Diversity of Trypanosomatids in Cockroaches and the Description of Herpetomonas tarakana sp. n.

In this study, we surveyed six species of cockroaches, two synanthropic (i.e. ecologically associated with humans) and four wild, for intestinal trypanosomatid infections. Only the wild cockroach species were found to be infected, with flagellates of the genus Herpetomonas. Two distinct genotypes were documented, one of which was described as a new species, Herpetomonas tarakana sp. n. We also propose a revision of the genus Herpetomonas and creation of a new subfamily, Phytomonadinae, to include Herpetomonas, Phytomonas, and a newly described genus Lafontella n. gen. (type species Lafontella mariadeanei comb. n.), which can be distinguished from others by morphological and molecular traits.     

The metabolic interactions between Paramecium bursaria Ehrbg. and Chlorella spec. in the Paramecium bursaria-symbiosis

In an organism (strain C 1/2 from Dr. P. R. Hayes, Leeds) regarded as a typical representative of the genus Flavobacterium, flexirubin-type pigments have been identified. The Flavobacterium pigments contain structural elements of both, the pigments of the genus Flexibacter and the pigments of the genus Cytophaga. As flexirubin-type pigments seem to have a rather restricted distribution among bacteria, and have formerly proved to be useful chemosystematic markers for the flexibacteria, this new observation may indicate that there is a relatively close phylogenetic relationship between this type of flavobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flexibacter group.     

Nervostroma, gen. nov. in the Sclerotiniaceae, the teleomorph of Cristulariella, and Hinomyces anam. gen. nov. to accommodate the anamorph of Grovesinia: reassessment of the genus Cristulariella

Taxonomy of the genus Cristulariella is revised, retaining Cristulariella (Crist.) depraedans as the type. Two new species, Crist. cercidiphylli and Crist. corni, are additionally described under the genus. The new anamorphic genus Hinomyces is erected to accommodate Botrytis (Cristulariella) moricola and Cristulariella pruni. A new genus and species, Nervostroma depraedans, is erected in the Sclerotiniaceae to accommodate the teleomorph of Crist. depraedans, with an additional species, Nervostroma cercidiphylli.     

Study of the Characters of the Genus Malcolmia R. Br. in Aiton Part 3 With 8 figures and 1 table

Malcolmia meyeri Boiss. subsumes according to the anatomical structure of the dissepiment under the genus Maresia Pomel. The species represents an evolutional link from which ancestors there proceeds on one hand the genus Maresia Pomel with other nine species, on the other hand a shorter evolutional line with two species subsumed so far under the genus Malcolmia R. Br. in Aiton: Malcolmia crenulata (DC.) Boiss., Malcolmia exacoides (DC.) Spreng.     

The Lepocreadiidae (Digenea) of fishes from the north-east Atlantic: review of the genusParalepidapedon Shimazu & Shimura, 1984, with a description ofP. williamsi n. sp.

A new species,Paralepidapedon williamsi, is described from the fishCottunculus microps and an unidentified fish of the suborder Cottoidei in the NE Atlantic Ocean. This species is the first member of the genus to be recognized in the Atlantic Ocean. Its general morphology is similar to that of the other members of the genus, but it is distinguished by its large eggs and the relatively few gland-cells associated with the external seminal vesicle. The genusParalepidapedon, which differs fromNeolepidapedon in the possession of a uroproct, is reviewed and a key to the species given. The genus is considered to include five species.     

Spirobolbolaimus bathyalis,gen. nov., sp. nov. (Nematoda,Microlaimidae) from the Mediterranean (Calvi)

Spirobolbolaimus bathyalis gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from the continental slope off Calvi (Mediterranean). The new genus Spirobolbolaimus belongs to the Microlaimidae Micoletzky, 1922 and is closely related to the genus Bolbolaimus Cobb, 1920. It can be differentiated from Bolbolaimus by its multispiral amphideal fovea and by its six rows of postamphideal setae.     

CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN COMPOSITAE. VI. SENECIONEAE. II

Chromosome counts are reported for 76 taxa and 2 natural hybrids of tribe Senecioneae (Compositae). First counts are reported for several species of Senecioneae as well as for the genera Cadiscus and Whitneya. New chromosome numbers are added to those previously known in Arnica, Cacalia, and Senecio. Additional counts from Arnica support our previous suggestion that x = 19 for this genus. It is assumed that observed meiotic irregularities are associated with apomixis in this genus. Basic chromosome numbers for various New World sections of Senecio are proposed, and certain problems of sectional relationships in this genus are discussed. Chromosome numbers and plant morphology of Cadiscus, Hulsea, and Whitneya indicate that these genera should be removed from Helenieae to Senecioneae. The possible affinity of the anomalous genus Adenocaulon with Mutisieae is discussed. Data presented in the paper further support our earlier proposal that the basic chromosome number for Senecioneae is x = 10.     

Indopottia zanderi (Bryophyta,Pottiaceae) gen. et sp. nov. from the Western Ghats of India

Abstract

Indopottia zanderi, a new genus and species of the Pottiaceae, is described from the Silent Valley National Park in the Western Ghats in Peninsular India. The distinctive features of Indopottia are the leaf cells being weakly convex on both surfaces, costal stereid-band semicircular in cross-section, guide cells rounded-ovate or semicircular, seta short and operculum very long. The affinities of the allied genera, Ganguleea, Tortula and Weisiopsis, are discussed. The new genus Indopottia may be placed in the tribe Hyophileae.     

Samuraia tabularasa gen. nov., sp. nov. (Cnidaria,Hydrozoa, Hydrocorynidae), an intertidal hydroid from the Gulf of California,Mexico

Samuraia tabularasa, the samurai hydroid, a previously unreported genus and species of athecate hydrozoan, family Hydrocorynidae, is described, based upon field and laboratory observations. Colonies live attached to rocky substrates in the middle of the intertidal zone in the northern and central Gulf of California, Mexico. The principal characters that allow this species to be referred to a new genus are associated with its mode of sexual reproduction by eumedusoids that can remain attached to the colony, or be released as ephemeral, rudimentary structures. This is in contrast to the feeding, free medusae produced by the two species of the other genus, Hydrocoryne, in the family Hydrocorynidae.     

Testudodinium gen. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new genus of sand‐dwelling dinoflagellates formerly classified in the genus Amphidinium

A new genus of sand‐dwelling photosynthetic dinoflagellate, Testudodinium Horiguchi, Tamura, Katsumata et A. Yamaguchi is proposed based on Testudodinium testudo (Herdman) Horiguchi, Tamura, Katsumata, et A. Yamaguchi comb. nov. (Basionym: Amphidinium testudo Herdman) and a new species in this new genus, Testudodinium maedaense Katsumata et Horiguchi sp. nov. is described. Amphidinium corrugatum is also transferred to this genus, making a new combination T. corrugatum (Larsen et Patterson) Horiguchi, Tamura et A. Yamaguchi. These three species are similar to the members of the genus Amphidinium in having an extremely small episome and a dorsoventrally flattened cell body. They are, however, distinguished from the genus Amphidinium seusu stricto by the possession of a distinct longitudinal furrow in the middle of ventral side of the episome. Phylogenetic trees based on small subunit (SSU) rDNA revealed that all three of these Testudodinium species formed a robust clade and, although statistical support is not high, the tree suggests Testudodinium clade is not closely related to Amphidinium seusu stricto clade. The morphological differences together with molecular data support the establishment of a new genus for A. testudo and its related species.     

Brachiopods of the subfamily chaoiellinae subfam. nov.: Phylogeny and position in the productidin systematics

Two new tribes Chaoiellini and Rugatiini with smoothed ribs on the disk and late appearance of high corpus cavity in the phylogeny and ontogeny are distinguished within the new subfamily Chaoiellinae. New genera Altaiproductus and Alpavlia are considered to be phyletic ancestors of Chaoiella. The latter genus is revised and redescribed.     

Senecella siberica n. sp. and the position of the genus Senecella in Calanoida classification

Senecella calanoides Juday has been reported from fresh-water lakes of North America, Northern Siberia and inshore brackish waters of Kara and Laptev Seas. Investigation of 11 females and 2 males from the brackish waters of Neelov Bay (Laptev Sea) shows that second species, Senecella siberica sp. n., can be distinguished from S. Calanoides Juday by the greater size, a slightly asymmetrical female genital segment, the 3 external spines on the 3d exopod of 2 to 4th swimming legs and by more longer left endopod digitiform process of the male 5th legs. S. siberica seems to be brackish-water euryhaline species, inhabiting brackish waters with salinity from 1 to 22. The genus belongs to the family Aetideidae and is the only genus with freshwater representatives.     

Phylogeny of the avian genus Pitohui and the evolution of toxicity in birds

Bird species in the avian genus Pitohui contain potent neurotoxic alkaloids that may be used for defense. The genus comprises multiple species that are endemic to New Guinea and were presumed to belong to the family Pachycephalidae or Colluricinclidae, within the core corvoidea, an ancient Australasian radiation of crow-like birds. In order to understand the evolution of toxicity within the genus Pitohui, we sequenced three mitochondrial and two nuclear gene segments and reconstructed a phylogeny of the genus Pitohui and its putative relatives. We show that the genus Pitohui is polyphyletic, and consists of five different lineages. Using Bayesian ancestral state reconstruction, we estimate that toxicity likely evolved multiple times within this group. Furthermore, because the morphological and behavioral similarity among these poisonous birds appears to have evolved convergently, we hypothesize that this may be a possible example of Müllerian mimicry in birds. The Morningbird of Palau, Micronesia, that has often been included in the genus Pitohui, actually belongs in the genus Pachycephala and offers an intriguing case of pronounced evolution on a remote oceanic island.     

Observations on some species of the diatom genus Gomphonema C. A. Agardh

Gomphonema acuminatum var. coronatum Ehrenb., G. capitatum Ehrenb., G. constrictum Ehrenb., G. gracile Ehrenb., G. intricatum var. vibrio Ehrenb., G. subclavatum Grun. and G. ventricosum Greg. all conform to the basic features of the genus Gomphonema C. Ag. as exemplified by detailed electron microscopical studies of G. parvulum Kütz. This biraphidaceous diatom genus is characterised by heteropolar, asymmetrical cells which have a single isolated punctum, displaced somewhat from the centre of the valve. Electron microscopical observations reveal a reniform or horseshoe-shaped poroidal structure to the valve. It is suggested that this is found only in “true” members of the genus Gomphonema. Other “gomphonemoid” types with differing pore structure should be removed into related genera.     

烟杆藓属及烟杆藓在中国的新记录

从形态学而论,烟杆藓属(Buxbaumia Hedw.)在苔藓植物中是一个独特的类型。该文简要介绍了烟杆藓属的历史和该属在中国的研究状况,以及该属的模式种烟杆藓首次在中国的发现。对烟杆藓在新疆的着生生境及群落状况做了详细介绍, 还就扫描电子显微镜观察烟杆藓的孢蒴、蒴齿和孢子形态、中国烟杆藓属分种检索表及属的系统关系进行观察和探讨。     

Phenetic studies in Nuphar Sm. (Nymphaeaceae):variation in sect. Nuphar

Previous taxonomic assessments of the hydrophytic genus Nuphar Sm. (Nymphaeaceae) have inadequately considered the range of morphological variation existing in the genus. A comprehensive statistical analysis of morphological features among the recognized taxa of Nuphar is presented here, first using 10 fruit characters to delimit the separation of two infrageneric groups of taxa, and secondly using 31 characters to quantify the morphological variation found within sect. Nuphar. Results from combined phenetic analyses provided empirical support for recognition of two infrageneric groups of species in the genus (largely by fruit, stigmatic disk margin, neck, and stigmatic disk size) and for separation of taxa within sect. Nuphar (by leaf size, and fruit disk and neck size). Statistical analyses demonstrate that extensive variation in ranges of character states exists among sect. Nuphar taxa. However, a suite of qualitative and quantitative characters can be used to recognize five species and three subspecies within this predominantly Old World assemblage.     

Bolboschoenus glaucus (Lam.) S.G. Smith, a new species in the flora of the ancient Near East

Taxonomic advancement in the genus Bolboschoenus (Cyperaceae, formerly included in the genus Scirpus) have resulted in the re-classification of the plant previously known as Bolboschoenus maritimus (synonym Scirpus maritimus) into several closely-related but distinct Bolboschoenus species This improved taxonomy is of importance for archaeobotanical investigations of ancient sites within the temperate zones, where this genus frequently occurs, because it allows more precise definitions of the ecological requirements and growing habits of each species. Moreover, it details the distinct morphological and anatomical characteristics of the fruit (nutlets) of each species. Using these new nutlet classification criteria, we re-examined charred archaeological specimens which had previously been identified as B. maritimus (or S. maritimus), from five Near Eastern late Pleistocene and early Holocene village sites: Abu Hureyra, Hallan ?emi, Demirk?y, ?atalh?yük and Aswad. Because three of these sites are located in Anatolia, data on the recent occurrence of Bolboschoenus in Turkey were also investigated. All archaeobotanical specimens were found to be B. glaucus. This species was also found to be the most common Bolboschoenus in present-day Turkey, indicating that it has a long history of occurrence in this region. The environmental, ecological and economic implications of this new information suggest that it is entirely feasible that this plant provided late Pleistocene and Holocene Near Eastern people with a dependable and possibly a staple food source.     

Nochascypha jacksonii comb. nov. and N. paraensis comb. nov., additional members of the cyphellaceous genus Nochascypha formerly placed in Maireina

Nochascypha jacksonii and N. paraensis proposed for combination were previously placed in the cyphellaceous genus Maireina. Unlike the typical representatives of the genus Maireina, both taxa have only pale coloured surface hyphae. The morphological and anatomical re-examination of type material has shown both species belong to the genus Nochascypha. Their inclusion extends the former range of Nochascypha species whose surface hyphae are colourless by two distinct members with yellowish surface hyphae. Nochascypha jacksonii and N. paraensis are described and illustrated in detail. An updated key for Nochascypha is presented.     

Phylogenetic relationships of the anamorphic genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusicladium</Emphasis> s. lat. as inferred by ITS nrDNA data

The genus Fusicladium s. lat. (incl. Pollaccia and Spilocaea) was phylogenetically analysed using ITS nrDNA sequences. Pollaccia and Spilocaea did not form monophyletic groups of their own, but were intermingled between Fusicladium species, together with which they formed a monophyletic clade. Thus, Pollaccia and Spilocaea should be included in a wider genus concept of Fusicladium, constituting a morphologically variable genus. Furthermore, all Venturia and Fusicladium isolates clustered together on the bases of available ITS data, providing support for the monophyly of the anamorphic genus Fusicladium and the teleomorphic genus Venturia. Within this clade several subclades can be recognized. All taxa on the host family Salicaceae were found in one subclade. Three other subclades comprised taxa on Rosaceae whereas taxa on other host families all clustered separately. Geographic specializations were not observed. Two examples of host switching could be demonstrated, but these were confined to instances involving host species belonging to the same family. Fusicladium convolvularum and F. effusum, two species with unknown teleomorphs, clustered within the Fusicladium/Venturia clade, supporting the correct placement of these taxa in Fusicladium. The placement of Pseudocladosporium hachijoense within the family Venturiaceae was also supported.     

Lernaeopoda tenuis n. sp. andPseudolernaeopoda caudocapta n. g., n. sp. (Copepoda,Lernaeopodidae) parasitic onTriakis maculata (Kner & Steindachner) from the Chilean coast,South Pacific

Summary One new genus and two new species of the Lernaeopodidae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida), parasitic onTriakis maculata off the coast of Chile, are described and illustrated. The new genus,Pseudolernaeopoda, parasitizes the cloaca of its host. Its type-species,P. caudocapta, can be distinguished fromLernaeopoda by the absence of modified uropods. A new species ofLernaeopoda, L. tenuis, was found on the gills of the same host. In absence of the male, the generic affinities of this species must be considered only tentative. ac]19850409