A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Polygala</Emphasis> subgenus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hebeclada</Emphasis> (Polygalaceae) from central Brazil

Polygala pauciramosa, a new species from the Federal District and the state of Goiás is described, illustrated, and compared with related species of Polygala subgenus Hebeclada. The new species is an herb that grows in seasonally to permanently wet savannas. A key to the species of Polygala subgenus Hebeclada from Goiás state, Brazil is provided.     

Four new species of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from Brazil and updated identification keys

Four new species of longhorn beetles are described from Brazil: Coleoxestia diamantina n. sp. (Cerambycinae, Cerambycini), from Bahia; Mirador bravoi n. sp. (Cerambycinae, Ectenessini), from Bahia; Compsibidion antonietae n. sp. (Cerambycinae, Neoibidionini), from Goiás, Bahia and São Paulo; and Amphicnaeia quadrifasciata n. sp. (Lamiinae, Apomecynini) from Bahia. Coleoxestia diamantina and Compsibidion antonietae are included in previous keys.     

A new species of Camptosema (Leguminosae: Lotoideae) from the Planalto of Brazil

Camptosema douradense (Leguminosae: Lotoideae) is described. The species is known only from the type locality and its vicinity, the summit of the Serra Dourada near the town of Goiás Velho in the State of Goiás, Brazil.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyptis kramerioides</Emphasis> (Lamiaceae), a new species from central Brazil with notes on subsect. Passerinae

A new species of Hyptis sect. Eriosphaeria (Lamiaceae) from Goiás (Brazil) is described, illustrated and compared with related species in sect. Eriosphaeria subsect. Passerinae. An evaluation of the species of the group and a key to identification is provided.     

Increments to genus Chamaecrista (Caesalpiniaceae: Cassiinae) from Bolivia and from Atlantic and Planaltine Brazil

Six taxa of genusChamaecrista are described: In sect.Apoucouita (Bentham) Irwin & Barneby,Ch. amorimii Barneby andCh. pteropoda Barneby, both from Atlantic Bahia; in sect.Absus ser.Incurvatae Irwin & Barneby,Ch. caspariifolia Barneby andCh. linearifolia var.latifolia Barneby, both from interior Minas Gerais; in sect.Absus ser.Hedysaroides Irwin & Barneby,Ch. fulgida Barneby, from northern Goiás; and in ser.Prostratae (Bentham) Irwin & Barneby,Ch. chiquitana Barneby, from lowland Bolivia. The affinities and differential characters of each are pointed out, and all but var.latifolia are illustrated.     

Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Serra da Mesa,Northern Goiás State,Brazil, with Descriptions of New Species

Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the area of the Serra da Mesa reservoir, northern Goiás State, Brazil was studied. A. pastaza (Stark, 2001) is recorded and two new species (A. brandaoi and A. tinga) are described.     

Two new species of Alstroemeria L. (Alstroemeriaceae) from Brazil

Alstroemeria hygrophila andA. orchidioides are both described as new from the state of Goiás (including Distrito Federal) in Brazil.Alstroemeria hygrophila is a cerrado bog-dwelling species that grows semi-epiphytically on the culms of a sedge. The vegetative stems of this species characteristically zig-zag between the pseudonodes. Like other wetlandAlstroemeria in Brazil (e.g.,A. apertiflora, A. isabellana, andA. sellowiana),A. hygrophila has wiry stems bearing narrow, lanceolate, nonresupinate leaves, and does not form root tubers.Alstroemeria orchidioides is a hysteranthus forest understory species with large vegetative leaves aggregated at the apex of the stems. The leaves on flowering stems are reduced to scarious bract-like scales. Its flowers are a pale, nearly white, greenish yellow, a color not reported in any other Brazilian species. Both species have 2n=16 chromosomes.     

Description of the larva and redescription of the adult of Kempnyia neotropica Jacobsen and Bianchi (Plecoptera: Perlidae) with biological notes

Kempnyia neotropica is the species with the widest distribution in this genus. In this work, samples collected in the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and São Paulo were analysed, confirming that all belong to a single species. The larva is described, the adult is redescribed and biological notes are presented.     

A new species of Sanicula L. (Umbelliferae/Apiaceae) endemic to Baja California, Mexico

A new species of the genusSanicula (sect.Sanicoria) endemic to the southern Sierra Juárez of Baja California, Mexico, is described and illustrated.Sanicula moranii resemblesS. deserticola andS. bipinnatifida, but has thicker basal leaves, with broader petioles and rachises, and shorter fruit prickles that are confined to the apical part of the mericarps. The taxonomic relationships of these species are discussed, along with aspects of their distribution and habitat.

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Resumen  Una neuva especie del géneroSanicula (secciónSanicoria) endémica de la Sierra Juárez de Baja California, México, es descrita e ilustrada.Sanicula moranii presenta similitud conS. deserticola yS. bipinnatifida, no obstante tiene gruesas hojas basales con pecíolos y raquis anchos, y espínulas del fruto más cortas que se distribuyen únicamente en la parte apical de los mericarpos. Además, se comentan las relaciones taxonómicas de las tres especies, así como algunos aspectos de sus distribuciones y hábitats.

     

Monitoring of resistance or susceptibility of adults and larvae of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Amblyomma cajennense</Emphasis> (Acari: Ixodidae) to synthetic acaricides in Goiás,Brazil

Amblyomma cajennense or the Cayenne tick is a three-host ixodid tick species of low parasitic specificity that is the principal vector of Brazilian spotted fever. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the possible development of resistance by adult specimens of A. cajennense to deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and the principal miticide/acaricide commercially available in the region. The second objective was to monitor the susceptibility and/or resistance of larvae of this species to 12 synthetic acaricide formulations selected from the principal pesticides available in Goiás for the control of ticks. Unfed male and female adult specimens of A. cajennense were collected from leaves of bushes along a nature trail in the municipality of Caldas Novas, Goiás, Brazil. They were submitted to immersion in the highest recommended dose of deltamethrin and subsequently, were placed in contact with filter paper impregnated with the substance. The toxicological effects caused by the insecticide were observed every 6 h over a 36 h period. To obtain larvae, engorged females of A. cajennense were collected from naturally infested horses that had been free of acaricidal residue for at least 45 days, in farms situated in five different municipalities in the state (Caldas Novas, Hidrolandia, Goiás, Terezópolis and Goiania). The larvae were exposed to different concentrations of 12 commercially available acaricidal formulations using the larval packet test (LPT) method. The control groups were treated with distilled water alone. The bioassays were performed in quadruplicate at a temperature of 27°C, relative air humidity >80% and 12 h light/dark cycles. The mean percentage of mortality (M[`(X)] M\bar{X} ) was 72.6% in the adult specimens after 24 h of expsure to the dose of deltamethrin recommended by the manufacturer, characterizing a status of resistance. M[`(X)] M\bar{X} of 82, 89, 89.6 and 90% of the larvae were obtained, respectively, for deltamethrin, cypermethrin + piperonyl butoxide (PBO), amitraz and permethrin, characterizing a status of probable resistance of the larvae to these acaricides. No significant mortality was found in the control groups.     

Biting behaviour and potential vector status of anthropophilic blackflies in a new focus of human onchocerciasis at Minaçu, central Brazil

Monthly collections were made of man‐biting female blackflies: Simulium auripellitum Enderlein, S. guianense Wise, S. minusculum Lutz and S. nigrimanum Macquart (Diptera: Simuliidae) from four catching stations in the newly discovered focus of human onchocerciasis at Minaçu (13°35′ S 48°18′ W), 300 km north of Brasília in Goiás State. These provided baseline data on biting habits, population density and seasonal prevalence during the year before completion of the Serra da Mesa hydroelectric dam on the Rio Tocantins near Minaçu, in a project investigating the effect of dam construction on onchocerciasis transmission in the area. All four simuliid species were most abundant during the dry season, and only bit in low numbers (S. auripellitum S.minusculum, S. nigrimanum) or were absent (S. guianense) in the wet season. Simulium minusculum was the predominant species at all catching stations, being particularly abundant by the large River Tocantins. The other three species were mainly associated with smaller rivers. In the dry season, biting rhythms of S. minusculum varied with catching site, while S. nigrimanum showed peaks of activity in early morning and during the afternoon. Experimental infection with Onchocerca volvulus (Leuckart) (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), from a human volunteer, showed that this parasite could develop fully in the four simuliid species, which are all considered to be potential vectors in the area.     

Rhabditis (Rhabditis) freitasi sp.n. and Rhabditis (Rhabditis) costai sp.n. (Nematoda-Rhabditidae) isolated from bovine otitis

The author described two new species of Nematoda-Rhabditidae collected from the auditory meatus of catle with ear infection: Rhabditis (Rhabditis) freitasi sp.n. from Formosa county in the state of Goiás and Rhabditis (Rhabditis) costai sp.n. from Sert?ozinho county in the state of S?o Paulo.     

New Taxa of Canavalia subgenus Wenderothia (Leguminosae) from Brazil

A new species,C. saueri from Goiás, and a new variety,C. picta var. elliptica from Brasilia, D.F., are described following the style used by Sauer in his 1964 revision ofCanavalia. Illustrations of the calyx, leaf, and seed, distribution maps and type photos are provided.     

New endemic species of Harpalyce (Leguminosae: Brongniartieae) from South-Central Brazil with a key to the Brazilian species

Harpalyce parvifolia andH. robusta, endemic species from the Serra do EspinhaÇo, State of Minas Gerais, and Chapada dos Veadeiros, State of Goiás, respectively, are described and included in a new key to the Brazilian members of the genus.     

Multivariate analysis of theSenecio nemorensis group (Compositae) in the Carpathians with a new species from the East Carpathians

Six species and subspecies of theS. nemorensis group from the Carpathians are recognized here, based on morphometric analyses (cluster and discriminant analyses). A new speciesS. ucranicus Hodálová and a new hybridS. ×dominii Hodálová=S. germanicus Wallr.×S. ucranicus Hodálová, occurring in the East Carpathians and the eastern part of the South Carpathians, are described. The vicarious nature ofS. hercynicus Herborg subsp.hercynicus, S. dacicus Hodálová etMarhold andS. ucranicus Hodálová in the Carpathians is documented. A key to theS. nemorensis group in the Carpathians as well as toS. nemorensis L. s. str. is presented.     

The flora and biogeochemistry of the ultramafic soils of Goiás state, Brazil

Major collections of the ultramafic flora of Goiás, central Brazil, were made by Brooks and co-workers in 1988 and 1990. At the time of reports on this material in 1990–1992 much of it had been identified only tentatively and incompletely, but the area was clearly interesting for taxonomic and biogeochemical reasons. Further progress has been made but still only two-thirds of the specimens are identified at the species level. Following a third collection in early 2005, we now have 800 specimens from this area, with chemical analyses of all the plants and of more than 120 representative soil samples. New species have been found, e.g., in Paspalum (Poaceae) and Pterolepis (Melastomataceae). There is a need for more taxonomic work in genera such as Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae), Lippia (Verbenaceae), Turnera and Piriqueta (Turneraceae), and Vellozia (Velloziaceae). Ni hyperaccumulation (>1,000 mg/kg in dry plant matter) has now been found in a total of 79 specimens, representing more than 30 different species. Notable Ni hyperaccumulators include Pfaffia sarcophylla (Amaranthaceae), species of Justicia, Lophostachys and Ruellia (Acanthaceae), Porophyllum (Asteraceae), several species of Lippia (Verbenaceae), Turnera and Piriqueta (Turneraceae), and a possibly new Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae). Ni hyperaccumulation has not been found in plants of the outcrops of Morro Feio or Crominia-Mairipotaba; it seems to be confined to the extensive layered ultramafics of Barro Alto and the Macedo-Niquelandia areas. The distribution of Ni-values in the Brazilian plant collection is different from that found in the Mediterranean and California, where there is a clear distinction between accumulator and non-accumulator plants: in Brazil the distribution is more continuous, and median Ni concentrations are much greater. An ultramafic hill just north of Niquelandia deserves to be protected because of the presence there of many of the hyperaccumulators and species probably endemic to the Goiás ultramafics.     

Development of Genomic SSR Markers and Molecular Characterization of Magnaporthe oryzae Isolates from Wheat in Brazil

Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of wheat blast, was characterized on a molecular level with 38 newly isolated genomic SSR loci. Among the 31 wheat isolates analyzed, 15 polymorphic loci were detected, with an average of 1.7 alleles per locus, 28.9% of them being highly or reasonably informative. The number of polymorphic loci was higher in isolates from Londrina in the Brazilian state of Paraná and Coromandel in Minas Gerais compared with Goiânia in Goiás and São Borja in Rio Grande do Sul. The rice isolate was clearly different from the wheat isolates, and the size difference in polymorphic SSR loci between one isolate from wheat and one isolate from rice was associated with the number of repeats. Some isolates collected from different states and in different years demonstrated similarities of 100%. The markers developed here are useful for the genetic analysis of M. oryzae isolated from wheat, and isolates representing the variability detected in the field can be used to search for better wheat blast resistance.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Xyris irwinii</Emphasis> (Xyridaceae), a new <Emphasis Type="Italic">cerrado</Emphasis> species from Goiás,Brazil

Xyris irwinii (Xyridaceae), a new species from the cerrado of Goiás, Brazil is described and illustrated. The distribution, phenology, and conservation status of the new species are presented, as well as a comparison of a complex of morphologically related cerrado species.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Serjania glandulosa</Emphasis> (Sapindaceae: Paullinieae), una nueva especie de Serra do Cabral,Minas Gerais,Brasil

La especie nueva Serjania glandulosa, de Serra do Cabral, Brasil, es descrita, ilustrada y comparada con la especie más próxima S. acutidentata. Adicionalmente se describen caracteres de epidermis y del polen. Esta especie es un endemismo de la vegetación de campos rupestres. Pertenece a Serjania sección Serjania. Se provee una clave para identificar las especies relacionadas con S. glandulosa.