云南开远新发现的腊玛古猿化石

本文描述的标本是1980年6月和1982年5月,在云南开远小龙潭晚中新世褐煤层中发现的古猿化石。标本有左下第一至第三臼齿列和一件带十二枚牙齿的上颌骨。从标本反映的形态特征观察,应归为腊玛古猿。     

南国英雄树——木棉

木棉(Gossampinus malabarica ),别名红棉、英雄树、攀枝花、烽火树,木棉科落叶大乔木,树高30—40米,胸径可达1米以上;干直,枝轮生、平展;幼年树干和树枝有短而粗的扁圆锥形皮刺;掌状复叶互生,长椭圆形小叶5—7片,长 7—17厘米,全缘。叶柄与叶片等长或稍长;两性花簇生于枝端,花直径可达12厘米;花萼5裂;花瓣5枚,厚肉质,向外面为乳白色,向内面呈鲜红、金黄色;花瓣基部包着绿色的革质花萼;一朵花内有数十枚雄蕊和一枚雌蕊。花期为3—4月,单花花期长,然后整朵脱落;蒴果木质,椭圆形,长10—15厘米,果瓣内有绵毛。果实在6月成熟,成熟时开裂为5个果…     

谷子地方品种和育成品种的遗传多样性研究

对河南、河北和山东等地的482份谷子地方品种和近30年培育的谷子品种的11个形态性状和农艺性状进行种植观察,研究两类品种的遗传多样性。与地方品种相比,育成品种形态性状的多样性指数大多低于地方品种,育成品种的株高比地方品种显著降低,稳重、穗粒重和出谷率等性状显著提高。地方品种的广泛变异类型是现代谷子育种的重要遗传资源。     

木棉素的分离与晶体结构

从木棉科植物木棉(Gossmpinus malabarica(DC.)Mer)的叶中首次分离纯化得到木棉素(Gossampinusxanthone)。经元素分析、波谱数据和X-射线单晶衍射分析,确认该化合物为1,3,6,7-四羟基-2-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基口山酮(1,3,6,7-terahydroxy-2-β-D-glucopyanosyl-xanthone)。C19H18O11,M=422.34。晶体属斜方晶系,空间群P21212。晶胞参数a=7.265(5),b=30.086(4),c=8.342(2),V=1822(2)3,Z=4,Dc=1.54g/cm3,F(000)=880。木棉素分子由平面口山酮基和椅式葡萄糖基通过C(2)-C(1′)键连接而成。两基团的两个最小二乘平面间的夹角约为76.5°。存在分子内氢键O┄H…O的同时,也有分子间O┄H…O氢键。     

木棉的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

木棉(Bombax ceiba L.)为木棉科木棉属植物,主要含有黄酮类、有机酸类、甾体类、三萜类、香豆素类等化学成分,具有镇痛、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌消炎、保肝等药理活性。本文通过查阅近年来国内外的相关文献,对木棉化学成分及药理活性的相关研究进行了整理和总结,为其进一步开发和利用提供一定的科学依据和理论基础。     

木棉的SSR引物开发

木棉是分布于热带地区的重要经济树种。通过磁珠富集方法开发了木棉的SSR引物,并在采自于西南干热河谷的32个木棉个体中进行了多态性验证。结果表明:这些位点等位基因数量为2～6个,期望杂合度和观测杂合度范围分别为0～0.525和0.121～0.561。仅有一个位点显示Hardy-Weinberg平衡的偏离。这些微卫星标记的开发在木棉属中尚属首次,对于木棉的野生种群遗传多样性研究和木棉遗传资源利用上有很高的潜在价值。     

广西玉米地方品种调查

对广西省11个县市及16个乡镇的玉米地方品种进行调查,收集玉米地方品种43份.总结了当地农户种植玉米地方品种的经验以及农民坚持种植地方品种的主要原因.建议制定适宜的保存及利用玉米地方品种的鼓励机制,支持农户继续种植本地的玉米地方品种,以便保护广西的玉米品种多样性,促进生物遗传资源多样性利用的可持续发展.     

中国花生地方品种与育成品种的遗传多样性

以中国花生小核心种质中涉及来源于中国本土的145份地方品种和67份育成品种为材料,应用SSR技术从206对SSR引物中筛选出25对扩增效果好的多态性引物进行检测,并对其进行遗传多样性分析比较.结果表明:(1)地方品种与育成品种各具有特殊带型及各自独特的遗传特性.相似系数和多态性信息量均表明,地方品种的多样性比育成品种丰富,其中:地方品种之间的相似系数为0.57～0.99,平均0.795,多态性信息量0.530 0;育成品种之间的相似系数0.63～0.99,平均0.810,多态性信息量0.463 3.地方品种与育成品种之间的平均相似系数为0.794,变异范围0.56～0.99.(2)对不同生态区来源的分析表明,除黄河流域外其他各生态区地方品种的观测等位基因数和遗传多样性指数(分别为2.740 7～3.518 5和0.816 4～0.879 4)均比育成品种的对应值(分别为1.7012～2.145 6和0.4829～0.802 2)大,并以长江流域生态区地方品种的观测等位基因数和遗传多样性指数最大,分别为3.518 5和0.879 4.(3)聚类分析结果表明,花生核心种质中,中国本土资源分为3个品种群,即地方品种密枝亚种群、地方品种疏枝亚种群和育成品种群,与花生的亚种分类一致.(4)通过遗传多样性分析,鉴定出一批遗传差异较大的材料,其中zhh1398与zhh0041的遗传差异最大,相似系数为0.56,为花生品种的遗传改良及作图群体的构建奠定了基础.     

中国水稻地方品种与选育品种遗传多样性的比较分析

利用98对SSR标记对202份中国水稻地方品种和选育品种的遗传多样性进行比较分析.结果显示供试品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性,共检测到等位基因1350个,每个位点的等位基因数(Na)变化范围为3～ 39,平均14个;Nei基因多样性指数变化范围(He)为0.125 ～0.955,平均0.733;多态信息量(PIC)变化范围为0.122 ～0.953,平均0.680;稀有等位基因数(Nr)913个;等位基因丰度(Rs)8.33.栽培稻地方品种和选育品种遗传多样性差异明显,地方品种等位基因数、Nei基因多样性指数、多态信息量、稀有等位基因数和等位基因丰度(Na=1219,He=0.747,PIC=0.710,Nr=756,Rs =8.50)均高于选育品种(Na =919,He =0.704,PIC =0.650,Nr=529,Rs =7.01).各染色体组水平的遗传多样性分析表明,选育品种仅在1号染色体上的遗传多样性高于地方品种,进一步分析显示选育品种的遗传改良在基因组水平上具有区间特异性.     

陕南茶树栽培区域生态与地方品种分布

陕南秦巴山区是亚热带北缘地区。由于生态环境复杂,地区差异性大,茶树栽培与引种受到一定限制。大致以汉江谷地粮作区为界,南部大巴山北麓低山丘陵区为适栽区;北部秦岭南麓低山丘陵区则为次适栽区。地方茶树群体品种有7个,约由28个地方品种组成,呈斑、块状分布。     

Hop: more than an Hsp70/Hsp90 adaptor protein

Molecular chaperones facilitate the correct folding of other proteins under physiological and stress conditions. Recently it has become evident that various co-chaperone proteins regulate the cellular functions of these chaperones, particularly Hsp70 and Hsp90. Hop is one of the most extensively studied co-chaperones that is able to directly associate with both Hsp70 and Hsp90. The current dogma proposes that Hop functions primarily as an adaptor that directs Hsp90 to Hsp70-client protein complexes in the cytoplasm. However, recent evidence suggests that Hop can also modulate the chaperone activities of these Hsps, and that it is not dedicated to Hsp70 and Hsp90. While the co-chaperone function of Hop within the cytoplasm has been extensively studied, its association with nuclear complexes and prion proteins remains to be elucidated. This article will review the structural features of Hop, and the evidence that its biological function is considerably broader than previously envisaged.     

BRCT domains: A little more than kin, and less than kind

BRCT domains are versatile protein modular domains found as single units or as multiple copies in more than 20 different proteins in the human genome. Interestingly, most BRCT-containing proteins function in the same biological process, the DNA damage response network, but show specificity in their molecular interactions. BRCT domains have been found to bind a wide array of ligands from proteins, phosphorylated linear motifs, and DNA. Here we discuss the biology of BRCT domains and how a domain-centric analysis can aid in the understanding of signal transduction events in the DNA damage response network.     

Some more equal than others

Publishers have varying policies as to when published articles become freely available to the public, but it seems that within any one publishing group the free access policy should be the same for all authors.     

SynV and SynX: A story more than DNA synthesis

正Genomes have been studied by biologists for decades with a goal to decipher the origin,evolution,and nature of life on earth.These studies often rely on genetic manipulations such as deletions and insertions(a top-down approach),but recent advances in DNA synthesis provide a new option—whole genome synthesis(a bottom-up approach).While several bacterial and viral genomes have been successfully