视觉能触发沟渠豹蛛雄蛛对雌蛛的求偶行为

以沟渠豹蛛Pardosa laura成熟雄蛛的求偶延迟时间和触肢伸展次数作为参数,观察研究了雄蛛通过视觉与处女雌蛛拖丝单独和共同诱导情况下的求偶反应,发现视觉是触发雄蛛求偶行为的主要信号,而雌蛛的拖丝则不能单独激发雄蛛的求偶行为,表明雄蛛能够通过视觉接受雌蛛的信号。在此基础上,又测定了雄蛛通过视觉接受亚成体雌蛛、处女雌蛛和交配未产卵雌蛛信号时的求偶反应,发现雄蛛对处女雌蛛和交配未产卵雌蛛的求偶动作次数显著多于亚成体雌蛛,表明雄蛛能够通过视觉区分雌蛛是否成熟,但是仅依靠视觉无法判断雌蛛是否已经交配。本实验表明视觉在沟渠豹蛛雄蛛对雌蛛识别过程中起着非常重要的作用,再次证实狼蛛的视觉比较发达。     

中国狼蛛科的系统发育

运用分支分析法,采用支序分析软件Phylip程序,以盗蛛科和褛网蛛科为外群,从形态、生态等方面选取了18个特征对中国狼蛛11个属(脉狼蛛属未在其列)进行支序分析。分析结果表明,马蛛亚科(包括马蛛属和水狼蛛属)最为原始,潮浪蛛亚科次之;熊蛛属和獾蛛属构成的分支更次,狼蛛亚科和豹蛛亚科构成姊妹群最为进化。所以潮浪蛛属、熊蛛属和獾蛛属应分别从狼蛛亚科中独立出来,皆自成亚科,分别名潮浪蛛亚科和獾蛛亚科。     

蜘蛛抗逆能力的研究

本文对隐蛛科的白斑隐蛛;狼蛛科的拟环纹豹蛛、星豹蛛、真水狼蛛、细毛水狼蛛;卷叶蛛科的猫卷叶蛛;栅蛛科的栓栅蛛;球蛛科的温室希蛛;皿蛛科的草间钻头蛛、难波小黑蛛、隆背微蛛、花腹盖蛛;园蛛科的黄斑园蛛;管巢蛛科的棕管巢蛛;蟹蛛科的三突花蛛;跳蛛科的吉蚁蛛等10科共16种蜘蛛做了在30 ℃恒温条件下的抗逆能力测定.结果表明,蜘蛛是一类抗逆能力较强的动物,只要供给水分,其雌蛛的平均寿命在25 d以上;水在蜘蛛生命活动中具有非常重要的作用,在相同的条件下,如果断食断水,蜘蛛的平均寿命显著缩短,只有6 d左右;由于蜘蛛种类和生活环境的不同,其耐饥饿的能力也表现出很大的差异,一般地面活动的蜘蛛或靠水边活动的蜘蛛耐饥、耐水能力较差,而游猎性蜘蛛,尤其是结网的蜘蛛抗逆能力较强;雌蛛的抗逆能力大于雄蛛;三突花蛛的耐饥能力随着龄期的增加而加强.     

中国微蛛亚科3新纪录属5新纪录种（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科）

记述了采自我国吉林省、新疆维吾尔自治区和湖北省皿蛛科微蛛亚科蜘蛛3新纪录属5新纪录种:双头蛛属,奇异双头蛛,盾大蛛属,尖盾大蛛;微玛蛛属,小突微玛蛛,双舟蛛属,叉胫双舟蛛,胫毛双舟蛛。     

温度对蜘蛛抗饥能力的影响

本文对隐蛛科的白斑隐蛛、狼蛛科的星豹蛛,栅蛛科的栓栅蛛,球蛛科的八斑鞘蛛,皿蛛科的花腹盖蛛,园蛛科的角类肥蛛,肖蛸科的鳞纹肖蛸,蟹蛛科的三突花蛛,管巢蛛科的粽管巢蛛,猫蛛科的斜纹猫蛛,跳蛛科的纵条蝇狮等11科11种蜘蛛的385头成蛛,296头2龄幼蛛和126头亚成蛛共计807头蜘蛛分别在20 ℃、25 ℃、30 ℃和35 ℃ 4种恒温条件下作了的抗饥能力研究.结果显示:(1)实验蜘蛛的2龄幼蛛、亚成蛛和成蛛抗饥能力的大小与温度的高低呈负相关,即随着温度的升高,抗饥能力减小.(2)由于蜘蛛种类不同,其抗饥能力的大小也表现出很大的差异.无论是2龄幼蛛还是成蛛,均以花腹盖蛛和鳞纹肖蛸抗饥能力最差;2龄幼蛛抗饥能力最强的是角类肥蛛;成蛛抗饥能力最强的是栓栅蛛、白斑隐蛛和角类肥蛛.(3)同一种蜘蛛,由于发育阶段不同其抗饥能力也表现出很大差异,随着蜘蛛发育阶段增长,其抗饥能力加强.在本实验条件下所有蜘蛛都是以2龄幼蛛抗饥能力较差,亚成蛛次之,成蛛的抗饥能力最强.     

贵州省茶园蜘蛛区系分布特征

经10多年考查和鉴定,记述了贵州省茶区蜘蛛26科204种,其中优势类群园蛛科50种、跳蛛科25种、肖蛸科20种、蟹蛛科14种、平腹蛛科13种,占总种数60%.全省性种类角类肥蛛、黄褐新园蛛、草间小黑蛛、食虫瘤胸蛛、三突花蛛、鞍形花蟹蛛、机敏蝇豹、纵条蝇狮、悦目金蛛、棒络新妇蛛、八斑鞘腹蛛、星豹蛛、棕管巢蛛、斜纹猫蛛、机敏漏斗蛛、浙江豹蛛、兰翠蛛、黑色蝇虎、茶色新园蛛和锥腹肖蛸等64种,占总种数31%.在我国动物区划中,贵州大部属于华中区的西部山地高原亚区,西部少数地区属于西南区的西南山地亚区.结合茶树适生格局,把茶园蜘蛛区系划分为:黔中山地丘陵区(Ⅰ)、黔东低山丘陵盆地区(Ⅱ)、黔南低山河谷区(Ⅲ)、黔北中山峡谷区(Ⅳ)、黔西高原中山区(Ⅴ).Ⅰ区发现蜘蛛21科137种,占全省总种数67%;常见的优势种有角类肥蛛、黄褐新园蛛、灌木新园蛛、青新园蛛和悦目金蛛等37种,占该区蜘蛛总种数27%;特有种为山地艾蛛、畸形艾蛛、对称曲腹蛛、西山新园蛛、小青新园蛛、四点亮腹蛛、桐庐指蛛、锯胸微蛛、黑底狼蛛、中华刺足蛛、裂额银斑蛛、贵州花蟹蛛和三斑花蟹蛛等13种.Ⅱ区发现蜘蛛26科185种,占全省总种数91%;优势种有角类肥蛛、棕管巢蛛、毁坏管巢蛛、斜纹猫蛛和三突花蛛等31种,占该区蜘蛛总种数17%;特有种有中华蟱蛛、棒络新妇蛛、四斑粗螯蛛、风雅丽蛛和江安七纺蛛等58种.Ⅲ区发现蜘蛛15科92种,占总种数45%;优势种为角类肥蛛、草间小黑蛛、食虫瘤胸蛛、驼背额角蛛和八斑鞘腹蛛等18种,占该区蜘蛛总种数20%.特有种为圆腹艾蛛、椭圆新园蛛、横带隆背蛛和凤振粗螯蛛等4种.Ⅳ区发现蜘蛛15科76种,占全省总种数37%;优势种为角类肥蛛、机敏漏斗蛛、机敏蝇豹、纵条蝇狮和黑色蝇虎等18种,占该区蜘蛛总种数24%.Ⅴ区发现蜘蛛14科64种,占总种数31%;优势种为角类肥蛛、黄褐新园蛛、机敏漏斗蛛、机敏蝇豹、黄斑菲蛛等15种,占该区蜘蛛总种数23%;Ⅳ和Ⅴ区无特有种类.Ⅲ区雨、热和光照条件较优越,但其为新辟茶区,蜘蛛种数少于Ⅰ和Ⅱ区.从西北部高寒山区向东部低丘,海拔明显降低,气候从北亚热带过渡到中亚热带,雨量、光照和积温加大,茶树等农林作物增多,茶园蜘蛛种类增多.     

花和田蜘蛛群落的研究

在花生田共采集到蜘蛛４１种,隶属于１２科、２７属。游猎型蜘蛛主要是狼蛛科、跳蛛科、猫蛛科和管巢蛛科的种类,所占比例较高,在春花生田为６０．９１～８６．２１％,秋药生田为５０．４０～９０．３６％。结网蜘蛛主要是皿蛛、珠蛛、肖蛸和小型园蛛。在花生的不同生长季节有不同的优势科和优势种。春花生男的优势科是狼蛛科、皿蛛科和猫蛛科,优势种是类水狼蛛、拟环纹豹蛛、脉蜗蛛、食虫沟瘤蛛和斜纹猫蛛;狼蛛科、猫蛛科和球     

花生田蜘蛛群落的研究

在花生田共采集到蜘蛛41种,隶属于12科、27属。游猎型蜘蛛主要是狼蛛科、跳蛛科、猫蛛科和管巢蛛科的种类,所占比例较高,在春花生田为60.91％～86.21％,秋花生田为50.40％～90.36％。结网蜘蛛主要是皿蛛、球蛛、肖蛸和小型园蛛。在花生的不同生长季节有不同的优势科和优势种。春花生田的优势科是狼蛛科、皿蛛科和猫蛛科,优势种是类水狼蛛、拟环纹豹蛛、脉娲蛛、食虫沟瘤蛛和斜纹猫蛛;狼蛛科、猫蛛科和球蛛科是秋花生田的优势科、脉娲蛛、斜纹猫蛛和八斑鞘蛛为优势种。     

中国园蛛7新种（蛛形纲：蜘蛛目）

报道了我国园蛛科7新种,即:云南园蛛Araneus yunnanensis、景洪金蛛Argiopejing hongensis、长垂驼蛛Cyphalonolus elongalus、石门壮头蛛Chorizopes shimenensis、勐海曲腹蛛Cyrlarachne menghaiensis 、文山肥蛛Larinia wenshanensis 和十字亮腹蛛Singa cruciformis。     

中国数种熊蛛研究(蜘蛛目:狼蛛科)

记述我国狼蛛科熊蛛属５种,其中２新种为：沟谷熊蛛,三齿熊蛛,１种雄性新发现：湄潭熊蛛１９９３,中国２新纪录种;掠熊蛛富士熊蛛。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.