilis ATCC9372 (1 µg/mL). The MBC results showed that the most promising compounds 13d and 13g exhibited antibacterial activity through bacteriostatic mechanism, while the time-kill kinetic experiment revealed bactericidal kinetics of 13g from microscopic point of view. In vitro antibacterial experiments and molecular docking results further confirmed that it was feasible to our initial design strategy by modifying the C-3 and C-11 positions of clarithromycin to increase the activity against resistant bacteria.     

Molecular design of antimicrobial peptides based on hemagglutinin fusion domain to combat antibiotic resistance in bacterial infection

Antimicrobial peptides are derived from the viral fusion domain of influenza virus hemagglutinin based on rational analysis of the intermolecular interaction between peptides and bacterial outer membrane. It is revealed that the isolated viral fusion domain is a negatively charged peptide HAfp^1‐23 that cannot effectively interact with the anionic membrane. Conversion of the native HAfp^1‐23 to a positively charged peptide HAfp^1‐23_KK by E11K/D19K mutation can promote the peptide‐membrane interaction substantially; this confers to the peptide a moderate antibacterial potency against antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains. Cyclization of the linear peptide HAfp^1‐23_KK results in a cyclic peptide cHAfp^1‐23_KK, which can largely minimize entropy penalty upon the peptide‐membrane binding by pre‐stabilizing peptide hairpin configuration in solvent, where the linear peptide would incur in a considerable conformational change/folding from intrinsic disorder (in water) to the structured hairpin conformation (in lipid). As might be expected, the cyclization considerably improves peptide antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration of 67 and 34 μg/mL against multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.     

Antibacterial activity of some salt marsh halophytes and mangrove plants against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves/shoots of five salt marsh halophytes and six mangroves was studied against methicillin resistant, clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. There was a clear comparability between the salt marsh halophytes and mangroves in their antibacterial action. The mangrove plants possessed higher antibacterial potency than the salt marsh halophytes. The highest activity was recorded with the methanol extract of Excoecaria agallocha followed by the methanol extracts of Aegiceras corniculatum, Lumnitzera racemosa and Ceriops decandra. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.125 to 4 mg/mL and 1 to 16 mg/mL for methanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. Further separation of active principle from the potent mangrove plant will be useful for the control of drug resistant strains of S. aureus.     

Ecofriendly preparation of silver nanoparticles-based nanocomposite stabilized by polysaccharides with antibacterial,antifungal and antiviral activities

In the present work, sustainable and green method was used to prepare silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), followed with incorporation into tertiary nanocomposite consisted of starch, oxidized cellulose and ethyl cellulose. The prepared tertiary silver-nanocomposite (Ag-NC) was fully characterized via instrumental analysis (UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM) and evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Ag-NC significantly suppressed growth of tested bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis)  as compared with controls. Antifungal activity revealed that the prepared tertiary Ag-NC has a promising antifungal activity towards unicellular (Candida albicans) and multicellular fungi  ( Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, A. flavus and A. fumigatus). In same line, both Ag-NC and free Ag-NPs have shown a dose-dependent reduction in Vero cell line with maximum non-toxic dose at 6.25 and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively. Both Ag-NPs and Ag-NC exhibited antiviral effects against Herpes simplex virus, Adenovirus and Coxsackie B virus in a dose-dependent manner. Combined treatment of Ag-NPs incorporated into tertiary nanocomposite based on starch, oxidized cellulose and ethyl cellulose opens new possibilities to be more efficient nanomaterials for preventing microbial growth. In conclusion, the prepared tertiary Ag-NC has a promising antibacterial, antifungal as well as antiviral activities.