柞蚕蛹培养蛹虫草不同时间后的代谢组分析

为了解柞蚕蛹培养蛹虫草(简称柞蚕蛹虫草)不同时间后的代谢物变化规律,利用广泛靶向代谢组学技术,比较不同培养时期的柞蚕蛹虫草代谢产物成分,找出差异代谢物并进行代谢通路分析.在柞蚕蛹虫草的5个生长时期共检测到10类421种化合物,主要包括:氨基酸及其衍生物、核苷酸及其衍生物、萜类、酚酸、有机酸、糖及醇类、甾体、脂类、生物碱...     

基于UPLC-QTOF-MS代谢组学研究灰树花发酵的代谢差异

为了解天麻苦荞复配液的添加对灰树花深层发酵过程中代谢产物的差异性,采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆串联飞行时间质谱（UPLC-QTOF-MS）技术结合多变量统计分析方法,对发酵7d的灰树花菌丝体细胞代谢物进行分析。主成分（PCA）模型显示添加天麻苦荞复配液的菌丝体细胞与对照组菌丝体细胞相比代谢产物差异明显（P<0.05）,通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）,以VIP（varible importance in the projection）>1和P<0.05为条件进行筛选和鉴定得到44种差异代谢物,包括糖类6种、氨基酸类13种、维生素类5种、核苷酸类7种、有机酸类10种、脂肪酸类3种。其中,与对照组相比鼠李糖、D-半乳糖、D-甘露醇、果糖-6-磷酸等7种物质含量显著下调,D-木糖醇、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、泛酸、二十二碳六烯酸、D-葡萄糖醛酸、琥珀酸等37种物质含量显著上调。通过对差异代谢物进行通路分析,得到具有显著影响的代谢通路14条,推测了灰树花胞外多糖合成通路。由此推断天麻苦荞复配液的添加对灰树花胞外多糖的增效作用和提升营养品质的原因,为今后深层次研究外源添加物对灰树花发酵过程的影响提供理论依据。     

NaHCO3胁迫下马铃薯根系代谢组差异分析

【目的】分析马铃薯根系对NaHCO3胁迫的代谢组学差异,揭示不同马铃薯品种响应NaHCO3胁迫的代谢分子机制,为优化马铃薯育种、栽培技术措施以及生产应用提供理论依据。【方法】以马铃薯‘V7’和‘康尼贝克’2个品种幼苗根系为研究对象,选用不同浓度梯度（CK、10 mmol/L、20 mmol/L、30 mmol/L、40 mmol/L、50 mmol/L）NaHCO3溶液模拟碱胁迫,胁迫7 d后,结合非靶向代谢组学检测方法,利用高效液相色谱（LC-MS）技术及多维统计学对2个马铃薯品种根系代谢产物进行检测分析。【结果】（1）NaHCO3胁迫下,‘V7’根系中检测到160种代谢物上调、91种代谢物下调,‘康尼贝克’根系中125种代谢物上调、52种代谢物下调。（2）KEGG通路富集分析表明,2个品种各筛选出10条差异代谢通路,其中植物次生代谢产物的生物合成、不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成、由组氨酸和嘌呤衍生的生物碱合成以及嘧啶代谢这4条差异代谢通路是马铃薯根系响应碱胁迫的关键代谢途径。（3）糖类、酰胺类化合物、胺类、含氧有机化合物、生物碱、酚酸类、菑体-皂苷元等差异代谢物均参与到了马铃薯响应NaHCO3胁迫的复杂的调控网络中。【结论】研究筛选出马铃薯根系响应NaHCO3胁迫的关键代谢产物以及代谢途径,耐碱性品种V7与碱敏感性品种‘康尼贝克’二者根系代谢组学存在差异性;同时,同一个品种不同胁迫程度下其根系代谢与CK也存在差异性。氨基酸及其衍生物、有机酸、尿囊素这3类差异代谢物含量的积累是‘V7’根系代谢过程活跃、耐碱性能力强于‘康尼贝克’的重要特征分子。     

蒙古黄芪响应反复干旱胁迫的代谢机制

【目的】蒙古黄芪是黄芪药材的重要基原植物,其主要种植地内蒙古、山西、甘肃等地均属于干旱半干旱地区,不定期的间歇式降雨造成了植物干旱复水循环。研究黄芪在干旱及复水过程中代谢产物的变化特征对于了解其响应自然间歇降雨的干旱胁迫机制非常关键。【方法】试验以一年生蒙古黄芪种苗为材料,进行反复干旱胁迫及复水处理后,测定盆栽土壤养分及其根长、根粗,采用基于NMR的代谢组学技术分析蒙古黄芪的初生差异代谢物,并进行差异代谢物筛选及代谢通路分析;采用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠法、香草醛-冰醋酸比色法和苯酚-硫酸比色法测定反复干旱胁迫处理下蒙古黄芪根中总黄酮、总皂苷及多糖物质含量。【结果】（1）蒙古黄芪在面临干旱胁迫时会呈现根粗减小,根长和须根密度增加的趋势;（2）干旱及复水处理下,代谢组共检测到42种代谢产物,主要是氨基酸及其衍生物、有机酸、胺类及氨类化合物和糖类等;代谢通路分析发现,植株在反复干旱胁迫过程中主要会影响体内的氨基酸代谢途径,通过增加天冬氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸及精氨酸的含量,降低天冬酰胺、色氨酸和4-氨基丁酸和含量来增强自身抗旱性,具体表现为丙氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸等代谢物增加1～3倍,色氨酸和4-氨基丁酸等代谢物下降约1～2倍。（3）在第1轮干旱胁迫下黄芪总皂苷积累,而第2轮干旱胁迫后黄芪皂苷、总黄酮类、多糖3种活性物质的生成量减少,均呈现下降趋势。【结论】氨基酸及其衍生物类与蒙古黄芪响应水分胁迫的机制密切相关,同时植株本身也会调节自身的次生代谢产物以响应环境变化。     

基于非靶代谢组学多刺绿绒蒿不同器官代谢物差异分析

为了进一步探究传统藏药植物多刺绿绒蒿（Meconopsis horridula）中代谢物成分以及不同器官差异情况,采用UPLC-MS技术对多刺绿绒蒿的叶、根和花三个不同器官代谢物进行分析与鉴定。并利用主成分分析（PCA）、聚类热图分析、正交偏最小二乘-判别分析（OPLS-DA）和KEGG通路富集分析等方法进行不同器官差异代谢产物筛选与通路分析。结果显示,在ESI⁺和ESI^-模式下,共检测注释到947种代谢物,不同器官间差异代谢物进行分析,叶和根差异代谢物有301个,叶和花中差异代谢物有170个,根和花中差异代谢物有244个。通过聚类热图可以看出,大多数代谢物在根中含量较低;KEGG通路富集分析显示,差异代谢物大多富集在氨基酸代谢、花青素生物合成、黄酮类生物合成和生物碱合成等代谢途径。各器官优势黄酮类、萜类和生物碱类代谢物的分析为进一步探究多刺绿绒蒿的不同器官药用特征成分和开发利用提供一定的帮助。     

基于UPLC-MS/MS技术的野生及栽培韭菜籽的代谢组学研究

多星韭为贵州省赫章县喀斯特地貌区重要的野生植物资源之一,具有较高的开发利用价值。为分析野生多星韭(Allium wallichii )籽与栽培韭菜(A. tuberosum)籽代谢产物差异及其通路,该研究利用UPLC-MS/MS物质分离鉴定技术,对2种韭籽化学成分进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析。结果表明:(1)共检测到782种代谢产物。(2)主成分分析(PCA)显示样本间存在差异,正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)共筛选出12类显著变化(P<0.05,VIP≥1)的差异代谢物,涉及492种,其中上调和下调幅度在前20的代谢物包括黄酮、甾体皂苷、黄酮醇、酚酸类、异黄酮、游离脂肪酸、三萜皂苷、生物碱、吲哚类生物碱、氨基酸及其衍生物等。(3)KEGG注释到84条差异代谢通路,其中差异代谢物显著富集(P<0.01)通路4条,此外还构建了未注释到的显著差异代谢物甾体皂苷的生物合成通路。该研究结果为韭籽有效成分代谢途径解析及药理活性物质研究提供了参考,也为赫章县野生多星韭的开发保护与多元化利用提供了新思路。     

基于非靶代谢组学的糙皮侧耳子实体发育的关联物质及主要代谢通路分析

本研究采用代谢组学方法鉴定并分析了糙皮侧耳原基和刚分化的子实体中的小分子代谢物质,以期解析糙皮侧耳子实体形成和发育的潜在机制。糙皮侧耳原基和子实体中共鉴定出545种代谢物,包含酚酸、脂类、氨基酸及其衍生物、核苷酸及其衍生物、有机酸、生物碱、单宁、木脂素和香豆素以及其他代谢物共9类。主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)表明糙皮侧耳原基和子实体中的代谢物质具有显著差异。以VIP≥1、fold change≥2或≤0.5为条件,共筛选到253种差异代谢物。调控通路分析结果显示差异物质涉及76条代谢途径,推测该菌通过色氨酸代谢,苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成,赖氨酸降解,D-精氨酸和D-鸟氨酸代谢,生物素代谢,莨菪烷、哌啶和吡啶生物碱的生物合成,酪氨酸代谢,嘌呤代谢,丙酸代谢和异喹啉生物碱的生物合成等主要代谢通路完成物质的深度转化及调控。本研究为糙皮侧耳子实体发育机制的研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

冬虫夏草菌菌丝体中的氨基酸及其衍生物的代谢组学分析

为探究冬虫夏草菌（Ophiocordyceps sinensis）菌丝体氨基酸及其衍生物的差异性,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱（Ultra performance liquid Chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS）技术对3株冬虫夏草菌（玉树菌株XSH、达日菌株DR、贵德菌株LJ）菌丝体的氨基酸及其衍生物进行靶向定量检测,利用主成分分析（Principal component analysis, PCA）和正交偏最小二乘判别分析（Orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares-discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA）考察样品分类情况、筛选差异代谢物。结果表明,3株菌株菌丝体中均检测到72种氨基酸及其衍生物,发现除组氨酸外可合成蛋白质的19种氨基酸,菌株XSH的总氨基酸及必需氨基酸绝对含量均高于其他菌株。菌株XSH相比菌株DR和菌株LJ分别含有29种和28种差异氨基酸及其衍生物,菌株DR相比菌株LJ含有10种差异氨基酸及其衍生物,此外,3株菌株菌丝体含有3个共有的差异氨基酸及其衍生物,分别为高精氨酸、N-乙酰-L-谷氨酰胺、肌氨酸。京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）通路富集分析显示,差异氨基酸及其衍生物在精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢通路中更活跃,不同产区冬虫夏草菌株的氨基酸含量可能受精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢通路的影响。基于研究结果发现不同产区的冬虫夏草菌株的氨基酸及其衍生物存在较大的差异。     

光照时间对果蝇发生量的影响

设置6个光照时间梯度和两个光照强度梯度,分别对3种（基因型）果蝇进行光照处理,结果显示：在5001ux光照强度下,光照处理3h／d的果蝇发生量最少,其他各光照时间果蝇发生量无显著差异;1000lux光照强度下,不同光照时间果蝇发生量差异不显著,而不同基因型果蝇间表现出显著差异;连续光照处理使黑檀体果蝇后代数明显减少。     

慢性疲劳综合征中学生运动前后尿液差异代谢物的比较

目的：探讨慢性疲劳综合征（CFS）中学生运动前后尿液的差异代谢物及其代谢通路特征,阐述慢性疲劳综合征的代谢机制。方法：依据美国疾病预防控制中心关于CFS的筛选标准,选取8名17~19岁男性CFS中学生作为受试对象,同时选择来自同一学校的8名同龄、同性别健康中学生作为对照组。受试者进行一次改良的哈佛台阶运动（上下台阶30次/min,持续3 min）,采集运动前后的尿液,以液相-质谱联用（LC-MS）法检测其差异代谢物;采用多维统计法对所检测到的代谢物进行主成分分析（PAC）和正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）;通过MetPA数据库分析与差异代谢物相关的代谢通路。结果：与对照组相比较,运动前CFS组筛选出肌酸、吲哚乙醛、植物鞘氨醇和焦谷氨酸4个差异代谢物,其含量均显著下降（P<0.05或P<0.01）;运动后CFS组检测出11个差异代谢物,依次是壬二酸、甲基腺苷、乙酰肉碱、癸酸、皮质酮、肌酸、左炔诺孕酮、泛酸、焦谷氨酸、黄嘌呤核苷和黄尿酸,其中除甲基腺苷和肌酸比对照组显著升高（P<0.05）外,其他9个差异代谢物均较对照组显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。将上述15个差异代谢物分别输入MetPA数据库进行代谢通路权重得分分析,结果显示,运动前CFS组只检测出精氨酸-脯氨酸代谢通路紊乱,标记代谢物为肌酸;而运动后检测出精氨酸-脯氨酸代谢、泛酸与辅酶A生物合成、类固醇激素生物合成3条代谢通路存在障碍,标记代谢物依次是：肌酸、泛酸和皮质酮。结论：运动干预前,CFS中学生的精氨酸-脯氨酸代谢通路紊乱被检出;施加运动后,又检测出其类固醇激素生物合成代谢通路与泛酸和辅酶A代谢通路也存在代谢紊乱情况。     

烟草叶片对不同光质短期应答的代谢轮廓

在烟草上部叶片生理成熟期给以白、紫外A、蓝、绿、黄、红6种LED灯光处理,研究了烟草叶片对不同光质的短期应答.结果表明: 采用非靶标检测方法共检测到68种GC/MS(气相色谱/质谱)稳定的代谢产物,在PLS-DA得分图中,6种光处理的样品被明显分开;有61种在质谱库中得到鉴定,其中45种代谢物质含量在不同光处理间存在显著性差异,主要为有机酸类、糖类、TCA循环中间产物、氨基酸类等初级代谢产物;采用差异性代谢物的热力图及聚类分析将其分为5类,同时也将6个处理明显分开,其中红、蓝光处理差异最为明显,除B类物质外,其他4类均以红光处理高于蓝光处理.采用靶标性检测方法测定了3种生物碱、5种多酚及茄尼醇的含量,4种(加上非靶标测定到的烟碱)生物碱在不同光质处理间的变化趋势一致,红光和黄光明显促进了生物碱积累;莰菲醇基芸香苷和芸香苷在不同处理之间的变化趋势一致,以蓝光处理最低、黄光最高,光质对其他3种多酚的影响各异;黄光明显抑制了茄尼醇的积累,蓝光处理的叶片中茄尼醇含量最高.说明光质变化对烟草脂肪酸代谢、糖代谢、生物碱代谢、氨基酸代谢、TCA循环和莽草酸途径等多条代谢途径均有显著的影响.     

Targeted metabolomics in an intrusive weed, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rumex obtusifolius</Emphasis> L., grown under different environmental conditions reveals alterations of organ related metabolite pathway

This study was intended to analyze the metabolic pathway of Rumex obtusifolius L. (Broad-leaved dock), destructive weeds worldwide, in relation to major environmental factors (light and temperature). It was found that R. obtusifolius can be classified as plants in accumulating major organic acids such as oxalate in leaves and citrate in stems (Miyagi et al., Metabolomics 6:146–155 2010). The organ specific accumulation of certain metabolites was dissected by metabolomics approach in relation to metabolic pathway. Light or dark experiments showed that in the case of the oxalate accumulation, the major or the most dominated pathway was found to be the citrate-isocitrate-oxalate shunt. Furthermore, under the dark and/or low temperature (5°C) leaves showed sustainable growth with normal accumulation of TCA metabolites. Unlike leaves, there was a different pattern of metabolite accumulation in stems. Other metabolites such as amino acids also showed the organ specific alterations under the different ambient environments.     

Metabolomic Analysis Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS) Uncovers the Effects of Light Intensity and Temperature under Shading Treatments on the Metabolites in Tea

To investigate the effect of light intensity and temperature on the biosynthesis and accumulation of quality-related metabolites, field grown tea plants were shaded by Black Net and Nano-insulating Film (with additional 2–4°C cooling effect) with un-shaded plants as a control. Young shoots were subjected to UPLC-Q-TOF MS followed by multivariate statistical analysis. Most flavonoid metabolites (mainly flavan-3-ols, flavonols and their glycosides) decreased significantly in the shading treatments, while the contents of chlorophyll, β-carotene, neoxanthin and free amino acids, caffeine, benzoic acid derivatives and phenylpropanoids increased. Comparison between two shading treatments indicated that the lower temperature under Nano shading decreased flavonols and their glycosides but increased accumulation of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins. The comparison also showed a greater effect of temperature on galloylation of catechins than light intensity. Taken together, there might be competition for substrates between the up- and down-stream branches of the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway, which was influenced by light intensity and temperature.     

Metabolomic analysis reveals that the accumulation of specific secondary metabolites in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Echinacea angustifolia</Emphasis> cells cultured in vitro can be controlled by light

Echinacea angustifolia cell suspension cultures are usually grown and maintained in the dark, but we also exposed cells to light for one culture cycle (14 days) and then compared the metabolomes of dark-grown and illuminated cells by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Among 256 signals, we putatively identified 159 molecules corresponding to 56 different metabolites plus their fragments, adducts and isotopologs. The E. angustifolia metabolome consisted mainly of caffeic acid derivatives, comprising (a) caffeic acid conjugated with tartaric, quinic and hexaric acids; and (b) caffeic acid conjugated with hydroxytyrosol glycosides (e.g., echinacoside, verbascoside and related molecules). Many of these metabolites have not been previously described in E. angustifolia, which currently lacks detailed metabolic profiles. Exposure to light significantly increased the levels of certain caffeic acid derivatives (particularly caffeoylquinic acids and hydroxytyrosol derivatives lacking rhamnose residues) and reduced the level of hydroxytyrosol derivatives with rhamnose residues, revealing that light specifically inhibits the rhamnosylation of caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycosides. These results are significant because they suggest that the metabolic profile of cell cultures can be manipulated by controlling simple environmental variables such as illumination to modulate the levels of potentially therapeutic compounds.     

基于UPLC-MS/MS技术的代谢组学方法研究麸皮对杨树桑黄代谢的影响

桑黄孔菌属.Sanghuangporus是一类具有重要药用价值的大型真菌,目前被国际公认为抗肿瘤效果最好的药用真菌之一.本研究以添加麸皮栽培的杨树桑黄Sanghuangporus vaninii子实体为研究对象,基于液质联用技术的广泛靶向代谢组学研究,从杨树桑黄子实体中检测出355种代谢产物,差异代谢物86种,上调51...     

A metabolite profiling approach to follow the sprouting process of mung beans (Vigna radiata)

A metabolite profiling methodology based on capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was employed to investigate time-dependent metabolic changes in the course of the sprouting of mung beans (Vigna radiata). Intact mung beans and sprout samples taken during the germination process were subjected to an extraction and fractionation procedure covering a broad spectrum of lipophilic (e.g. fatty acid methyl esters, hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, sterols) and hydrophilic (e.g. sugars, acids, amino acids, amines) low molecular weight constituents. Investigation of the obtained fractions by GC resulted in the detection of more than 450 distinct peaks of which 146 were identified by means of MS. Statistical assessment of the metabolite profiling data via principal component analysis demonstrated that the metabolic changes during the sprouting of mung beans are reflected by time-dependent shifts of the scores which were comparable for two spouting processes independently conducted under the same conditions. Analysis of the loadings showed that polar metabolites were major contributors to the separation along the first principal component. The dynamic changes of single metabolites revealed significantly increased levels of monosaccharides, organic acids and amino acids and a decrease in fatty acid methyl esters in mung bean sprouts.     

柞蚕蛹虫草代谢物组分分析及对高尿酸血症的作用

采用定量检测和代谢组学方法对柞蚕蛹虫草的成分和参与的代谢途径及通路进行了分析,并开展了其对嘌呤代谢障碍引起的高尿酸血症作用研究.结果表明,柞蚕蛹虫草共含有代谢产物233种,其中不仅含有定量检测已经报道的虫草素、虫草酸等成分,还含有皮质固醇、肾上腺素及谷胱甘肽等多种特殊代谢成分,这些成分主要隶属于羧酸及衍生物、有机氧化合...     

THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE USE OF THE NITROGEN RESERVES OF GERMINATING SOYBEAN SEEDS

Light affects the mobilization and distribution of several of the storage components of the cotyledons of germinating soybean seeds. The nitrogen content of the cotyledons began to decrease during the first day of germination, continued through day 12 for plants in the light, and day 14 for those in the dark. Cotyledons from both treatments had lost about the same amount of nitrogen by day 14. Plants from both treatments lost about the same amount of dry weight by day 8, but those in the light had taken up nitrogen from the nutrient solution; while those in the dark showed no increase. The plants in the light had higher concentrations of soluble amino nitrogen in the cotyledons than did those in the dark, but the opposite was true for the seedling axis. Aspartate and its amide accounted for half or more of the total free amino acids in all parts of dark-grown plants at 6 and 14 days. In the light-grown plants aspartate and asparagine usually accounted for less than half of the total free amino acids in all plant parts except the cotyledons at 6 and 14 days. Total soluble amino acids were much lower in these plants than those in the dark, excepting the cotyledons.