New and Little-Known Species of Deep-sea Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the North-West Atlantic

Eight species of Tubificidae are reported from deep-sea samples taken south of Massachusetts. Phallodrilus grasslei sp. n., with heavily muscular vasa deferentia, and penial setae, two per bundle, oriented with ectal ends obliquely pointing towards the anterior, and P. rostratus sp. n., with a long and narrow, snout-like prostomium, heavily muscular, tripartite atria, and small, hooked penial setae, about five per bundle, are described. Phallodrilus biparis Erséus, previously known only from off France in the north-east Atlantic, is reported and depicted. Taxonomic notes are provided for Adelodrilus voraginus (Cook), A. fimbriatus Erséus, Bathydrilus asymmetricus Cook, and B. atlanticus Erséus. The depth distribution of all eleven deep-sea tubificid species known to occur south of Massachusetts are briefly discussed.     

A New Species of Lanternfish (Osteichthyes, Myctophidae) from the South Atlantic

Lampichthys rutkovichi sp.n. is described from two stations over the Wal vis Ridge, southeast Atlantic Ocean. It differs from the only other species in this genus, L. procerus (Brauer, 1904), by the structure and size of its caudal luminous glands, the structure of the medial side of the otolith (sagitta), the proportion of otolith length to body length and the number of gill rakers on the first gill arch.     

Three New Species of Phytotelm-Breeding Melanophryniscus from the Atlantic Rainforest of Southern Brazil (Anura: Bufonidae)

Three new species of Melanophryniscus are described from the Serra do Mar mountain range of the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. All species are found at intermediate to high altitudes and share phytotelm-breeding as their reproductive strategy. The new species are distinguished from other phytotelm-breeding Melanophryniscus based on different combinations of the following traits: snout-vent length, presence of white and/or yellow spots on forearms, mouth, belly and cloaca, pattern and arrangement of warts, and presence and number of corneous spines. The discovery of these species in a rather restricted geographical area suggests that the diversity of phytotelm-breeding species of Melanophryniscus might be severely underestimated. The conservation status of these species is of particular concern, given that one of them is at risk of extinction not only due to its restricted habitat, but also because of anthropogenic disturbances.     

Diversity and Systematics of Schizomavella Species (Bryozoa: Bitectiporidae) from the Bathyal NE Atlantic

Eight NE Atlantic and Mediterranean species, which were originally assigned to the genus Schizoporella (Family Schizoporellidae) when introduced, are redescribed and stabilized by typification. Seven of these species are transferred to the bitectiporid genus Schizomavella: S. fischeri, S. glebula, S. neptuni, S. obsoleta, S. richardi, S. triaviculata, and S. triaviculata var. paucimandibulata, which is here raised to species rank. The eighth species, Schizoporella fayalensis, is transferred to the lanceoporid genus Stephanotheca. Schizomavella obsoleta and S. glebula are considered junior subjective synonyms of S. fischeri and S. richardi, respectively. Two new species are described: Schizomavella rectangularis n. sp. from the Strait of Gibraltar, and Schizomavella phterocopa n. sp. from the Great Meteor Bank. A new subgenus, Calvetomavella n. subgen. is established as a result of a phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characters; it includes S. neptuni, S. triaviculata, S. paucimandibulata and S. phterocopa n. sp., together with Schizomavella discoidea and Schizomavella noronhai. The rest of the species remain in the nominotypical subgenus Schizomavella.     

New Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the North Atlantic Ocean. V. Three New Species of Metahuntemannia Smirnov (Cletodidae)

Metahuntemannia triarticulata sp.n., M. arctica sp.n. and M. bifida sp.n. arc described. M. triurficulata and M. arctica belong to the 'spinosa' group within the genus Metahuntemannia Smirnov. From the closely related species, M. triarticulata differs in the possession of 3-segmented Enp P3, M. arctica in the segmentation of the Al, and both new species in the setation of their swimming legs P1–P5. M. hifida belongs to the 'talpa' group within Metahuntemannia and differs from the closely related species in the setation of the swimming legs P2–P4. The species relationships and the phylogeny within the genus are discussed. All species were collected at the Iceland-Faroe Ridge from depths between 435 and 2500 m.     

Discovery of Photonectes uncinatus on the Walvis Ridge (Southeast Atlantic) and Species Redescription (Melanostomiidae)

Journal of Ichthyology - The second specimen of the rare species Photonectes uncinatus, previously known only by the holotype from the Rio Grande Rise (Southwest Atlantic), was discovered in the...     

Species of the genus Thrips from India (Thysanoptera)

Abstract. The species of Thrips Linnaeus from the Indian region are revised, and a key is provided to the thirty-three valid species, including eight new species and one new subspecies, Eight species customarily included in Taenio-thrips Amyot & Serville are here included in Thrips and six species are newly placed in synonymy: Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) (= Thrips exilicornis Hood from Africa); Thrips palmi Karny (= leucadophilus Priesner from Sudan); Thrips brunneus Anan. & Jaga. ( =speratus zur Strassen from South West Africa); Thrips tabaci Lind.(= kallarensis (Anan.) from India); Thrips sumatrensis Priesner (= lucaenae Moulton from Guam); Thrips simplex (Morison) (= Taeniothrips quinani Moulton from South Africa). Isoneurothrips Bagnall is regarded as a synonym of Thrips , and Isothrips is treated as a synonym rather than as a sub-genus. Two nominal species, beharensis (Ram. & Marg.) and rostratus (Ram. & Marg.) are considered unrecognizable at present.     

126 Porphyra Birdiae Neefus et Mathieson (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): A New Species from the Northwest Atlantic

Recent studies combining biochemical, molecular, and traditional morphological and ecological traits have shown that some currently recognized species of the red algal genus Porphyra are actually "form species" or "complexes" comprising several morphologically similar but genetically distinct taxa. Conflicting reports of chromosome numbers and differences in DNA sequences reported for Porphyra purpurea (Roth) C. Agardh have raised suspicion that more than one taxon has been confused under this name in the Northwest Atlantic. We have identified one of these cryptic taxa and have recently described it as a new species, Porphyra birdiae . Like P. purpurea (Roth) C. Agardh, it has an ovate to broadly elongate, foliose blade with reproductive areas segregated by a distinct line into male and female sectors. While reproductive specimens have historically been confused with P. purpurea , non-reproductive specimens of P. birdiae have been incorrectly identified as P. umbilicalis Kützing. Although P. birdiae is morphologically similar to both of these species, sequences of SSU (nuclear small subunit rRNA gene) and rbc L (plastid ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit gene) indicate that it is not closely related to either one. Based on rbc L sequences, P. birdiae is closely related to P. aestivalis Lindstrom et Fredericq, a proposed new species from Alaska.     

The Mouthparts in Some North Atlantic Species of the Genus Orchomene Boeck (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

The mouthparts of five North Atlantic species of the genus Orchomene have been studied in detail. The species are: O. serrata (Boeck, 1861), O. amblyops G. O. Sars, 1890, O. crispata (Goes, 1866). O. humilis (A. Costa, 1853) and O. pectinate. G. O. Sars, 1882. The structure of the mandibular molar has been studied with the aid of the scanning electron microscope. Some features of the mouthparts, common to the species examined, are interpreted as generic criteria which should justify retaining the genus Orchomene Boeck, 1870, separated from the closely related genera OrchomeneUa G. O. Sars, 1890, and Orchomenopsis G. O. Sars. 1891.     

Species delimitation and DNA barcoding of Atlantic Ensis (Bivalvia,Pharidae)

Ensis Schumacher, 1817 razor shells occur at both sides of the Atlantic and along the Pacific coasts of tropical west America, Peru, and Chile. Many of them are marketed in various regions. However, the absence of clear autapomorphies in the shell and the sympatric distributions of some species often prevent a correct identification of specimens. As a consequence, populations cannot be properly managed, and edible species are almost always mislabelled along the production chain. In this work, we studied whether the currently accepted Atlantic Ensis morphospecies are different evolutionary lineages, to clarify their taxonomic status and enable molecular identifications through DNA barcoding. For this, we studied 109 specimens sampled at 27 sites, which were identified as belonging to nine of those morphospecies. We analysed nucleotide variation at four nuclear (18S, 5.8S, ITS1, and ITS2) and two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) regions, although the 18S and 5.8S regions were not informative at the species level and were not further considered. The phylogenetic trees and networks obtained supported all morphospecies as separately evolving lineages. Phylogenetic trees recovered Ensis at each side of the Atlantic as reciprocally monophyletic. Remarkably, we confirm the co‐occurrence of the morphologically similar E. minor (Chenu, 1843) and E. siliqua (Linné, 1758) along the NW Iberian coast, a fact that has been often overlooked. In South America, a relevant divergence between E. macha (Molina, 1792) individuals from Chile and Argentina was unveiled and suggests incipient speciation. We also confirm the occurrence of the North American species E. directus (Conrad, 1843) as far south as north‐eastern Florida. Among the genomic regions analysed, we suggest COI as the most suitable DNA barcode for Atlantic Ensis. Our results will contribute to the conservation and management of Ensis populations and will enable reliable identifications of the edible species, even in the absence of the valves. The name Ensis coseli Vierna nom. nov. is proposed to replace E. minor Dall, 1899 non (Chenu, 1843).     

New Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the North Atlantic Ocean. VI. Eight New Species of the Genera Paranannopus Lang and Cylindronannopus Coull (Cletodidae)

Paranannopus trisetosus sp.n., P. singulosetosus sp.n., P. denticulatus sp.n., P. uniarticulatus sp.n., P. variabilis sp.n., P. kunzi sp.n. and Cylindronunnopus bispinosus sp.n. are described and classified to the three evolutionary groups within the genus Paranannopus. P. variabilis, P. kunzi and P. hicksi belong to the first evolutionary group with Enp P2-P4 3:3:2-segmented. All three species differ from each other and the closely related species in the setation of the swimming legs P1-P5 and to some extent in the segmentation of the Al. P. trisetosus belongs to the second group with Enp P2-P4 2-segmented, and it differs from the closely related P. atlanticus Coull in the setation of the segment 2 Exp P1, P4 and of the P5. P. singulosetosus, P. uniarticulatus and P. denriculutus represent the third evolutionary group with at most I-segmented Enp P2-P4. They differ from each other in the segmentation of the Enp P2-P4 and the setation of the swimming legs P2-P4 and to some extent in the segmentation of the Exp A2. Cylindronunnopus bispinosus differs from the closely related species C. elongatus (Becker et al. ) comb.n. in the setation of the P5. Updated keys are given for both genera. All species were collected at the Iceland-Faroe Ridge from depths between 435 and 2500 m.     

Lobophora (Dictyotales) Species Richness,Ecology and Biogeography Across the North-Eastern Atlantic Archipelagos and Description of Two New Species1

The brown alga Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) is an important macroalga in the North-eastern Atlantic archipelagos (i.e., Macaronesia). Notably in the Canaries it can dominate benthic assemblages. While the genus has been the subject of several ecological studies in the Canaries, no study has yet been conducted to assess species-level diversity of Lobophora in Macaronesia. We reassessed the diversity of Lobophora in Macaronesia, reporting the presence of seven species (L. caboverdeana sp. nov., L. canariensis, L. dagamae sp. nov., L. delicata, L. dispersa, L. littlerorum, and L. schneideri). Lobophora spp. from Macaronesia are morphologically and ecologically distinguishable. In the Canaries, L. schneideri dominates the photophilic assemblages from the intertidal to 20-30 m depth. Lobophora dagamae sp. nov. grows in less illuminated shallow habitats, and replaces L. schneideri from 30 to ~80 m. Lobophora canariensis also has a wide vertical distribution, from the intertidal to deep waters, while L. delicata, L. dispersa and L. littlerorum grow in shallow waters. The dominance of species with an upright habit versus prostrate or crustose species may be mediated by the pressure of herbivores. Four species have an amphi-Atlantic distribution: L. littlerorum, L. canariensis, L. delicata, and L. schneideri. Lobophora schneideri and L. delicata are furthermore distributed in the Mediterranean Sea. By sampling a pivotal region in the Atlantic, this study significantly improves our knowledge of Lobophora biogeography in the Atlantic Ocean. Macaronesia constitutes a species–poor region for Lobophora where no diversification events occurred, and a region of overlap between the Greater Caribbean and the Indo-Pacific.     

New Deep-sea Leptognathiid Tanaids (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) from the North-east Atlantic

Three new genera ( Araphura, Leptognathioides and Stenotanais ) and six new species of tanaid crustaceans from below 1000 m depth in the north-east Atlantic are described. Two of the new species belong to the genus Leptognathiella Hansen, 1913, which is redescribed and removed from synonymy with Leptognathia Sars, 1882 ( sensu Lang 1968). These species are relatively common in the tanaid material examined and have a widespread distribution in the area under study, i.e. the Rockall Trough, Porcupine Seabight and Bay of Biscay. All six species are found at depths between 2070 and 2892 m. A further nine species previously belonging to the genus Leptognathia are removed to the new genera or to Leptognathiella. New records of Leptognathioides polita (Hansen, 1913) comb.n. and Leptognathiella abyssi (Hansen, 1913) have been obtained.     

New Species of Batfish from the Genus Halieutaea (Ogcocephalidae) from Vietnam

Journal of Ichthyology - A new species of batfish Halieutaea dromedaria sp. n from the waters of Vietnam is described. It differs from other representatives of the genus by the presence of a...     

A New Species of Pterandra (Malpighiaceae) from the Guayana Highland

Pterandra sericea, a new species from southeastern Venezuela and western Guyana, is described, illustrated, and compared with its nearest relative,P. flavescens, another species of the Guayana Highland.     

New Eustomias Species (Melanostomiidae) from New Caledonia

Journal of Ichthyology - From the Coral Sea, Eustomias natalisa sp. n. species was described, which belongs to the Dinematochirus subgenus and is closest to E. paxtoni. It differs from all species...     

Species richness of marine Bryozoa in the continental shelf and slope off Argentina (south-west Atlantic)

Abstract.  A total of 246 marine bryozoan species was recorded within an area of the south-west Atlantic between 35° and 56°S, and between the coast of Argentina and 50°W. The distribution pattern of benthic stations surveyed during the most important cruises in the area shows that the sampling effort has been biased towards southern shelf areas off Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego, as well as around the Malvinas (Falkland) islands. The littoral zone, Patagonian gulfs and the continental shelf off Chubut, Río Negro and Buenos Aires state received less attention, and should be surveyed more intensively in the future. Only 2% of the species can be regarded as non-indigenous, all of them inhabiting biofouling communities in harbour environments. With the exception of some thoroughly surveyed localities, the number of species recorded for different areas of the coast, shelf and slope is estimated to be just a small fraction of the actual number of species present. A distinct diversity gradient was found, with species-rich stations located only in the southern shelf. Highest diversity occurred in shelf areas dominated by coarse sediments, and along a high-productivity shelf-break front. A remarkable decrease in species richness was found in inner and middle shelf areas off Chubut, Río Negro and Buenos Aires state. This pattern may be related to the Pacific origin of the Magellanic fauna, since the diversity of bryozoans is higher in the Pacific than in the Atlantic Ocean. The trend of species richness is, however, overemphasized by the fact that the least diverse faunistic assemblage occurs in areas where surveys have been relatively less frequent. An up-to-date checklist of species recorded for the study area is included.     

Anatomy and Taxonomy of Some Species of Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from N. Atlantic and Mediterranean Coastal Areas

Acrorhynchides styliferus sp.n. from Norway and the British Isles and Polycystis contorta sp.n. and Typhlopolycystis coomansi sp.n. from Norway and the Mediterranean are described. Additional notes are given on the anatomy and distribution of Paracrorhynchus bergensis Karling, Polycystis groenlandica (Levinsen), P. crocea (Fabricius) and Typhlopolycystis mediterranea Brunet. The taxonomy of the species and the corresponding genera is discussed.     

A New Species of Halophilous Collembola (Insecta) from Korea

Three species of interstitial Collembola in Entomobryidae were identified from South Korean coast. One of them, Sinella (Coecobrya) maritima, is new to science. So far 21 halophilous species in 10 families of Collembola, including the new species in this paper, were reported from the Korean peninsula.