几种松树外生菌根真菌的研究

早在1956年前我们曾对松树和柞树的外生菌根真菌进行了分离。当时获得3株菌根真菌的纯培养,经初步鉴定属牛肝菌属(Boletus)、乳菇属(Lactarius)和滑菇属(Hebeloma)。对油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)幼苗回接试验取得了成功。在樟子松(Pimus sylvestris)幼苗的接种试验中,也获得了较好的结果;菌根化促进了樟子松幼苗的成活(张宪武等,1964)。 1978年以来,我们对外生菌根真菌又进行了研究。从不同林分下采集到能形成菌根的真菌子实体,在无菌条件下用切割组织法以分离菌根真菌,获得了纯培养菌株,根据子实体的特征进行了鉴定(邓叔群,1963)。同时对培养基选择及幼苗接种效果也进行了试验。本文是我们研究的初步结果。     

THE ROLE OF RESERVES IN LEAVES,BRANCHES, STEMS,AND ROOTS ON SHOOT GROWTH OF RED PINE

By defoliation, girdling, and various combinations of these before the growing season began, the role of foods in old needles, branches, main stems, and roots on shoot growth of 8-yr-old red pine (Pinus resinosa) trees was studied in northern Wisconsin. Defoliation and girdling, alone or in combination, reduced shoot growth but defoliation reduced shoot dry weight more than it reduced shoot elongation. Reductions in shoot growth due to treatment were in the following decreasing order: branch girdling + needle removal > girdling at stem base + needle removal > needle removal > branch girdling > base girdling. The old needles were the major source of food for shoot growth and accounted for four-fifths or more of all shoot growth. The combined reserves in the branches, main stem, and roots accounted for less than 15% of shoot growth. The contribution of reserves from tissues other than old leaves was in the following order: branches > main stem > roots. Defoliation weakened apical dominance relations. In defoliated trees, many secondary axes elongated more than the terminal leader, and secondary axes in lower whorls often grew more than those in upper ones. The data suggest an important role of nutritional factors in correlative growth inhibition.     

吸虫类的酚及酚酶的组织化学定位

本文对代表不同分类位置和不同寄居部位的8种吸虫体内的酚类物质及酚酶进行了组织化学定位的研究。结果表明:仅在上述虫体的成熟卵黄细胞颗粒球和子宫中的卵壳含有丰富的酚及酚酶物质,这些物质在卵壳形成中具有一定的生理作用。本文列表比较了吸虫纲中酚酶的组织化学,并对吸虫类卵壳蛋白的化学性质进行了讨论。     

SEASONAL TRENDS IN RATES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION OF LOBLOLLY PINE AND WHITE PINE SEEDLINGS

Mc Gregor , William H. Davis (Clemson Coll., Clemson, S.C.), and Paul J. Kramer . Seasonal trends in rates of photosynthesis and respiration of loblolly pine and white pine seedlings. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(8): 760–765. Illus. 1963.—Seasonal trends in the rates of photosynthesis and respiration of potted loblolly and white pine seedlings were studied by measuring CO₂ exchange with an infra-red gas analyzer at intervals during a year. The seedlings were kept out-of-doors, but measurements were made indoors at 25 C and 4000 ft-c of light. Beginning in February, the rate of photosynthesis per plant of both species increased, reaching a peak in mid-September for loblolly pine and in mid-July for white pine and then declining rapidly after mid-September for both species. The spring increase began before new needles emerged and the autumn decline was not accompanied by appreciable loss of foliage. The respiration rate of loblolly pine increased steadily throughout the year. Respiration of white pine increased until mid-May and then remained fairly constant through the remainder of the year. Maximum rate of photosynthesis per unit of fascicle length occurred in July for the white pine and in May for the loblolly pine, and rates declined after September in both species. Respiration rate per unit of fascicle length showed a marked increase as spring growth began in April, then decreased to a minimum in September and increased during the winter in both species. Total chlorophyll per seedling reached a maximum in September for both species and declined slightly during winter. Total chlorophyll per unit of fascicle length increased in the spring, declined slightly in midseason, and increased again in September. Photosynthesis per unit of chlorophyll reached a maximum in May for loblolly pine and in July for white pine. Stem elongation of white pine was 88% completed by May 15. On the same date, stem elongation of loblolly pine was only 42% completed.     

黑松菌根共生体中真菌液泡形态构架及其活力

 为探讨菌根共生体中菌根菌液泡结构及其活力变化对宿主生长的影响, 对3种外生菌根菌黄色须腹菌(Rhizopogen luteous, 简称Rl)、彩色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorius, 简称 Pt₂)、美味牛肝菌 (Boletus edulis, 简称Be)离体菌丝及与黑松(Pinus thunbergii)形成菌根共生体的冰冻切片进行6-羧基二乙酸荧光素(6-CFDA)染色, 观察了真菌液泡形态构架及其活力的变化。结果表明, 在Pt₂与Rl离体菌丝中既可见单个分散的大液泡, 又可见相邻液泡间由细管状连接而成的管状液泡系统, Be离体菌丝的液泡则呈细小颗粒状, 密集分布于菌丝体的各个部分; Be离体菌丝的活性强于Pt₂和Rl。上述3种菌根菌与黑松形成菌根共生体后, Pt₂与Rl对黑松的促生效果好于Be, 菌根共生体中菌套和哈氏网菌丝的活性明显强于Be, 且仍可见数个液泡连接成管状系统; 而在Be菌根中菌丝液泡系统不形成管状, 活性较低。结果暗示, 菌根共生体中真菌的管状液泡系统及其活力与对黑松的促生作用似存在一定的相关性。该研究对于进一步了解菌根的促生作用机理及菌根真菌与宿主植物的协同进化具有一定的意义。     

CYTOPLASMIC DIFFERENCES IN T-TYPE CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILE CORN AND ITS MAINTAINER

Edwardson , John R. (U. Florida, Gainesville.) Cytoplasmic differences in T-type cytoplasmic male-sterile corn and its maintainer. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49 (2) : 184–187. Illus. 1962.—Differences in inclusions in sections of T-type male-sterile and maintainer corn were found with electron microscopy. Some male-sterile root tip cells contain dense inclusions ca. 50–60 mμ dia. These inclusions are always associated with areas of dense cytoplasm, while no such inclusions or dense cytoplasmic areas occur in maintainer material. The majority of maintainer tapetal cells contain inclusions ca. 46–52 mμ dia.; the majority of male-sterile tapetal cells contain inclusions ca. 58–64 mμ dia. Well-defined membranes always enclose the inclusions in maintainer material; indistinct membranes are occasionally associated with inclusions in sterile material.     

辽东栎幼苗的外生菌根合成

 在温室花盆中播种辽东栎（Quercus liaotungensis）种子获得辽东栎幼苗,并对幼苗接种外生菌根真菌进行菌根合成试验。所用的外生菌根真菌有：铆钉菇（Gomphidius viscidus）、臭红菇（Russula foetens）、厚环乳牛肝菌（Suillus grevillei）、褐环乳牛肝菌（S. luteus）、彩色豆马勃（Pisolithus tinctorius）、美味牛肝菌（Boletus edulis）、赭丝膜菌（Cortinarius russus）、土生空团菌（Cenococ