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1.
中国石蕊属地衣的地理学分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
郭守玉 《菌物系统》2000,19(2):193-199
将中国92种石蕊属地衣划分为8个地理成分:广面成分19种,占总种数的21%,环北极成分32种(35%),泛热带成分8种(9%),欧亚成分5种(5%),东亚-北美成分7种(8%),东亚成分13种(14%),中国喜马拉雅成分1种(1%),中国特有成分7种(7%)。对中国石蕊属地衣所属的主要地理成分的形成2进行了初步讨论,提出东亚特有种云南石蕊(Cladonia yunnana)和北美特有种拟胀石蕊(C  相似文献   

2.
王春晓  孙美洁  赵遵田 《广西植物》2020,40(12):1833-1837
通过对采自云南省景东彝族自治县无量山地衣标本的研究,发现了橙衣属的一个中国新记录Caloplaca indica(三室类型孢子)和果衣属的一个中国新记录种Ramboldia haematitesR. haematites在福建和广西同样存在。该文详细描述了其形态学、解剖学和化学方面的特征,并且提供了显微结构照片。本研究丰富了云南、福建和广西地衣的物种多样性,为橙衣属和果衣属地衣分类学研究提供基础数据和可靠资料。所用标本存放在山东师范大学植物标本室(SDNU)。  相似文献   

3.
刘琳琳  左骐嘉  张璐璐 《广西植物》2023,43(7):1268-1275
为探讨中国腹枝衣属地衣的物种多样性,进一步明确其分布特征与种类组成,该研究通过野外调查及采集地衣标本,结合形态、解剖、化学等方法,对128份采自中国热带及亚热带地区多个省份的腹枝衣属(Herpothallon)地衣标本进行了分类鉴定,共鉴定出腹枝衣属地衣12种,其中南方腹枝衣 [H. australasicum (Elix)Elix & G. Thor]、颗粒腹枝衣(H. granulosum Jagadeesh Ram & G. P. Sinha)、喜马拉雅腹枝衣(H. himalayanum Jagadeesh & G. P. Sinha)、裂芽腹枝衣(H. isidiatum Jagadeesh Ram & G. P. Sinha)和小腹枝衣(H. minutum Jagadeesh)为中国新记录种。并且对该属所有已知(已报道和本次鉴定)种类进行综合分析。结果表明:(1)中国已知腹枝衣属地衣14种,占世界已报道种类的29.17%。(2)地理成分有5种类型,即泛热带分布、热带亚洲至热带澳大利亚分布、热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布、热带亚洲分布和中国特有分布。(3)中国腹枝衣属地衣主要分布在海拔300~2 500 m的范围内。(4)生长基物多为树皮,叶生、石生和藓生的物种较少。该研究结果表明,中国南方腹枝衣属地衣的物种多样性较高,这对明确中国该属地衣物种组成以及地衣多样性保护具有重要意义。  相似文献   

4.
郭守玉 《菌物学报》2000,19(2):193-199
将中国92种石蕊属地衣划分为8个地理成分:广布成分19种,占总种数的21%,环北极成分32种(35%),泛热带成分8种(9%),欧亚成分5种(5%),东亚-北美成分7种(8%),东亚成分13种(14%),中国喜马拉雅成分1种(1%),中国特有成分7种(7%)。对中国石蕊属地衣所属的主要地理成分的形成进行了初步讨论,提出东亚特有种云南石蕊(Cladoniayunnana)和北美特有种拟胀石蕊(C.transcendens)为一对地理替代种;比蒙氏石蕊(C.Beaumontii),圆筒石蕊(C.cylindrica),丛杯石蕊(C.mateocyatha)和大翅石蕊(C.macroptera)等4种为东亚-北美间断分布种。指出中国喜马拉雅成分戴氏石蕊(C.delavayi)及欧亚成分中的细枝石蕊(C.corymbescens)在中国分布的北界是秦岭山脉。  相似文献   

5.
采用形态解剖、化学等传统分类方法,对新疆天山的鳞网衣属地衣进行了初步研究,发现该属的3个种,其中脑状鳞网衣(Psora cerebriformis W. A. Weber)和小红褐色鳞网衣[Psora luridella (Tuck.) Fink]是中国新记录种。文中对鳞网衣属3个种进行了详细的描述,并提供了相关彩色图片。  相似文献   

6.
绒衣属(Coenogonium)地衣属于真菌界(Fungi)子囊菌门(Ascomycota)茶渍纲(Lecanoromycetes)厚顶盘亚纲(Ostropomycetidae)厚顶盘目(Ostropales)绒衣科(Coenogoniaceae),主要分布于热带和亚热带地区。综述了绒衣属地衣研究简史和中国研究概况;报道了中国该属10种地衣,其中1种为中国新记录种:疏羽绒衣(Coenogonium disjunctum)。对各种进行了描述和讨论,并给出了中国绒衣属的检索表和新记录种的图片。这是首次对中国绒衣属地衣的系统研究,为地衣型真菌分类学研究提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

7.
INTRODUCTION The lichen genus Lecanora is characterized by asci of the Lecanora-type, colorless ascospores, and crustose thalli;  相似文献   

8.
腹枝衣属(Herpothallon)分布在全球热带及亚热带地区,多生于潮湿、避光处。通过野外调查、采集,综合运用形态、解剖和化学等方法对该属地衣进行了分类学研究。发现中国新记录种3个,分别为灰色腹枝衣(H. cinereumG. Thor)、日本腹枝衣(H. japonicum(Zahlbr.) G. Thor)和昆士兰腹枝衣(H. queenslandicum(Elix) Elix)。描述了它们的分类学特征,提供了外部形态图,并编制了中国腹枝衣属地衣的分种检索表。  相似文献   

9.
贾泽峰  任强  赵遵田 《菌物学报》2008,27(4):619-621
<正>1 INTRODUCTION The genus Multiclavula R.H. Petersen is a member of the family Clavariaceae belonging to Agaricales in Basidiomycota. The Multiclavula was erected by Petersen (1967), who segregated it from Lentaria based on unbranched basidiomata of small size usually lichenized with algae.  相似文献   

10.
在形态和化学研究的基础上,结合分子生物学研究方法(ITS片段),对中国横断山地区的830号与蓝细菌共生的肺衣属标本进行了分类学研究,共发现3个新种;其中,横断山肺衣L. hengduanensis的主要特征是具粉芽化裂芽,无脊肺衣L. irrugulosa的网脊不明显,以及宽叶肺衣L. latilobulata的裂片顶端宽且钝圆;3个种在ITS系统发育树上分别形成独立小枝。文中提供了中国肺衣属中与蓝细菌共生的物种检索表。  相似文献   

11.
Rapoport's rule applied to an elevation gradient predicts a positive correlation between elevation ranges and elevation. This is supposed to be caused by the increasing magnitude of the climatic extremes at higher elevations, and thus, it is deduced that species richness should decrease with increasing elevation. The distribution of 614 tree species was used to test Rapoport's elevational rule along a gradient from 100 to 4300 m a.s.l., in the Nepalese Himalaya. The relationship between species richness and elevation was analysed by using generalized linear models (GLM). Generalized additive models (GAM) were used to examine the relationship between elevational range and the elevational mid-point of a species along the gradient. The widest elevation ranges are observed at mid-elevations, and narrow elevation ranges are observed at both ends of the gradient. This does not support Rapoport's elevation rule, as proposed by Stevens. There is a peak in species richness between 900 and 1000 m, and not in the tropical lowland as projected by Rapoport's elevation rule.  相似文献   

12.
邓红  魏江春 《菌物研究》2007,5(1):55-58
详细论述了地衣标本的采集、制作和保存方法及注意事项,同时阐明了在采集标本的同时进行共生菌和光合共生物分离培养的重要性。  相似文献   

13.
    
We analysed the geographic distribution of 645 species of marine benthic algae along the Atlantic coast of Europe and Pacific coast of temperate South America to test for the existence of an association between geographic range size and latitude (Rapoport's Rule) and for three key components of the explanations offered for it. We found that species in high diversity areas are characterized by small geographic ranges and by low specific growth rates as compared to species with large geographic ranges, thus supporting the Rapoport-rescue hypothesis. However, the pattern is not related to species' tolerances, to abiotic conditions or to climatic variability. Further, the inverse latitudinal diversity pattern shown by the marine algal flora of temperate Pacific South America, and the opposite patterns shown by tropical and subantarctic species within this flora, stressed that small geographic ranges are linked to high diversity areas in general, and not only in relation to the pole to tropic species diversity gradient.  相似文献   

14.
15.
报道了五大连池地区枝状地衣4属32种,其中圆鳞石蕊(Cladonia trassii Ahti)为中国新记录种,裸柄石蕊(Cladonia gymnopoda Vain.)为中国大陆新记录种,7种为黑龙江省新记录种。对32种地衣地理成分进行了分析,分属于6个地理成分:环北极成分(50%),广布成分(25%),东亚成分(9%),欧亚成分(6%),泛热带成分(6%),中国特有成分(3%);并对32种地衣的基物及分布特点进行了简要分析。  相似文献   

16.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The range size distributions of 6643 species in ten different fish and invertebrate taxa dwelling in pelagic (latitudinal range sizes) and benthic (latitudinal and depth range sizes) habitats on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean (80°N−70°S) were studied. The objectives were to analyse: (1) the range size distribution patterns for the various taxa and whether they have right/left skewed or lognormal distributions; (2) the geographical species distributions, to ascertain whether the distribution ranges change with latitude (Rapoport's rule); and (3) the relationship between the depth ranges of benthic species and their maximum depth of occurrence and how depth range size distributions change with latitude. The pelagic taxa exhibited larger range sizes than did the benthic taxa, continental slope/rise species excepted. On the other hand, the boundaries between geographical provinces for both benthic taxa and pelagic taxa tended to occur in association with major oceanographic processes. The shape of the latitudinal range frequency distributions (LRFDs) of the pelagic organisms were distinctly left‐skewed, and the LRFDs for most taxa were significantly different from lognormal. There was no common pattern for the distributions of the benthic organisms, which were lognormal in Cephalopoda, Stomatopoda, and Crustacea Decapoda and tended to be left‐skewed and significantly different from lognormal in Pisces. The applicability of Rapoport's rule was not clearly inferable from the results, and the rule appears to be conditioned by the location of biogeographical boundaries and the endemism rate in the different biogeographical provinces. A clear increase in depth range size with maximum depth range was observable for benthic species, confirming previous studies. Species’ depth range distributions displayed a discernible latitudinal pattern, right‐skewed at high latitudes and left‐skewed at low latitudes. The location of biogeographical boundaries, and endemism rate by biogeographical province were considered to be the factors most useful in explaining species’ distribution patterns and their conformity or nonconformity to Rapoport's rule. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 80 , 437–455.  相似文献   

17.
Are ecological and evolutionary rules being dismissed prematurely?   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Recently, it has been suggested that the group of patterns known as the ecological and evolutionary rules are invalid and only of interest historically. Here, I briefly review evidence for the four most prominent patterns: Bergmann’s rule, Cope’s rule, Rapoport’s rule, and the latitudinal gradient in species richness. Although more comprehensive reviews exist for these patterns, the purpose of this paper is to highlight recent work illustrating the validity of each pattern, to question the conclusion that these patterns are only of historical interest, and to briefly explore possible connections between each of these patterns. I also recommend that meta‐analytical techniques, a group of statistical methods rarely used in ecology and evolution, need to be incorporated in future tests of general trends.  相似文献   

18.
物种分布区范围地理格局的Rapoport法则   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Rapoport法则最初是关于物种分布的纬度位置与纬度分布宽度的关系的假说, 被认为是宏观生态学的重要假说之一。Rapoport法则提出以后引发了广泛的实证检验和理论探讨, 并扩展到海拔和海洋深度梯度的分析。对Rapoport法则的检验发展了多种算法, 包括基于中域效应模型的比较分析法, 提出了气候变异性等多种机理解释, 并建立了物种分布区范围格局与物种丰富度格局、分布边界限制等重要宏观生态学现象之间的联系。关于该法则的普适性仍存在明显的意见分歧, 但分析和检验方法被认为是影响结果的重要因素, 方法的改进将是这一领域今后研究的关键。本文主要从Rapoport法则的概念、检验方法、机理性解释, 关于其普适性的争论及其与物种丰富度格局的关系等方面, 综述这一领域的研究进展。  相似文献   

19.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Aim We evaluated the applicability of Rapoport's rule (RR) to the marine molluscs of the Americas. The biogeographical pattern predicted by RR has been the subject of a large number of studies, some supporting it and some not. In this exercise, we attempted to generate results free of biases in taxonomy or geographical scale. Location The study area encompassed the Pacific and Atlantic sides of the entire North and South American continents. Methods Our analysis was based on secondary data. We tested the relationship of the geographical range to gradients of latitude and depth, using the methodologies of Stevens (1989) and midpoint ( Rohde et al., 1993 ). By Spearman's correlation, we related the mean amplitude of the geographical distribution to each gradient. We compared all known molluscan species together, and performed a second analysis limited to certain taxonomically well‐known groups. Results Our results were generated from a databank encompassing 4067 species. The analyses corroborated RR on both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. In applying the pattern to the Atlantic coast, certain methodological issues had to be considered, such as the exclusion of deep‐water species and taxonomically biased groups. Regional features, such as the size of a biogeographical province, seemed to strongly affect the form of the pattern. The results also supported the association of RR with a depth gradient.  相似文献   

20.
    
Branching patterns in the lichen family Cladoniaceae are varied and taxonomically important. Branching occurs on the podetium, the erect secondary thallus that characterizes most species in the Cladoniaceae, and is influenced by growth dynamics of the fungal meristem tissue at the apex of the podetium. Branching is primarily the result of meristem divisions, and branching patterns are modified by meristem enlargement, deformation, and torsion. Branching processes are conserved, and early branch ontogeny provides information from which to determine relationships in the Cladoniaceae. Branching is characterized by two major patterns. In one pattern, branches arise from the relatively late divisions of a large meristem (≥100 μm in diameter), whose shape changes during ontogeny. In a second pattern, branches arise from small meristems (<100 μm in diameter), which split early in ontogeny but whose shape does not change. The trend toward reduced meristems that split early in ontogeny is seen as an evolutionary advance in the Cladoniaceae. Some \"small meristem\" species retain aspects of the \"large meristem\" habit in early ontogeny, and this provides a clue to their relationships. Patterns of meristem growth dynamics provide a basis for interpreting phylogeny in mycobionts of the Cladoniaceae. Meristem activities in four genera of the Cladoniaceae were compared in order to determine trends in growth dynamics within the family.  相似文献   

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