有机溶剂/水两液相体系中甾体激素的生物转化

对有机溶剂,水两液相体系中甾体激素的生物转化进行了综述,主要包括有机溶剂,水两液相体系中甾体生物转化的特征、有机溶剂的选择、细胞的固定化、影响甾体激素转化率的因素以及反应器的设计等。     

甾体皂苷生物转化研究进展

甾体皂苷是中药中一类较为复杂的糖苷类化合物,具有多方面的药理活性。生物转化是利用各种酶系或微生物对天然活性化合物进行生物合成与结构修饰。利用生物转化技术可以对甾体皂苷类化合物完成化学法难以进行的结构改造和修饰,从而获得具有更高药用价值的目标化合物。本文对近几年利用微生物和酶法转化对甾体皂苷结构修饰的研究进展进行了综述,并分析了甾体皂苷生物转化研究中存在的问题,展望了其研究的前景。     

甾醇侧链切除的微生物转化技术

甾体化合物是医药工业中具有巨大市场的产品之一,甾醇侧链切除的微生物转化是解决甾体医药原料的基础,像甾醇这一类疏水性底物的微生物转化技术是产业化的关键。本文综述了甾醇侧链切除微生物转化技术的新进展,详细介绍了我们最近开发的浊点系统两相分配生物反应器新技术。     

Penicillium raistrickii 15α羟基化左旋乙基甾烯双酮工艺研究

通过生物转化技术对甾体化合物左旋乙基甾烯双酮进行15α位羟基化,合成了重要的药物中间体15α-羟基左旋乙基甾烯双酮,对生物转化工艺进行了优化。重点对底物的助溶剂进行了筛选,同时对培养基成分,接种量,初始pH,通气量,投料浓度,投料时间,转化时间等转化条件进行了优化。结果表明:在摇瓶发酵中,Penicilliumraistrickii对甾体化合物左旋乙基甾烯双酮生物转化,产物15α-羟基左旋乙基甾烯双酮转化率达到60%,在发酵罐放大试验中,转化率达到50%以上。具有工业生产前景。     

甾体C11β—羟基生物转化菌株新月弯孢霉的筛选和鉴定

文章对甾体C11β－羟某化生物转化菌株－新月弯孢霉的生长和生物转化特征进行了研究。经过反复筛选,最终选出了一株氧化可的松转化率达30％的最优菌株。文中描述了新月弯孢霉菌体生长过程中,菌体干重与PH的变化情况,并通过正交实验确定了该菌株生长的最适培养基配方。经过研究,对新月弯孢霉菌株的生长和生物转化特性及其进行甾体C11β－羟基化生物转化过程有了初步的了解。     

Penicillium raistrickii15α羟基化左旋乙基甾烯双酮工艺研究*

通过生物转化技术对甾体化合物左旋乙基甾烯双酮进行15α位羟基化,合成了重要的药物中间体15α-羟基左旋乙基甾烯双酮,对生物转化工艺进行了优化。重点对底物的助溶剂进行了筛选,同时对培养基成分,接种量,初始pH,通气量,投料浓度,投料时间,转化时间等转化条件进行了优化。结果表明:在摇瓶发酵中,Penicilliumraistrickii对甾体化合物左旋乙基甾烯双酮生物转化,产物15α-羟基左旋乙基甾烯双酮转化率达到60%,在发酵罐放大试验中,转化率达到50%以上。具有工业生产前景。     

总状毛霉对4-烯-3-酮甾体的生物转化研究

从土样中筛选到一株能转化甾体的菌株,经形态观察,鉴定为总状毛霉(Mucor racemosus)。首次利用该菌株对4-烯-3-酮类甾体衍生物进行生物转化,目的是合成具有潜在活性的羟基类4-烯-3-酮衍生物。转化条件为27℃,220r/min振荡培养4d。转化产物经乙酸乙酯萃取,用硅胶柱层析法分离,通过红外、质谱和核磁分析确定了甾体转化产物的化学结构。黄体酮生物转化得到的产物是14α-羟基-4-孕甾烯-3,20-二酮和7α,14α-二羟基-4-孕甾烯-3,20-二酮;4-雄烯二酮的转化产物是14α-羟基-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮1、4α,17β-二羟基-雄甾-4-烯-3-酮和6α,17β-二羟基-雄甾-4-烯-3-酮。研究结果表明总状毛霉具有转化甾体的能力,对4-烯-3-酮类甾体进行生物转化的主要产物是14α-羟基甾体衍生物。     

甾体微生物转化在制药工业中的应用

对几种重要的甾体微生物转化反应如甾体边链降解、甾体羟基化反应的机理及其发展与应用作了概述;同时也介绍了固定化微生物细胞、非水溶液中酶催化反应及混合发酵等微生物转化技术在制药工业中的应用。     

微生物降解甾醇侧链转化雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的研究进展

甾体激素类药物是临床上不可缺少的一类重要药物。雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮是甾体激素类药物不可替代的中间体,对机体起着非常重要的调节作用。可以说几乎所有甾体激素类药物都是以其作为起始原料进行生产的。近年来研究表明,通过微生物转化技术,将甾醇边链选择性切除,可得到甾体药物的这一关键中间体.综述了该项技术近期的研究进展,指出该领域工业化生产尚待解决的问题。     

黑曲霉催化雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮16β-羟基化

为进一步确定黑曲霉菌株TCCC41650的生物转化能力,以雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(Androstenedione)为底物,利用黑曲霉菌株TCCC41650进行催化,产物经纯化、重结晶后,通过单晶衍射鉴定为16β-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮。转化条件为:培养液pH 6.0,乙醇添加量为2%,投料浓度为1‰时,72 h转化率为85.8%。目前甾体研究领域对于C16β-羟基化的微生物转化未见报道,研究结果为C16β-羟基甾体药物的研发奠定了基础。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism