迷迭香酸对几种植物病原真菌的抗菌活性*

研究了迷迭香酸对不同植物病原真菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制活性。试验结果表明,迷迭香酸对供试的8种植物病原真菌菌丝生长均有抑制作用,其中对番茄灰霉病菌、芒果灰斑病菌、柑桔青霉和梨黑斑病菌抑制作用较强,EC50分别为615．04μg/mL、698．23μg/mL、714．50μg/mL和809．10μg/mL;对杉木猝倒病菌和苹果树腐烂病菌抑制作用次之,EC50分别为1039．92μg／mL和1044．72μg/mL;对松枯梢病菌和种实霉烂病菌的抑制作用较弱,EC50分别为1256．90μg/mL和1270．87μg/mL。迷迭香酸对供试的6种植物病原真菌孢子萌发也有明显的抑制作用,EC50大致在400～700μg/mL范围,其中对梨黑斑病菌孢子萌发抑制作用最强,EC50为395．37μg/mL。     

喷昔洛韦体外抗疱疹病毒活性的研究

为评价新合成的喷昔洛韦的细胞毒性和抗疱疹病毒活性,通过观察病毒感染细胞的CPE、病毒滴度、抗病毒指数,从而判定喷昔洛韦的抗疱疹病毒作用.结果发现喷昔洛韦对HEL细胞、Hep-2细胞的半数中毒浓度(TD\-50)分别为105.2μg/mL和85.1μg/mL;对HSV-1、HSV-2、VZV、HSV-1吴株的平均半数抑制浓度(IC\-50)分别为21.78μg/mL、20.15μg/mL、23.19μg/mL和17.87μg/mL,对各毒株的治疗指数分别为5.84、6.31、5.49和7.11.故喷昔洛韦是一种有效体外抗疱疹病毒药物.     

喷昔洛韦体外抗疱疹病毒活性的研究

为评价新合成的喷昔洛韦的细胞毒性和抗疱疹病毒活性 ,通过观察病毒感染细胞的CPE、病毒滴度、抗病毒指数 ,从而判定喷昔洛韦的抗疱疹病毒作用。结果发现喷昔洛韦对HEL细胞、Hep 2细胞的半数中毒浓度 (TD50 )分别为 10 5 .2 μg/mL和 85 .1μg/mL ;对HSV 1、HSV 2、VZV、HSV 1吴株的平均半数抑制浓度 (IC50 )分别为2 1.78μg/mL、2 0 .15 μg/mL、2 3.19μg/mL和 17.87μg/mL ,对各毒株的治疗指数分别为 5 .84、6 .31、5 .49和 7.11。故喷昔洛韦是一种有效体外抗疱疹病毒药物     

沙蜇(Stomolophus meleagris)刺丝囊毒素生物活性的初步分析

从沙蜇触手提取刺丝囊细胞毒素,并对该毒素进行溶血活性、致死活性、SOD活性和抗肿瘤活性的研究。结果显示,沙蜇毒素具有明显的溶血活性,其半溶血率(HU50)约为10.5μg/ml;该毒素还对草鱼显示出较强的致死活性,半致死量(LD50)为50μg毒素/g鱼;同时该毒素具有明显的SOD活性和抗肿瘤活性,当毒素浓度为18μg/ml时其总SOD活性为161 U/mg,而毒素浓度为1 mg/ml时,该毒素对肝癌细胞Bel-7402表现出显著的抑制效果,其抑制率达到54.9%。因此,有必要对沙蜇毒素内的生物活性组分进行深入研究,为沙蜇毒素的开发利用提供依据。     

白皮锦鸡儿酚类化合物及其生物活性（英文）

从豆科植物白皮锦鸡儿(Caragana leucophloea Pojark.)地上部分分离到3个酚类化合物,经理化方法和波谱分析鉴定为鹅掌楸苷(1)、香草酸(2)和绿原酸(3)。化合物1和2表现出较好的抗细菌活性,半抑制浓度(IC50)为8.11~22.88μg/m L。2和3则表现出一定的抗真菌活性,对稻瘟菌孢子萌发的IC50值分别为105.04μg/m L和32.26μg/m L,对西瓜枯萎病菌生长的IC50值为108.45μg/m L和45.26μg/m L。2和3对秀丽隐杆线虫也有一定的抑制活性,当处理线虫48 h时,IC50值分别为46.57μg/m L和55.17μg/m L。此外,2具有一定的抗氧化活性,对羟基自由基清除的IC50值为67.96μg/m L;对Fe2+表现出一定的螯合能力,IC50值为93.59μg/m L。上述酚类化合物均为首次从白皮锦鸡儿中分离得到。     

二化螟滞育幼虫与非滞育幼虫的抗药性比较研究

在室内测定了二化螟滞育幼虫与非滞育幼虫对杀虫单和三唑磷的抗药性。测试结果表明,二化螟滞育幼虫比非滞育幼虫具有更高的抗药性。杀虫单对二化螟滞育幼虫与非滞育幼虫的LD50分别为24．3452μg／头与10．4721μg／头;三唑磷的LD50分别为0．0685μg／头和0．0497μg/头.     

从天然提取物或分离部位中以烯醇式丙酮酸转移酶为靶点的抗细菌活性筛选

目的是以烯醇式丙酮酸转移酶(EPT)为靶点筛选其抑制剂,以期寻找抗细菌活性样品。实验是在96％孔酶标板上对来源于169个科、560个属、916种动植物2490个提取物或分离部位样品在EPT模型上进行了批量筛选。结果表明在96.15μg/ml浓度下发现了来源于80个科、169个届、218个种的309个样品有活性,其中14个样品的IC50小于10．00μg/ml,40个样品的IC50在10．01-30．00μg/ml范围,83个样品的IC50在30．01—50．00μg/ml范围,172个样品的IC50在50．01—96.15μg/ml范围。通过以上工作我们认为以烯醇式丙酮酸转移酶为分子靶点的体外筛选方法稳定、方便、快速、微量、有效,特别适用于天然产物的抗细菌活性筛选。     

天麻醒脑胶囊对家兔血小板聚集和花生四烯酸诱导大鼠脑血栓形成的影响

采用比浊方法测定天麻醒脑胶囊在体内和体外对腺苷二磷酸（ADP）、花生四烯酸（arachidonic acid,AA）和血小板活化因子（platelet activating factor,PAF）诱导家兔血小板活化聚集的影响。采用从经大鼠颈内动脉注射诱发同侧大脑半球脑血栓形成方法评价天麻醒脑胶囊的抗脑血栓形成作用。天麻醒脑胶囊在体外呈浓度依赖性明显抑制从和ADP引起的血小板聚集,其半数抑制浓度（50％of inhibitory concentration,IC50）分别为1．83和3．25g/L。0．5和1g/kg的天麻醒脑胶囊于灌胃后明显抑制从诱导的家兔血小板聚集,本品1g/kg时显著阻抑ADP引起的血小板聚集。天麻醒脑胶囊在体内外对PAF诱导的血小板聚集均无明显影响。1、2g/kg天麻醒脑胶囊组的右侧与左侧脑重差值均显著减小,显著降低右脑伊文思蓝吸光度与右脑重的比值。结果提示,天麻醒脑胶囊具有较强的抗血小板和减轻脑血栓形成作用,有利于血小板聚集性增高的血栓栓塞性疾病的防治。     

沱茶中抗自由基化学成分的研究

对沱茶(Camellia sinensis var．assamica)的水提取物、50％甲醇提取物、甲醇提取物进行了DPPH自由基清除作用的研究,实验结果表明,水提取物和50％甲醇提取物均具有较强的清除自由基作用,其半数抑制率(IC50)分别为6．07μg／mL和5．01μg／mL,而甲醇提取物清除自由基作用的活性则较弱,其半数抑制率(IC50)为39．63μg/mL。利用层析等手段分别从抗自由基活性较强的水提取物的甲醇可溶部分分离获得了20种化合物,其中,10种化合物(2、5、6、11、12、13、16、17、18、19)为首次从该植物中得到的化合物;DPPH自由基清除活性研究结果表明,其中化合物(1、4、7、9、10、12、14、18)的活性强于阳性对照品抗坏血酸和咖啡酸。比较分析化合物的结构与其活性的关系,发现结构中苯环上有邻位羟基的化合物其清除自由基的活性较强,而且羟基越多活性越强。     

内生芬芳镰刀菌Dzf2中两个抗菌活性成分(英文)

采用活性追踪的方法从盾叶薯蓣内生芬芳镰刀菌Dzf2中分离到两个抗菌活性成分,通过物理化学性质和波谱学特征鉴定为镰刀菌酸(1)和9,10-脱氢镰刀菌酸(2)。采用多孔板-MTT-比色法和孢子萌发法测定了化合物的抗菌活性。镰刀菌酸和9,10-脱氢镰刀菌酸对供试细菌的半抑制浓度(IC50)值为35.35μg/mL至171.29μg/mL;对稻瘟菌孢子萌发的IC50值分别为28.83μg/mL和27.06μg/mL。     

Evaluation of used Purslane extracts in Tris extenders on cryopreserved goat sperm

This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effects of Purslane aqueous extract (PAE), Purslane methanolic extract (PME) and Purslane ethanolic extract (PEE on the quality of frozen-thawed goat spermatozoa. Collected semen with motility >75% and sperm concentration >1.0 × 10⁹ sperm/ml was pooled and divided into 10 equal aliquots and supplemented by basic extender containing 25, 50 or 100 μg/ml of Purslane aqueous extract (PAE_25μg/ml, PAE_50μg/ml, PAE_100μg/ml, respectively), basic extender containing 25, 50 or 100 μg/ml of Purslane methanolic extract (PME_25μg/ml, PME_50μg/ml, PME_100μg/ml, respectively), basic extender containing 25, 50 or 100 μg/ml of Purslane ethanolic extract (PEE_25μg/ml, PEE_50μg/ml, PEE_100μg/ml, respectively). Control diluent contained no additives. For the determination of sperm quality, frozen straws were thawed and then the sperm characteristics were assessed. Results indicated that higher (P < 0.05) percentages of total motility, viability, mitochondrial activity and lower percentages of malondialdehyde (MDA) for PAE_50μg/ml, PME_50μg/ml and PEE_50μg/ml than those of the control. In addition, PME_50μg/ml resulted in the highest) P < 0.05) total motility and the lowest (P < 0.05) MDA levels compared to other treatments. Compared to the control group, PME_50μg/ml resulted in higher integrity (P < 0.05) of plasma membranes and in lower amounts of apoptotic and dead spermatozoa. PME_50μg/ml and PAE_50μg/ml showed higher (P < 0.05) percentages of progressive motility, DNA integrity and live post-thawed spermatozoa than those of the control. No significant differences in the motility, viability, mitochondrial activity and number of live sperms were observed between PME_50μg/ml and PAE_50μg/ml treatments. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that 50 μg/ml purslane extracts could be used for the cryopreservation. However, the results of methanolic extract was more beneficial compared to other extracts.     

Synthesis of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid from gluconic acid by co-immobilized Gluconobacter oxydans and Corynebacterium sp.

2-Keto-L-gulonic acid was produced from gluconic acid using co-immobilized cells of Gluconobacter oxydans and Corynebacterium sp. with 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid. Gluconobacter oxydans and Corynebacterium sp. were entrapped together with polyvinylalcohol and alginate. 50 g/l glucose, 50 g/l gluconic acid, and the mixture of equal volume of 50 g/l glucose and 50 g/l gluconic acid were used as substrates. When the ratio of two cells was 1 to 1 with 100 mg cells/ml, the conversion of 2-KLG from gluconic acid was 38% (g/g). © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

Chemopreventive Effects of Minor Dietary Constituents in Common Foods on Human Cancer Cells

Epidemiological evidence has sugged that vegetables and fruits may have a role in cancer prevention. The aim of the present study was to examine the anti-proliferative activity of ten related pure compounds from common vegetables and fruits. Studies were conducted on a series of carcinoma cells derived from eight human organs. The results show that linalool possessed the strongest activity against nine carcinoma cells, and that baicalein and luteolin also exhibited a broad spectrum of anti-proliferative activities. Among them, linalool showed the strongest activity against carcinoma of the cervix (IC₅₀: 0.37 μg/ml), stomach (IC₅₀: 14.1 μg/ml), skin (IC₅₀: 14.9 μg/ml), lung (IC₅₀: 21.5 μg/ml) and bone (IC₅₀: 21.7 μg/ml). As for the flavonoids, luteolin exhibited the strongest activity against carcinoma of the stomach (IC₅₀: 7.1 μg/ml), cervix (IC₅₀: 7.7 μg/ml), lung (IC₅₀: 11.7 μg/ml) and bladder (IC₅₀: 19.5 μg/ml), whereas baicalein possessed the strongest anti-proliferative activity against carcinoma of the cervix (IC₅₀: 9.8 μg/ml), stomach (IC₅₀: 16.1 μg/ml) and skin (IC₅₀: 19.5 μg/ml). The present study indicates that linalool possessed the strongest activity against a broad spectrum of carcinoma cells, especially cervical carcinoma cells, suggesting that linalool and flavonoids are partially responsible for the cancer prevention of common vegetables and fruits.     

Influence of substrate concentration on the stability and yield of continuous biohydrogen production

The effect of substrate concentration (sucrose) on the stability and yield of a continuous fermentative process producing hydrogen was studied. High substrate concentrations are attractive from an energy standpoint as they would minimise the energy required for heating. The reactor was a CSTR; temperature was maintained at 35 degrees C; pH was controlled between 5.2 and 5.3, and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 12 h. Online measurements were taken for ORP, pH, temperature, %CO2, gas output and %H2, and data logged using a MatLAB data acquisition toolbox. Steady-state operation was obtained at 10, 20 and 40 g/L of sucrose in the influent, but a subsequent step change to 50 g/L was unsustainable. The hydrogen content ranged between 50% and 60%. The yield of hydrogen decreased as the substrate concentration increased from 1.7 +/- 0.2 mol/mol hexose added at 10 g/L, to 0.8 +/- 0.1 mol/mol at 50 g/L. Sparging with nitrogen improved the hydrogen yield by at least 35% at 40 g/L and at least 33% at 50 g/L sucrose. Sparging also enabled steady-state operation at 50 g/L sucrose. Addition of an extra 4 g/L of n-butyric acid to the reactor operating at 40 g/L sucrose increased the butyrate concentration from 9,830 to 18,900 mg/L, immediately stopping gas production and initiating the production of propionate, whilst the addition of 2 g/L taking the butyrate concentration to 12,200 mg/L did not do so. It was shown that operation at 50 g/L sucrose in a CSTR in butyrate fermentation is possible.     

四种野生食用菌粗多糖的抗氧化活性

利用DPPH自由基清除法、羟基自由基(OH.)清除法、铁离子鳌合能力及测定还原能力等方法对鸡油菌Cantharellus cibarius、变绿红菇Russula virescens、蜜环菌Armillaria mellea和棕灰口蘑Tricholoma myomyces等4种食用菌的粗多糖进行了抗氧化活性评价。结果显示,4种真菌粗多糖均不同程度地具有抗氧化活性。在DPPH自由基清除试验中,棕灰口蘑和蜜环菌表现出很强的活性,其EC50值分别为1.35 g/L、1.53 g/L;棕灰口蘑和蜜环菌对羟基自由基的清除能力也要优于其他2种食用菌,其EC50值分别为0.65 g/L、0.78 g/L;棕灰口蘑的铁离子螯合能力明显优于其他3种测试菌,其EC50值为1.69 g/L;在还原力方面同样是棕灰口蘑活性最强,蜜环菌次之,其EC50值为1.05 g/L、1.37 g/L。     

二化螟盘绒茧蜂及稻虱缨小蜂对挥发物的嗅觉反应

【目的】揭示二化螟盘绒茧蜂Apanteles chilonis Munakata与稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus nilaparvatae对单一水稻挥发物组分的选择行为,了解水稻挥发物在其寄主搜寻过程中的作用,为水稻害虫寄生蜂引诱剂的研发提供技术基础。【方法】利用Y型嗅觉仪测定了二化螟盘绒茧蜂与稻虱缨小蜂对11种水稻挥发物组分(反-2-己烯醛、α-蒎烯、乙酸叶醇酯、芳樟醇、β-石竹烯、反-3-己烯醛、水杨酸甲酯、罗勒烯、苯甲醛、2-壬酮、柠檬烯)的嗅觉行为反应。【结果】β-石竹烯(10、50μg/kg)、罗勒烯(0.1、1、10μg/kg)、2-壬酮(10μg/kg)及反-2-己烯醛(50μg/kg)对二化螟盘绒茧蜂行为具有显著影响;稻虱缨小蜂对反-2-己烯醛(50μg/kg)、反-3-己烯醛(1、10、50μg/kg)、芳樟醇(0.1、1、10μg/kg)、β-石竹烯(0.1、50μg/kg)、罗勒烯(1μg/kg)、α-蒎烯(1μg/kg)和水杨酸甲酯(0.1、1、10、50μg/kg)有显著的嗅觉反应。【结论】寄生蜂对水稻挥发性气味的识别与挥发物的种类和浓度有很大关系,研发水稻害虫寄生蜂的引诱剂时需考虑挥发物的种类与浓度。     

卡泊芬净、米卡芬净对念珠菌体外药物敏感性的动态研究

目的 动态研究卡泊芬净、米卡芬净体外对念珠菌的药物敏感性.方法 参照CLSI公布的M-27A方案微量液体稀释法分别测定卡泊芬净、米卡芬净、氟康唑对85株念珠菌的体外敏感性,并连续7d观测结果.结果 48 h卡泊芬净对白念珠菌、光滑念珠菌及其他念珠菌MIC50、MIC90中位数分别为0.030μg/mL、0.030 μg/mL,0.060μg/mL、0.125 μg/mL,0.125 μg/mL、0.500 μg/mL.48 h米卡芬净对白念珠菌、光滑念珠菌及其他念珠菌MIC50、MIC90中位数分别为0.030 μg/mL、0.030 μg/mL,0.060 μg/mL、0.060 μg/mL,0.250 μg/mL、0.500 μg/mL.48 h氟康唑对白念珠菌、光滑念珠菌及其他念珠菌MIC80、MIC100中位数分别为2μg/mL、128 μg/mL,64 μg/mL、128 μg/mL,2μg/mL、32μg／mL.85株念珠菌中未见对3种药物同时耐药的菌株.卡泊芬净组白念珠菌MIC50、MIC90 24 h后不再升高;光滑念珠菌MIC50 72 h后不再升高,MIC90 120 h后不再升高;其他念珠菌组MIC50 168 h、MIC90 96 h后不再升高.米卡芬净组白念珠菌、光滑念珠菌MIC50、MIC90 24 h后不再升高;其他念珠菌MIC50、MIC90在72 h后不再升高.结论卡泊芬净、米卡芬净对念珠菌属有较好的抗菌作用,其中对白念珠菌、光滑念珠菌作用更强,且MICs随着作用时间延长而升高并存在药物特异性和念珠菌种属特异性.     

穿心莲内酯抗铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜及与阿奇霉素协同抗菌作用

目的研究穿心莲内酯抗铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜及与阿奇霉素协同抗菌作用。方法微量倍比稀释法测定穿心莲内酯对铜绿假单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,棋盘稀释法测定穿心莲内酯和阿奇霉素协同抗菌作用,MTT法测定穿心莲内酯对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的最小抑膜浓度（SMIC）,显微镜下观察药物对生物膜形态的影响。结果穿心莲内酯对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC 50μg/mL,和阿奇霉素有协同抗菌作用。穿心莲内酯对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的SMIC501天25μg/mL、3天25μg/mL、7天50μg/mL;SMIC801天50μg/mL、3天50μg/mL、7天100μg/mL,形态观察提示穿心莲内酯SMIC80浓度对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜的抑制作用明显。结论穿心莲内酯具有抗铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜作用,对阿奇霉素也有协同抗菌作用。     

DEAE-葡聚糖在SHIV病毒TCID50滴定及扩增中的作用

目的 确定DEAE-葡聚糖对CEMx174细胞的半数抑制浓度,明确其在SHIV病毒TCID50滴定及病毒扩增中的促进作用.方法 分别使用含DEAE和无DEAE的DMEM完全培养基测定SHIVchn19p7的TCID50.用无血清DMEM培养基系列稀释DEAE,加入CEMx174细胞,使用cck-8测定细胞破坏率.分别选取DEAE浓度为28.125μg/mL和14.0625μg/mL的无血清DMEM培养基对CEMx174细胞预处理3 h.再加入SHIV-KB9病毒液,定期测定培养上清中的P24水平,同时做正常病毒对照和DEAE-1640对照,比对不同处理下的病毒扩增情况.结果 使用了DEAE后,SHIVchn19p7的TCID50达到了3.16×104TCID50/mL,不使用DEAE,病毒的TCID50测定为阴性.DEAE对CEMx174细胞的IC50为44.85μg/mL.经浓度为28.125μg/mL和14.0625 μg/mL的DEAE预处理后,SHIV-KB9病毒扩增在13 d～17 d达到高峰.而用不含DEAE的1640生长液培养的实验孔在19 d才开始出现阳性反应.结论 高浓度的DEAE对细胞有较强的杀伤作用,低浓度的DEAE对细胞的破坏率较低,并且能显著促进病毒扩增.DEAE在病毒进入细胞的过程中确实起了重要的作用.     

Mechanism of NF-κB signaling pathway and autophagy in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Objective: The objective of the present work was to investigate a possible mechanism of NF-κB signaling pathway and autophagy in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation, and provide experimental basis for the study of tooth eruption disorder.

Methods: Mouse osteoblast-like (MC3T3-E1) cells were inoculated with a cell density of 70%. According to the grouping experimental design, Western blot and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) detection were conducted after dosing for 24?h. The cells were divided into the following five groups: blank control group; 6.25?µg/mL SN50 group; 12.5?µg/mL SN50 group; 25?µg/mL SN50 group and 50?µg/mL SN50 group.

Results: Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of LC3 protein was present in the blank control group; 6.25?µg/mL SN50 group; 12.5?µg/mL SN50 group and 50?µg/mL SN50 group, with no significant differences among these groups. However, the expression of LC3 protein was significantly lower in the 25?µg/mL SN50 group. MDC detection showed that, in the blank control group; 6.25?µg/mL SN50 group; 12.5?µg/mL SN50 group and 50?µg/mL SN50 group, there was obvious green fluorescence in the cytoplasm of the osteoblasts. However, in the 25?µg/mL SN50 group, it was found that there were significantly fewer green fluorescent particles.

Conclusion: The osteoblast itself had a strong function of autophagy. The appropriate concentration of SN50 in blocking the NF-κB pathway of the osteoblast was associated with the obvious inhibition of autophagy. However, the relationship between NF-κB signaling pathway and autophagy in the process of tooth eruption requires further study.