Growth and morphological characteristics of industrial strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus cultivated in hydrolysate-milk and hydrolysate-soybean media]

Growth features of industrial strains of Bifidobacterium adolescentis MC-42, B. bifidum 1, B. longum B-379, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 8-79 and L. plantarum 8PA3 cultivated in hydrolysate-milk or hydrolysate-soybean media (HMM and HSM respectively) were analysed comparatively. The bacterial cells were investigated morphometrically with atom strength microscopy. It was shown that HSM vs HMM provided a higher growth rate of the strains (shortened growth phases and higher growth rates) that was more evident for the bifidobacteria as compared to the lactobacilli. At the same time, the morphological features of the bacterial cells slightly depended on the medium composition and were mainly defined by the genus.     

水貂粪便中双歧杆菌的分离与鉴定

目的运用TPY培养基,从健康水貂的粪便中分离培养、筛选出2个肠道菌株。方法细菌培养、菌落形态观察、染色镜检、分离纯化、生化试验和药敏试验。结果分离培养出的2株菌株为双歧杆菌,其中1株为长双歧杆菌,另1株为青春双歧杆菌;双歧杆菌对氯霉素极其敏感,对阿米卡星耐药。结论本实验为毛皮特种经济动物微生态制剂的研究工作奠定了基础。     

Selective medium for isolation and enumeration of Bifidobacterium spp

A new method was developed for the isolation and enumeration of Bifidobacterium spp. from natural aquatic environments. The method was based on the utilization of a new medium, Bifidobacterium iodoacetate medium 25, and resuscitation techniques were used to isolate injured bifidobacteria. The new medium was tested with a nonselective reference medium on sewage and sewage-polluted surface waters. Relatively little colonial growth of any other bacterial genera occurred; when such colonies did grow, Bifidobacterium could be easily differentiated by its colonial morphology or, after Gram staining, by its typical bifidobacterial morphology.     

Selective medium for isolation and enumeration of Bifidobacterium spp.

A new method was developed for the isolation and enumeration of Bifidobacterium spp. from natural aquatic environments. The method was based on the utilization of a new medium, Bifidobacterium iodoacetate medium 25, and resuscitation techniques were used to isolate injured bifidobacteria. The new medium was tested with a nonselective reference medium on sewage and sewage-polluted surface waters. Relatively little colonial growth of any other bacterial genera occurred; when such colonies did grow, Bifidobacterium could be easily differentiated by its colonial morphology or, after Gram staining, by its typical bifidobacterial morphology.     

Effect of bifidobacteria and lactobacillus and antibiotics in combination with common gnotobiological isolation on the survival of mice with acute radiation sickness

The influence of the combined use of bacterial preparations (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin and amikacin) on the survival rate of irradiated mice placed under the conditions of general gnotobiological isolation was studied. Bacterial strains used in combination with quinolones (ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin) significantly increased the mean survival time of the animals (p < 0.05) when introduced in a dose of 1.0 x 10(9) microbial cells per mouse on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 after irradiation. At the same time a short course of treatment with bacterial preparations (two injections on days 5 and 7 after irradiation) proved to be insufficient for increasing the survival rate of the animals. The mean survival time of the irradiated mice was higher after the use of bacterial preparations in combination with lomefloxacin or ciprofloxacin than after their use with amikacin.     

一株携带质粒的人两歧双歧杆菌的分离与鉴定

目的:分离携带天然质粒的人双歧杆菌.方法:用自制的改良型Blb双歧杆菌选择培养基,从人新鲜粪便分离双歧杆菌,对初步质粒检测阳性的单菌落通过糖发酵试验、(G C)mol%测定和16S rDNA序列分析,进行菌株鉴定.结果:筛选到一株携带天然质粒的人双歧杆菌,编号B200304,在1.0%琼脂糖凝胶上,测得质粒的相对分子质量约为22 kb.通过对该菌株的形态学观察和糖发酵试验等生理生化特征研究,证明该菌株为两歧双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium bifidum);HPLC法测得其(G C)mol%为55.6,16SrDNA序列分析进一步证实该菌株为两歧双歧杆菌.结论:分离得到一株携带天然质粒的人两歧双歧杆菌新菌株.     

双歧杆菌抗生素耐药性研究进展

目前,由于抗生素的广泛、大量使用,耐药菌株急剧增多,加剧了耐药菌对人类健康和生态环境的威胁。有研究表明,益生菌自身含有的耐药基因或耐药质粒等可通过基因水平转移传递给人体肠道中的致病菌,导致耐药菌感染。随着双歧杆菌相关微生态制剂的广泛应用,通常以活菌形式进入人体的双歧杆菌,与肠道内原籍菌群混合生长,致使其携带的耐药性基因片段在肠道菌群中水平转移,从而导致某些致病菌具有耐药性。因此,研究双歧杆菌等益生菌的耐药性基因转移有着十分迫切的意义。本文总结了双歧杆菌的耐药性,分析了双歧杆菌的耐药机理,为进一步筛选安全的双歧杆菌菌株提供理论依据。     

Reduction of vitamin K concentration by salivary Bifidobacterium strains and their possible nutritional competition with Porphyromonas gingivalis

AIMS: To assess the possibility that bifidobacteria compete with Porphyromonas gingivalis for their mutual growth factor vitamin K. This study also examined whether salivary Bifidobacterium species decrease vitamin K concentration in the growth medium. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-five strains of Bifidobacterium were obtained from 20 of 24 periodontally healthy subjects. Bifidobacterium dentium was most frequently detected in the saliva of subjects, followed by Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium urinalis. The growth of most Bifidobacterium isolates, except that of B. urinalis, was stimulated by vitamin K. Moreover, the isolates were capable of decreasing vitamin K after incubation, which suggests that bifidobacteria compete with P. gingivalis for vitamin K. In a co-culture, a representative strain -B. adolescentis S2-1 - inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis if it was inoculated in the medium before P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS: B. adolescentis S2-1 decreased vitamin K concentration and inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis by possibly competing for the growth factor. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Salivary bifidobacteria may possess the potential to suppress the growth of P. gingivalis by reducing the growth factor(s) in the environment.     

Improved medium for selective isolation and enumeration of Bifidobacterium.

Petuely's selective medium for Bifidobacterium was improved by addition of riboflavin, nucleic acid bases, pyruvic acid, and nalidixic acid. The modified medium, when examined under strictly anaerobic conditions for efficient isolation of Bifidobacterium from human fecal samples, exhibited selective and high viable counts that were close to those found on the usual nonselective medium.     

一株双歧杆菌质粒聚合酶基因的PCR扩增和鉴定

目的PCR扩增人双歧杆菌天然质粒的聚合酶基因。方法用改良型MRS双歧杆菌选择培养基,从人新鲜粪便分离长双歧杆菌,PCR扩增长双歧杆菌质粒聚合酶(Bifidobacterium plasmid polymerase,BPP)基因,对BPP基因检测阳性的PCR产物通过序列分析,进行鉴定。结果人长双歧杆菌天然质粒的聚合酶基因PCR扩增后,经1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,测得BPP基因的相对分子质量约为1.9 kb。通过BLAST序列比对分析与GenBank中相应基因同源性为96%。结论成功克隆了1株双歧杆菌天然质粒的聚合酶基因,为构建与双歧杆菌宿主质粒相适应的载体奠定了基础。     

复合活菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清溶菌酶含量的影响

目的观察复合活菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清溶菌酶含量的影响。方法选择长白二元杂交断奶仔猪90头进行实验,断奶日龄为35 d。共分为5个组,每组设3个重复,每个重复随机选取健康仔猪6头。实验组一:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌,双歧杆菌,罗伊乳杆菌),实验组二:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌,双歧杆菌,干酪乳杆菌),实验组三:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌,双歧杆菌,嗜酸乳杆菌),实验组四:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌,双歧杆菌,罗伊乳杆菌,干酪乳杆菌,嗜酸乳杆菌),对照组:饲喂基础日粮。其中复合制剂中益生菌活菌数为109CFU/g。饲养30 d后观察复合活菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清溶菌酶含量的影响。结果在日增重、饲料效率及血清溶菌酶方面,实验组一和二显著高于对照组(P0.05);在腹泻率方面,实验组均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论在仔猪日粮中添加复合活菌制剂可提高每头断奶仔猪平均日增重及饲料效率,降低腹泻的发病率,且增高仔猪血清溶菌酶含量,提高仔猪的免疫机能,从而提高经济效益。     

The detection of Bifidobacterium adolescentis by colony hybridization as an indicator of human faecal pollution

AIMS: To develop an improved method for the detection of Bifidobacterium adolescentis as an indicator of human faecal pollution. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bifidobacterium medium (BFM) was identified as the optimal medium for the recovery of bifidobacteria from human effluent. Dilutions of faeces and effluent from both humans and animals were filtered, grown on BFM and human specific B. adolescentis identified via colony hybridization with a digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled oligonucleotide probe. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of BFM with colony probing allows the detection of B. adolescentis, a specific indicator of human faecal pollution. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: It is now technically feasible to use B. adolescentis as indicators of human faecal pollution, and studies to examine the survival and appropriateness of bifidobacteria in this role can be initiated.     

人源双歧杆菌的分离纯化及鉴定

利用改良的乳酸细菌（MRS）培养基从健康人群的粪便中进行双歧杆菌的分离筛选。结果表明：在添加有5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-β-D-半乳糖苷（X-Gal）的MRS培养基上双歧杆菌的菌落呈典型的乳白色并带有蓝色,其他菌株的菌落呈白色或深蓝色。实验共分离出10株疑似菌株,经生理生化试验和Biolog自动微生物分析系统鉴定,结果发现其中4株为双歧杆菌,这4株菌中有3株为两歧双歧杆菌,1株为长双歧杆菌。和传统MBS培养基相比较,改良MRS培养基能显著提高筛选效率。     

一种改良大便双歧杆菌计数方法

目的：研制一种大便双歧杆菌鉴别计数培养基。方法：利用大多数双歧杆菌具有半乳糖苷酶且活性较高的特性,在自制改良BS培养基中加入X-Gal(5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-β-D-半乳糖苷）作为底物,双歧杆菌水解底物释放出吲哚,产生颜色反应。结果：双歧杆菌菌落呈深蓝色。乳酸菌和其它细菌一般为白色或淡蓝色。结论：自制改良BS培养基上双歧杆菌与乳酸菌及其他细菌菌落有明显的鉴别性。适用于大便双歧杆菌鉴别计数。     

The effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum OFR9, a strain resistant to antituberculosis and antileprosy agents,on fecal flora in mice

Since Bifidobacterium bifidum, one of the strains of medical preparations used for human intestinal disorders, is sensitive to rifampicin (RFP) and fluoroquinolones, its therapeutic effect cannot be guaranteed when it is administered concomitantly with these antibiotics. To develop new strains of B. bifidum that are resistant to these drugs, B. bifidum RFR61, which is highly resistant to RFP, was selected by the N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) mutation method. Then, B. bifidum OFR9 was selected in vitro from B. bifidum RFR61 by serial passage to increasing concentrations of ofloxacin (OFLX) on a solid medium. The minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) of RFP and fluoroquinolones for B. bifidum OFR9 were >256 mg/ml and 16-256 &mgr;g/ml, respectively. We investigated the effects of B. bifidum OFR9 on the fecal bacterial flora of mice administered with both antibiotics and B. bifidum OFR9. The results showed that the concurrent use of B. bifidum OFR9 and antibiotics prevented the decrease of bifidobacteria, and quickly restored the flora to normal as compared with the use of antibiotic or parent strain therapy alone. The survival of Shigella organisms in mouse feces rapidly decreased, and were removed within two days as a result of the oral administration of B. bifidum OFR9.     

响应面法优化两歧双歧杆菌发酵培养基

根据两歧双歧杆菌的营养需要和生长特性,采用响应面分析法对两歧双歧杆菌的培养基进行优化研究。先用Plackett-Burman设计法实验确定重要因素,再用最陡爬坡实验法确定因素水平,最后用响应面分析方法求得的最佳培养基配方为经优化的发酵培养基配方为:酪蛋白胨1.0%,大豆蛋白胨0.5%,酵母膏1.63%,半胱氨酸盐酸盐0.0076%,低聚果糖0.13%,葡萄糖0.5%,K2HPO4 0.2%。用此优化的发酵培养基培养两歧双歧杆菌,活菌数可高达7.8×10~9 cfu/ml。     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸抗体的制备及其在双歧制品中的检测应用

目的制备双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸抗体并用以检测双歧制品中脂磷壁酸和双歧杆菌活菌的含量。方法提取两歧双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸,加甲基化牛血清白蛋白与佐剂免疫预先已用卡介苗进行多克隆激活的BALB／C小鼠,间接ELISA法检测抗体效价与特异性,用免疫血清经双抗体夹心ELISA法和免疫结合微量培养的方法分别检测酸奶中脂磷壁酸和双歧杆菌活菌量。结果免疫血清最高效价可达1：1280,与所测其他人体双歧杆菌种属存在较强交叉反应,与非双歧杆菌种属无交叉反应。对于脂磷壁酸和双歧杆菌活菌的含量检测取得良好结果,检测线可达10^5 CFU／ml。结论以双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸制备免疫血清,效价高,属特异性好,可用于双歧食品中脂磷壁酸和双歧杆菌活菌的含量检测。     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸和总DNA对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的比较双歧杆菌2种组分即双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸（LTA）和总DNA的免疫调节作用。方法分别提取和制备双歧杆菌LTA和总DNA。采用淋巴细胞转化法和溶血空斑法分别研究它们对小鼠细胞和体液免疫的调节作用。结果与对照组比较,双歧杆菌和总DNA对T细胞和B细胞都有明显的刺激作用（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,但是LTA的作用更强（P〈0．01）。结论双歧杆菌细胞壁的LTA和细胞核的总DNA均具有免疫调节作用,但前者效能优于后者。     

Influence of fermentation time, cryoprotectant and neutralization of cell concentrate on freeze-drying survival, storage stability, and acid and bile exposure of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis cells produced without milk-based ingredients

AIMS: To investigate the stability of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis VTT E-012010 (=Bb-12) during freeze-drying, storage and acid and bile exposure. The effect of harvesting time and composition and pH of the cryoprotectant on the survival was evaluated. The procedure was performed by using a milk-free culture medium and cryoprotectants to produce cells for nonmilk-based applications. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bifidobacterial cells were grown in fermenters in general edible medium for 15 or 22 h. The cell mass was freeze-dried either as non-neutralized or neutralized using sucrose, betaine or reconstituted skim milk (control) as cryoprotectants. For stability studies freeze-dried powders were stored at 37, 5 and -20 degrees C for 2-6 months. In addition, acid and bile tolerance of the powders was tested. Sucrose-formulated B. animalis ssp. lactis preparations had an excellent stability during storage at refrigerated and frozen temperatures for 5-6 months. They also had a good survival during storage at 37 degrees C for 2 months as well as during exposure to pH 3 and 1% bile acids. No difference was observed between 15 and 22 h grown cells or between non-neutralized and neutralized cells. Betaine proved to be a poor cryoprotectant compared with sucrose. CONCLUSIONS: Fermentation time and neutralization of cell concentrate before freeze-drying had no impact on the storage stability and bile and acid tolerance of freeze-dried bifidobacterial cells. The nonmilk-based production protocol using sucrose as a cryoprotectant yielded powdery preparations with excellent stability in adverse conditions (storage at elevated temperatures and during acid and bile exposure). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results indicate that it is feasible to develop nonmilk-based production technologies for probiotic cultures. This provides new possibilities for the development of nondairy-based probiotic products.     

大豆多糖对双歧杆菌及人肠道菌群生长的影响

目的研究大豆多糖对双歧杆菌及肠道菌群生长的影响。方法替换Bs培养基中的碳源,分为不加糖、加葡萄糖2％、加大豆多糖2％、加大豆多糖5％、加低聚果糖2％五组,加3种双歧杆菌（长双歧、青春双歧、两歧双歧）菌液1％,测其24h后的活菌数,比较大豆多糖对双歧杆菌生长的影响;替换Bs培养基中的碳源,分为不加糖、加葡萄糖2％、加大豆多糖2％,加低聚果糖2％四组,加人体粪便菌液1％,模拟人体肠道环境厌氧培养24h后,用选择性培养基测其肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的活菌数,观察大豆多糖对人体肠道菌群的影响。结果大豆多糖添加量为5％时对长双歧的促进作用明显优于不加糖组（P〈0．05）;大豆多糖对人体肠道各菌群的生长促进作用与低聚果糖差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论大豆多糖对长双歧杆菌的体外促进作用较明显;以粪菌群发酵糖试验表明,大豆多糖对乳杆菌和双歧杆菌均有促进作用,和低聚果糖作用效果相比差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,具有益生元的特性。