Revision of the Genus Scopelogadus (Melamphaidae). 4. S. multilamellatus sp. n. and S. unispinis

Journal of Ichthyology - A new species Scopelogadus multilamellatus sp. n. has been described from the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean. The new species has a large number of pseudobranchial...     

Maytenus eritreana sp. nov. and M. addat (Loes.) comb. nov. (Celastraceae) from northern Ethiopia

The new species Maytenus eritreana Sebsebe is described from northern Ethiopia. The new combination M. addat (Loes.) Sebsebe is made; this species occurs in the central and southern highlands of Ethiopia. The distribution of the two species is mapped.     

Manihot pachycaulis sp. nov. (Euphorbiaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado

A new species of Manihot was discovered in the course of revising the taxonomy of some species of the genus occurring in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Its morphology resembles species which belong to different sections of the genus. However, a set of characters related to stem, leaves, inflorescences and flowers serves to differentiate it from the closest species, especially from M. falcata, to which it is most similar. The geographical distribution and conservation status of the new species as well as its flowering and fruiting period are also provided. Additionally, anatomical information about the aerial parts of the stem, a novelty regarding the wild species of the genus, is provided.     

Neottialges (Pelecanectes) ibisicola sp. n. (Acari: Hypoderidae) from the subcutaneous tissues of the white-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi (Ciconiiformes: Threskiornithidae)

Neottialges (Pelecanectes) ibisicola sp. n. is described from the subcutaneous tissues of the White-faced Ibis, Plegadis chihi, from west Texas. The new species is similar to N. (P.) plegadicola Fain, but differs from this and other species of the subgenus by idiosomal chaetotaxy, presence of a bifurcate apical extension on Tarsus III, solenidion phi on Tibia I less than 1/2 as long in the new species, lateroventral seta of Tibia I whiplike, structure of the genital sclerite and suckers, and presence of punctations on the dorsal idiosoma. The morphology and host-parasite relationships of the new species are compared with those of related species of hypopi from the host family Threskiornithidae.     

Cousinia brevicaulis sp. nov. (sect. Lasiandra) for the flora of Iran

Cousinia brevicaulis is described and illustrated as a new species from eastern Iran. This species belongs to the C. sect. Lasiandra Bunge as defined by hairy anther tube, yellow, pale yellow or rarely milky flowers, monocarpic growth form and corymbose branching of stem. It is easily distinguished from other species of the section by its very short‐stemmed habit. The new species is distributed in the same region as other species of C. sect. Lasiandra.     

Cryptosporidium fayeri n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from the Red Kangaroo (Macropus rufus)

The morphology and infectivity of the oocysts of a new species of Cryptosporidium from the faeces of the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) are described. Oocysts are structurally indistinguishable from those of Cryptosporidium parvum. Oocysts of the new species are passed fully sporulated, lack sporocysts, and measure 4.5-5.1 microm (mean=4.9) x 3.8-5.0 microm (mean=4.3 microm) with a length to width ratio 1.02:1.18 (mean 1.14) (n=50). Oocysts were not infectious for neonate ARC Swiss mice. Multi-locus analysis of numerous unlinked loci demonstrated this species to be distinct (90.64%-97.88% similarity) from C. parvum. Based on biological and molecular data, this Cryptosporidium infecting marsupials is proposed to be a new species Cryptosporidium fayeri n. sp.     

Crassophyllum thessalonicae sp.n. (Octocorallia, Pennatulacea), from the Aegean Sea

A new pennatulacean species, Crassophyllum thessalonicae sp.n. is described from the Mediterranean (North Aegean Sea). This is the first record of a Crassophyllum Tixier-Duri vault, 1961 species from the Mediterranean Sea. The differences between the new species and C. cristatum Tixier-Durivault, 1961, the other known species of the genus, are discussed, and the genus Crassophyllum is critically compared with the other two related genera Pteroeides Herklots, 1858 and Sarcoptilus Gray, 1848.     

Pararhinebothroides hobergi n. gen. n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) in Urobatis tumbesensis (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) from coastal Ecuador.

A new species of tetraphyllidean eucestode inhabiting Urobatis tumbesensis from inshore waters of southeastern Ecuador shares 3 synapomorphies with Rhinebothroides spp.: apical bothridial suckers poorly differentiated from the marginal loculi, internal seminal vesicles, and insertion of the vas deferens dorsally closer to the poral than the aporal end of the cirrus sac. The new species differs from Rhinebothroides spp. by lacking medial bothridial septa and loculi and having symmetrical ovarian arms, and possesses an apparent autapomorphic trait by having the vas deferens tapering to a narrow tube before entering the cirrus sac, extending posteriorly to the posterior end of the cirrus sac where it expands into an external seminal vesicle running ventral to the cirrus sac anteriorly to anterior to the vagina. In Rhinebothroides spp., the vas deferens is expanded into an external seminal vesicle near the insertion into the cirrus sac As the sister group of Rhinebothroides, we propose a new genus to accommodate the new species. Phylogenetic evaluation of phyllobothriids recently assigned to Anthocephalum shows that they represent a paraphyletic assemblage of species of varying degrees of relatedness to Rhinebothroides spp. and the new species. Uncovering the relationships of the new species and the various species assigned to Anthocephalum permitted reevaluation of character transformations used in previous phylogenetic analysis of Rhinebothroides. Transformation series for 3 characters, previously based on functional outgroup comparisons, changed and a new character, length of cirrus sac, was added. The new phylogenetic analysis differs from the previous hypothesis only in placing R. scorzai as the sister species of R. circularisi + R. venezuelae + R. moralarai rather than of R. freitasi + R. glandularis + R. mclennanae. The occurrence of the sister species of Rhinebothroides in a Pacific Ocean stingray adds additional support to the hypothesis of Pacific origins of South American freshwater stingrays.     

Brachystelma annamacharyae sp. nov. (Apocynaceae) from the Seshachalam hills of Andhra Pradesh (India)

Brachystelma annamacharyae K. Prasad, Prasanna, Meve, Sankara Rao & T. Thulasaiah, a new species from the Sanipaya beat in the Seshachalam hills in Andhra Pradesh (India) is described and illustrated. The new species shares the long filiform pedicels, reflexed corolla lobes and an exposed corona with its most closely allied species, B. swarupa from Kerala and B. ciliatum from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, but differs from these by generally dwarfed and completely glabrous vegetative parts and uniflowered inflorescences, therby resembling certain South African species of the genus.     

Petasiger oschmarini n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in the grebes Podiceps grisegena (Bod.) and P. auritus (L.) (Aves: Podicipedidae) from Kamchatka,Russia

A re-examination of three sets of trematodes collected in two species of grebes, Podiceps grisegena and P. auritus, from the Kamchatka region of eastern Russia, previously identified as Petasiger neocomense, revealed that they actually represent a new species, which is named Petasiger oschmarini. Characteristic morphological features of the new species include: a head collar possessing a constant number of 19 spines; a large cirrus-sac comparable in size to the ventral sucker, containing a bipartite seminal vesicle and a well-developed pars prostatica; a large bulb-like cirrus similar in size to the testes; a long forebody; a long oesophagus; testes situated obliquely or symmetrically; and lateral vitelline fields which are not confluent in the forebody. The new species is distinguished from all Palaearctic and Nearctic members of Petasiger which possess 19 collar spines. The material described by Oschmarin (1950) as P. neocomense is considered to be conspecific.     

Pseudolunularia gen.n. (Cheilostomata), a IunuIitiform bryozoan from the Indo-West Pacific

A new genus of anascan lunulitiform bryozoan, Pseudolunularia . is introduced for two new species, P. enigma and P. unguis . It is inferred that live colonies both possess basal rhizoids and are supported and stabilized by elongate avicularian mandibles. The autozooids, brooding zooids and avicularia of both species bear a striking resemblance to a parallel pair of species belonging to the genus Lunularia, L. repandus and L. cupulus .     

Infrageneric classification of the genus Gaultheria L. (Ericaceae)

The genus Gaultheria has been classified into ten sections (one with two subsections) and 22 series of which five are new combinations and 21 are new taxa. Seven of these sections are composed primarily of solitary flowered species and the other three sections of racemose species. About half of the species of the genus are included in section Brossaea. A summary of the classification is here presented.     

Narcinecotyle longifilamentus n. gen., n. sp. (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae), gill parasite of the numbfish Narcine entemedor (Torpediniformes: Narcinidae) from the Mexican Pacific coast

A new genus and species of Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 is described from specimens infecting the gill of the numbfish Narcine entemedor Jordan and Starks from the Pacific coast of Mexico. In addition to the new taxon described here, species of 8 genera also display symmetrical haptors and have eggs with two polar filaments. However, they differ in the combination of the following features: distal portion of the male copulatory organ tubular, unarmed and proximally dilated confining an internal coiled duct, as well as dorsal origin of haptoral appendix. Based on molecular data derived from 3 loci, the mitochondrial Cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 as well as the nuclear ribosomal 18S and 28S, the new species was found nested within Hexabothriidae together with the other 4 genera with representatives in GenBank. This is the first species of Hexabothriidae reported from a species of Narcinidae.     

New Discoveries of the Genus Hippophae L. (Elaeagnaceae)

This paper represents new discoveries of the genus Hippophae L, including two new sections: i. e. Sect. I. Hippophae and Sect. II. Gyantsenses Lian, a new rank species H. gyantsensis (Rousi) Lian, as well as a new record of H. rhamnoides L. subsp. turkestanica Rousi in Gansu. Besides, a key to the sections and species is provided and an account of the new classification scheme on the genus is given.     

Evolvulus flavus sp. nov. (Convolvulaceae) from the Brazilian Caatinga

Evolvulus flavus is a new species of Convolvulaceae found in the semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil. It is characterized by flowers with a yellow corolla and 4‐locular ovary. Illustrations and taxonomic notes are presented. Only four individuals of this new species have been located, resulting in its classification as ‘Endangered’ (EN) in accordance with the IUCN criteria.     

国产赖草属的分类修订

通过标本研究和野外考察,对中国赖草属（Leymus Hochst.）进行了分类修订。结果在中国共确认了3组、33种、7变种赖草属植物,其中多穗组包含4种,少穗组包含24种、7变种,单穗组包含5种,新报道的3个种和新修订的4个类群（即3个新组合和1个新名称）皆隶于少穗组。同时对赖草属的研究简史、属的形态特征和一些类群的地理分布也分别作了简要介绍。     

Description and DNA barcoding of Tipula ( Pterelachisus) recondita sp. n. from the Palaearctic region (Diptera, Tipulidae)

Tipula (Pterelachisus) recondita Pilipenko & Salmela, sp. n. is described. The new species is collected from two localities: Finland, Kittilä (North boreal ecoregion) and Russia, Primorski kray (Zone of temperate broadleaf and mixed forests). Although variation in the structure of male hypopygium between the Finnish and Russian populations is observed, DNA barcode sequences differ only by three nucleotides (0.2 % K2P distance), supporting presence of one widespread species. K2P minimum distances between the new species and 17 other species of the subgenus range from 5.3 to 15.8 % (mean 8.8 %). The new species is forest-dwelling, known from an old-growth herb-rich forest (Finland) and Quercus mongolica forest (Russia). The new species is perhaps closest to Tipula (Pterelachisus) imitator Alexander and in lesser extent to Tipula (Pterelachisus) pauli Mannheims; the inner gonostylus of both species are illustrated.     

Capillaria procyonis sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichuridae) from the esophagus of the raccoon, Procyon lotor.

A new species of nematode, Capillaria procyonis, is described from the esophageal epithelium of the raccoon in southern Louisiana. This species is distinguished from other similar mammalian capillarids found in this location by the terminal location of the anus and more posterior postion of the vulva in the female. In the male there is a much longer cirrus and spicule and a unique bursalike expansion of the posterior extremity. The systematics and biological implications of the new species are discussed in relation to similar forms from carnivorous and insectivorous mammals.