敲低GATA1慢病毒表达载体的构建及敲低效果检测

目的：为了探讨与人血细胞相关的GATA1转录因子在实体肿瘤发生发展中的功能,构建GATA1的慢病毒干扰载体,并验证其敲低效果。方法：根据人GATA1的cDNA序列,设计含有小发卡结构的寡核苷酸序列,将其克隆到慢病毒表达载体上;将重组质粒转染人胚肾293T细胞,通过实时定量RT-PCR及Western印迹检测GATA1的表达水平。结果和结论：构建了具有明显干扰效果的GATA1基因的小干扰RNA（siRNA）慢病毒表达载体,能够有效抑制GATA1 mRNA和蛋白水平,为后续的GATA1生物学作用研究奠定了基础。     

一种新型慢病毒载体制备方法的建立

为了建立新型、高产量的慢病毒载体制备体系,将构建好的主框架质粒pVECRNA、包装质粒pGAGPOL及包膜质粒pVSVG通过脂质体共转染至BHK21细胞,再用含有T7RNA聚合酶基因的重组痘苗病毒vTF-3感染细胞,培养4d后,收集培养上清,提取培养上清的RNA,进行RT-PCR反应;将培养上清进行免疫印迹鉴定;将培养上清感染正常的293T细胞、HepG2细胞、Vero细胞,荧光显微镜下观察细胞GFP的表达情况;采取3*3*3析因分析方法,优化系统产量,Real-time PCR方法测定细胞培养上清中病毒载体的拷贝数,利用流式细胞术检测病毒载体滴度。RT-PCR及p24免疫印迹结果均提示在细胞上清中存在慢病毒载体;通过荧光显微镜观察到感染组293T细胞、HepG2细胞、Vero细胞均表达绿色荧光蛋GFP,说明此系统制备出的慢病毒载体具有感染性;系统经优化后,培养上清中慢病毒载体拷贝数达到(11.71±0.80)×1011copies/mL,培养上清原始滴度达到(1.3±0.18)×108tu/mL,高出目前常用制备体系产量1个数量级。初步建立了新型慢病毒载体制备体系,为今后该系统的大规模应用提供客观的科学依据。     

一种新型慢病毒载体制备体系的初步建立

为了建立新型、高产量的慢病毒载体制备体系,将构建好的主框架质粒pVECRNA、包装质粒pGAGPOL及包膜质粒pVSVG通过脂质体共转染至BHK21细胞.再用含有T7RNA聚合酶基因的重组痘苗病毒vTF-3感染细胞,培养4天后,收集培养上清.提取培养上清的RNA,进行RT-PCR反应,将培养上清进行免疫印迹鉴定,将培养上清感染正常的293T细胞、HepG2细胞、Vero细胞,荧光显微镜下观察细胞GFP的表达情况,采取3×3×3析因分析方法,优化系统产量,Real-timePCR方法测定细胞培养上清中病毒载体的拷贝数,利用流式细胞术检测病毒载体滴度.RT-PCR及p24免疫印迹结果均提示在细胞上清中存在慢病毒载体;通过荧光显微镜观察到感染组293T细胞、HepG2细胞、Vero细胞均表达绿色荧光蛋白GFP,说明此系统制备出的慢病毒载体具有感染性;系统经优化后,培养上清中慢病毒载体拷贝数达到1.1×1012/ml,培养上清原始滴度达到1.3×108tu/ml,高出目前常用制备体系产量1个数量级.上述结果表明,新型慢病毒载体制备体系已初步建立,为今后该系统的大规模应用提供客观的科学依据.     

慢病毒介导的小鼠PINK1基因RNAi载体的构建及在NIH3T3细胞中的筛选

目的:构建筛选靶向特异PINK1-siRNA慢病毒表达载体,感染小鼠胚胎细胞(NIH3T3)验证该病毒载体的敲减效率,为研究帕金森病的发病机制奠定基础。方法:构建2对靶向小鼠PINK1-siRNA序列(KD1和KD2),将这2对序列连接在GV118上,将重组载体和病毒包装的辅助质粒共转染293 T细胞,获得慢病毒颗粒,再将该病毒颗粒转染入NIH3T3细胞,用qRT-PCR验证细胞内PINK1 mRNA表达水平以验证敲减效果。结果:筛选出可以用于后续实验的高效靶向KD2序列,并成功转染到小鼠NIH3T3细胞中,在感染复数(MOI)为50时,KD2的沉默效果最好,敲减率达到66.4%。结论:成功构建了高效靶向小鼠PINK1-siRNA慢病毒载体,其可稳定转染小鼠NIH3T3细胞,可高效抑制PINK1 mRNA的表达。为下一步利用其感染神经细胞或注入动物脑内,进一步研究PINK1基因在帕金森病发病过程中的作用环节和机制提供了分子生物学的技术基础。     

ZO-1 基因的慢病毒载体构建

目的：相邻两心肌纤维的连接处称心肌闰盘,它在心肌的机电活动中扮演重要角色。目前有关闰盘相关基因Cx43 的研究已 被广泛关注,而在不同心肌病理状态下,其变化及功能都与另一闰盘相关基因ZO-1 有极为密切的联系。目前有关ZO-1 的研究比 较少,此次欲将猪ZO-1 基因克隆到慢病毒表达载体并进行鉴定,为进一步研究其功能奠定基础。方法：利用聚合酶链反应（PCR） 扩增猪ZO-1 基因,并克隆到慢病毒表达载体,通过转化、抽提质粒、双酶切和测序鉴定构建的Lenti-EF1α-EGFP-TRE-ZO-1 重组 载体。结果：猪ZO-1 基因片段重组到慢病毒载体;PCR和双酶切鉴定,电泳结果显示均能得到与理论大小相符的片段;经测序证 实成功构建Lenti-EF1α-EGFP-TRE-ZO-1 慢病毒表达载体。结论：通过一系列实验证实Lenti-EF1α-EGFP-TRE-ZO-1 慢病毒表达 载体构建成功,可利用其感染相关细胞或注入动物体内,为后续的体外及在体研究奠定基础,明确其在不同心肌病理状态下所发 挥的独特作用。     

ZO-1基因的慢病毒载体构建

目的：相邻两心肌纤维的连接处称心肌闰盘,它在心肌的机电活动中扮演重要角色。目前有关闰盘相关基因Cx43的研究已被广泛关注,而在不同心肌病理状态下,其变化及功能都与另一闰盘相关基因ZO-1有极为密切的联系。目前有关ZO-1的研究比较少,此次欲将猪ZO-1基因克隆到慢病毒表达载体并进行鉴定,为进一步研究其功能奠定基础。方法：利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增猪ZO-1基因,并克隆到慢病毒表达载体,通过转化、抽提质粒、双酶切和测序鉴定构建的Lenti-EFlct—EGFP-TRE—ZO-1重组载体。结果：猪ZO-1基因片段重组到慢病毒载体;PCR和双酶切鉴定,电泳结果显示均能得到与理论大小相符的片段;经测序证实成功构建Lenti-EF1α—EGFP—TRE-ZO-1慢病毒表达载体。结论：通过一系列实验证实Lend．EF1α—EGFP—TRE—ZO—1慢病毒表达载体构建成功,可利用其感染相关细胞或注入动物体内,为后续的体外及在体研究奠定基础,明确其在不同心肌病理状态下所发挥的独特作用。     

利用慢病毒载体建立fractalkine基因敲低的HK-2稳定细胞株

目的利用慢病毒载体建立fractalkine(FKN)基因敲低的HK-2稳定细胞株,为探讨FKN基因在肾脏组织肾小管上皮细胞转分化(EMT)重构中的作用奠定实验基础。方法通过双酶切将FKN目的基因连接到GV248载体(hU6-MCS-Ubiquitin-EGFP-IRES-puromycin),经扩增、转化、验证、测序、质粒抽提,将携带目的基因的工具GV248载体质粒及病毒包装辅助质粒Helper1.0、Helper2.0转染293T细胞,完成慢病毒包装及质量检测后获取慢病毒工具载体LV-FKN-RNAi,病毒感染HK-2细胞72h后筛选稳定表达的细胞株HK-2/LV-FKN-RNAi,采用Western blot测定FKN的表达水平,CCK-8检测细胞活力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率。结果经对比,构建LV-FKN-RNAi阳性克隆序列与目的基因FKN相符;HK-2细胞达到80%感染效率的最佳感染条件为:在Enhanced Infection Solution(ENi.S)培养基中进行感染,设定感染复数(MOI)为10,感染时间为72h。Western Blot结果显示,经筛选的HK-2/LV-FKN-RNAi细胞中FKN基因表达水平降低;细胞形态成梭形,多有伪足出现。CCK-8检测显示,FKN基因敲低组细胞活力降低;流式细胞术检测显示,FKN基因敲低组细胞凋亡率增加。结论本研究成功构建一种低表达FKN基因的慢病毒载体;LV-FKN-RNAi感染HK-2细胞后可实现目的基因的低表达,并且FKN基因敲低后HK-2细胞活力下降,凋亡率增加。经筛选的HK-2/LV-FKN-RNAi细胞株可用于后续实验研究。     

利用Gateway技术构建慢病毒载体及其在鸡囊胚细胞中的表达

目的:建立慢病毒载体介导的外源基因在动物中表达的模式。方法:通过PCR扩增出带EGFP基因和特异性结合位点的DNA序列,并应用Gateway技术构建了带EGFP基因的pLenti6/v5-DEST慢病毒载体。利用磷酸钙介导慢病毒4质粒系统在包装细胞中转染,收集并浓缩产生的病毒颗粒,通过感染293FT细胞测定慢病毒滴度。结果:通过PCR扩增后测序分析,表明慢病毒载体构建正确。病毒滴度测定结果为2×107TU/mL。并用慢病毒对鸡囊胚细胞进行感染,获得了较强的表达效果。结论:慢病毒载体系统所产生的病毒颗粒对动物细胞具有较强的感染能力,为慢病毒载体在转基因家禽研究中的应用奠定了基础。     

microRNA调控的靶向性病毒载体在基因治疗中的应用

安全、有效、具有靶向性的病毒载体是基因治疗药物在临床上得以应用的关键。microRNA是一类单链、内源性的转录后调控小分子,它的发现为开发具有靶向性调控能力的病毒载体提供了新的研究方法。以下在介绍microRNA调节病毒载体靶向性原理的基础上,着重介绍microRNA在清除复制能力病毒的污染、消除转基因特异性免疫、增强肿瘤靶向性基因治疗、开发活体疫苗等领域的应用。     

Netrin-1慢病毒表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的:构建携带有Netrin-1基因的逆转录病毒载体,为研究Netrin-1在神经发育中的作用奠定基础。方法:PCR扩增Netrin-1基因片段后,将其克隆入慢病毒表达载体pLXSN;通过PCR、酶切、测序鉴定重组质粒。重组质粒转染PA317包装细胞后获得包装的病毒颗粒。病毒颗粒感染人脑胶质瘤细胞SW038-C2,经Western blot证明重组病毒在真核细胞内表达Netrin-1的情况。结果:经PCR扩增、酶切和测序验证,重组质粒构建正确,命名为pLX-NT。Western blot证明在感染细胞泳道有一特异性条带。结论:成功构建了能表达Netrin-1的慢病毒载体。     

靶向NBS1基因的 microRNA真核表达载体的构建及其活性鉴定

目的:构建靶向NBS1基因的 microRNA真核表达载体,鉴定其转染宫颈癌细胞株Hela后的生物活性?方法:根据NBS1mRNA序列设计合成四对pre- microRNA片段,定向克隆到pcDNA 6.2- GW/ EmGFP-miR真核表达载体上,并将其转染至Hela细胞株中?采用菌落PCR和测序分析鉴定插入序列的完整性;采用实时定量PCR分析鉴定重组体对NBS1mRNA表达的干扰效果以确定其生物活性? 结果:构建的四组重组体插入片段的碱基序列完全正确?重组体能干扰Hela细胞NBS1基因的表达,四组重组体NBS1 mRNA表达量分别为: 0.24±0.17 (NBS1mi-1组)?0.12±0.12 (NBS1mi-2组)?0.41±0.97 (NBS1mi-3组)?0.48±0.93 (NBS1mi-4组),其中NBS1mi-2组表达最低? 结论: 构建的四组NBS1 microRNA重组体在Hela细胞株中都具有生物活性, 且NBS1mi-2组的干扰作用最强? 载体构建成功,为应用microRNA靶向NBS1的肿瘤基因治疗的研究奠定了基础。     

MicroRNA‐155 prevents necrotic cell death in human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells via targeting RIP1

To improve regeneration of the injured myocardium, cardiomyocyte progenitor cells (CMPCs) have been put forward as a potential cell source for transplantation therapy. Although cell transplantation therapy displayed promising results, many issues need to be addressed before fully appreciating their impact. One of the hurdles is poor graft‐cell survival upon injection, thereby limiting potential beneficial effects. Here, we attempt to improve CMPCs survival by increasing microRNA‐155 (miR‐155) levels, potentially to improve engraftment upon transplantation. Using quantitative PCR, we observed a 4‐fold increase of miR‐155 when CMPCs were exposed to hydrogen‐peroxide stimulation. Flow cytometric analysis of cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis showed that necrosis is the main cause of cell death. Overexpressing miR‐155 in CMPCs revealed that miR‐155 attenuated necrotic cell death by 40 ± 2.3%via targeting receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1). In addition, inhibiting RIP1, either by pre‐incubating the cells with a RIP1 specific inhibitor, Necrostatin‐1 or siRNA mediated knockdown, reduced necrosis by 38 ± 2.5% and 33 ± 1.9%, respectively. Interestingly, analysing gene expression using a PCR‐array showed that increased miR‐155 levels did not change cell survival and apoptotic related gene expression. By targeting RIP1, miR‐155 repressed necrotic cell death of CMPCs, independent of activation of Akt pro‐survival pathway. MiR‐155 provides the opportunity to block necrosis, a conventionally thought non‐regulated process, and might be a potential novel approach to improve cell engraftment for cell therapy.     

Generation of a packaging cell line for prolonged large-scale production of high-titer HIV-1-based lentiviral vector

BACKGROUND: A stable packaging cell line facilitates large-scale lentivirus vector manufacture. However, it has been difficult to produce clinical-scale HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors using a packaging cell line, in part due to toxicity of packaging genes, and gene silencing that occurs during the long culture period necessary for sequential addition of packaging constructs. METHODS: To avoid these problems, we developed a three-level cascade gene regulation system designed to remove tetracycline transactivator (tTA) from cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV)-controlled expression to reduce cytotoxicity from constitutive expression of tTA and leaky expression of packaging genes. We also performed a one-step integration of the three packaging plasmids to shorten the culture time for clonal selection. RESULTS: Although leaky expression of p24 and vector production still occurred despite the three-level regulation system, little cytotoxicity was observed and producer cells could be expanded for large-scale production. Producer cells yielded remarkably stable vector production over a period greater than 11 days with the highest titer 3.5 x 10(7) transducing units (TU)/ml and p24 300 ng/ml, yielding 2.2 x 10(11) TU and 1.8 milligram (mg) p24 from one cell factory. No replication-competent lentivirus (RCL) was detected. Long-term analysis demonstrated that, although the cells are genetically stable, partial gene silencing occurs after 2-3 months in culture; however, the one-step construct integration allowed prolonged vector production before significant gene silencing. Concentrated vector resulted in 90% transduction in CD4+ lymphocytes at 20 TU per cell. CD34+ progenitor cells were transduced at 41-46% efficiency, and long-term initiating culture (LTC-IC) was transduced at 45-51%. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate for the first time HIV-1-based lentiviral vector production on the large scale using a packaging cell line.     

Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals involvement of PD-1 in multiple T cell functions

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a critical inhibitory receptor that limits excessive T cell responses. Cancer cells have evolved to evade these immunoregulatory mechanisms by upregulating PD-1 ligands and preventing T cell–mediated anti-tumor responses. Consequently, therapeutic blockade of PD-1 enhances T cell–mediated anti-tumor immunity, but many patients do not respond and a significant proportion develop inflammatory toxicities. To improve anti-cancer therapy, it is critical to reveal the mechanisms by which PD-1 regulates T cell responses. We performed global quantitative phosphoproteomic interrogation of PD-1 signaling in T cells. By complementing our analysis with functional validation assays, we show that PD-1 targets tyrosine phosphosites that mediate proximal T cell receptor signaling, cytoskeletal organization, and immune synapse formation. PD-1 ligation also led to differential phosphorylation of serine and threonine sites within proteins regulating T cell activation, gene expression, and protein translation. In silico predictions revealed that kinase/substrate relationships engaged downstream of PD-1 ligation. These insights uncover the phosphoproteomic landscape of PD-1–triggered pathways and reveal novel PD-1 substrates that modulate diverse T cell functions and may serve as future therapeutic targets. These data are a useful resource in the design of future PD-1–targeting therapeutic approaches.     

靶向HER2的CAR-T细胞构建与抗肿瘤活性的体外分析

CAR-T细胞疗法通过靶向识别肿瘤细胞表面抗原,特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞,近年来已经成为肿瘤免疫疗法的研究热点。通过基因工程方法构建靶向人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)的CAR慢病毒表达质粒,以磷酸钙沉淀辅助多质粒共转染HEK293T细胞包装,制备CAR慢病毒颗粒lenti-car,感染人外周血单核细胞获得HER2靶向的CAR-T细胞,并分析其对HER2阳性和阴性肿瘤细胞的特异性抑制效果。研究结果表明,构建的CAR-T细胞可被HER-2阳性的肿瘤细胞特异性激活,分泌大量炎症性细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-2。在同样效靶比等处理条件下,构建的HER2靶向CAR-T细胞对HER2阳性的人卵巢癌细胞株SK-OV-3的生长抑制率为(58.47±1.72)%,显著高于对照组(P0.05);而对HER2阴性的人慢性髓原白血病细胞株K562的生长抑制率为(11.74±2.37)%,与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。进一步,在K562细胞中转染人HER2表达载体使其成为HER2阳性,则HER2靶向CAR-T细胞对其的生长抑制率上升为(30.41±7.59)%,较HER2阴性K562具有明显差异(P0.05)。研究结果表明,构建的HER2靶向的第二代CAR-T细胞可选择性地抑制高表达HER2蛋白的肿瘤细胞的生长,暗示了其对HER2阳性肿瘤进行细胞免疫治疗的临床应用前景。     

靶向CS1的CAR-T细胞构建及其抗肿瘤活性的体外研究

文中利用基因工程方法构建包含4-1BB或ICOS的第二代Anti-CS1慢病毒表达载体,以及同时包含这两个共刺激因子的第三代Anti-CS1慢病毒表达载体,通过制备相应慢病毒感染人CD3+T细胞,分别获得靶向CS1的第二代和第三代CAR-T细胞。研究结果表明：以ICOS为共刺激因子及以4-1BB为共刺激因子的第二代CAR-T抗肿瘤活性相似,且在效靶比为1︰1时,含ICOS共刺激因子比含4-1BB共刺激因子的第二代CAR-T细胞对IM9-lucgfp细胞的杀伤效力更高;在效靶比为1︰1、2︰1和5︰1时,第三代CAR-T细胞对IM9-lucgfp细胞的杀伤效力低于第二代;在效靶比为10︰1时,二代和三代CAR-T细胞对IM9-lucgfp细胞的杀伤效力都达到85%以上, 显著高于对照组。综上所述,该研究成功构建了靶向CS1的第二代和第三代CAR-T细胞,其可高效杀伤高表达CS1的肿瘤细胞,且靶向CS1的第二代CAR-T细胞比第三代对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效力更强。