中国长角斑蚜族分类学研究(同翅目,蚜总科,斑蚜科)

中国长角斑蚜族Calaphidini已知10属,桦斑蚜属Betacallis Matsumura,桦蚜属Betulaphis Glendennig,长角斑蚜属Calaphis Walsh,带斑蚜属Callipterinella van der Goot,刻斑蚜属Clethrobius Mordvilko,绵斑蚜属Eu-ceraphis Walker,单斑蚜属Monaphis Walker,新桦斑蚜属Neobetulaphis Basu,毛斑蚜属Symydobius Mordvilko,陶斑蚜属Taoia Quednau;2亚属,拟毛斑蚜亚属Symydobius(Antisymydobius),毛斑蚜亚属（指名亚属）Symydobius (s.str.);25种,桤木桦斑蚜Betacallis alnicolens Matsumura,光皮桦斑蚜B.luminiferus Zhang,四川桦斑蚜B.prunicola Basu,Ghosh et Raychaudhuri,栎桦斑蚜B.querciphaga Basu,Ghosh et Raychaudhuri,四瘤桦蚜Betu-laphis quadrituberculata (Kaltenbach)中国新纪录,光腹桦蚜B.pelei Hille Ris Lambers中国新纪录,居桦长角斑蚜Calaphis betulicola (Kaltenbaeh）,相似长角斑蚜C.similis Quednau,带斑蚜Callipterinella calliptera (Hartig)中国新纪录,瘤带斑蚜Callipterinella tuberculata(von Heyden）,毛刻斑蚜Clethrobius comes(Walker),赤杨刻斑蚜C.dryobius Chakrabarti et Raychaudhuri),短绵斑蚜Euceraphis betulae(Koch）,桦绵斑蚜E.punctipennis (Zetterst-edt）,触角单斑蚜Monaphis antennata (Kaltenbach）,白新桦斑蚜Nebetulaphis alba Higuchi,河北新桦斑蚜N.hebeiensis(Zhang,Zhang et Zhong）,裸新桦斑蚜N.pusilla Basu,缺带毛斑蚜Symydobius carefasciatus Qiao et Zhang,黑桦毛斑蚜S.kabae(Matsumura),少圈毛斑蚜S.paucisensorius Zhang,Zhang et Zhong,短毛毛斑蚜S.brevicapillus Qiao et Zhang,昙毛毛斑蚜S.fumus Qiao et Zhang,川西陶斑蚜Taoia chuansiensis(Tao),桤木陶斑蚜T.indica (Ghosh et Raychaudhuri)。提供了分属、分亚属及分种检索表,各属提供了鉴别特征,所有分类单元具有文献引证、寄主植物、地理分布和检视标本的记录。新纪录种有具体的形态记述和特征图。所有研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国新桦斑蚜属分类研究(同翅目:蚜科:角斑蚜亚科)

研究了中国蚜科Aphididae角斑蚜亚科Myzocallidinae1新纪录属,即新桦斑蚜属Neobetulaphis Basu,1964。中国分布3种,其中包括2新纪录种,白新桦斑蚜N.alba Higuchi,1972和裸新桦斑蚜N.pusilla Basu,1964。每种提供了观察标本,地理分布,寄主植物等信息;新纪录种还提供了较详细的形态和形态特征图。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国新纪录属--长角斑蚜属研究(同翅目:蚜科:角斑蚜亚科)

研究了中国蚜科Aphididae角斑蚜亚科Calaphidinae 1新纪录属－长角斑蚜属Calaphis Walsh,1863,记述2新纪录种,居桦长角斑蚜Calaphis betulicola(Kaltenbach,1843)和相似长角斑蚜Calaphis similis Quednau,1979。编制中国长角斑蚜属分种检索表,每种提供形态记述、寄主植物、分布及形态特征图。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国侧棘斑蚜属分亚属研究及五新纪录亚属(同翅目:蚜科:角斑蚜亚科)

研究认为中国侧棘斑蚜属Tuberculatus Mordvilko,1894蚜虫有7个亚属,刺棘斑蚜亚属Acanthocallis Matsumura 1917,东方棘斑蚜亚属Orientuberculoides Hille Ris Lambers,1974,针棘斑蚜亚属Acanthotuberculatus Quednau,1999,阿棘斑蚜亚属Arakawana Matsumura ,1917,日本棘斑蚜亚属Nippocallis Matsumura,1917,中日棘斑蚜亚属Nippotuberculatus Quednan,1999和肖棘斑蚜亚属Tuberculoides van der Goot,1915。给出分亚属检索素,并记述5个中国新纪录亚属和一个新纪录种环肖棘斑蚜Tuberculatus(Tuhberculoides)annulatus(Hartig 1841),研究标本存放在中国科学院动物所动物标本馆。     

中国新纪录属--斑大蚜属研究(同翅目,蚜科,大蚜亚科)

研究了中国蚜科Aphididae大蚜亚科Lachninae 1新纪录属,斑大蚜属Maculolach us Gaumont,1920,记述模式种蔷薇斑大蚜Maculolachnus submacula(Walker,1848).提供了形态描述、寄主植物、分布及形态特征图.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

中国椴斑蚜属研究(同翅目,蚜科,角斑蚜亚科)

中国椴斑蚜属Tiliaphis Takahashi已知2种,朝鲜椴斑蚜Tiliaphis coreanus Quednau,1979和小椴斑蚜T.shinae(Shinji,1924)(中国新纪录)。文中提供了分种检索表,各种提供了观察标本、地理分布、寄主植物等信息新纪录种提供了详细的形态记述和形态特征图。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国叶蚜亚科分类学研究(同翅目,蚜科)

中国叶蚜亚科Phyllaphidinae已知4属,迪叶蚜属Diphyllaphis Takahashi,1960,楠叶蚜属Machilaphis Takahashi,1960,叶蚜属Phyllaphis Koch,1856和群斑蚜属Thelazacallis Zhang,2000;4个种,栎迪叶蚜Diphyllaphis quercus (Takahashi,1960),楠叶蚜Machilaphis machili(Takahashi,1928),山毛榉叶蚜Phyllaphis fagi(Linnacus,1767)和毛茛群斑蚜Thelazacallis ranunculicola Qiao et Zhang,2000.其中叶蚜属和山毛榉叶蚜为中国新纪录.文中提供了分属检索表,各属提供了鉴别特征,所有分类单元提供了文献引证、寄主植物、地理分布和检视标本的记录.新纪录种有详细的形态记述和特征图.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

中国长斑蚜属研究及新种记述(同翅目：斑蚜科)

该文系统研究了中国长斑蚜属Tinocallis Matsumura的15种蚜虫,其中包括:1个新种,短节长斑蚜T. microtylodes sp.nov.和2个中国新记录种,斑长斑蚜T.platani(Kaltenbach,1943)和木兰长斑蚜T. magnoliae Ghosh & Raychaudhuri,1972。同时提供了该属中国分布种类的检索表,每种提供有详细的寄主植物和地理分布资料,新种还提供了重要的形态特征图。所有标本包括模式标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国斑蚜科一新属——群斑蚜属及新种记述（同翅目：蚜总科）

对中国斑蚜科 Drepanosiphidae叶蚜亚科 Phyllaphidinae叶蚜族 Phyllaphidini1新属——群斑蚜属 Thelazacallis Zhang进行了研究 ,提供了该新属的寄主植物、地理分布及其与近缘属的示差鉴别。同时记述 1新种——毛茛群斑蚜 Thelazacallis ranunculicolaQiao et Zhang。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。群斑蚜属 Thelazacallis Zhang,新属模式种 :Thelazacallis ranunculicola Qiao et Zhang,sp.nov.本新属的胚胎和成蚜与新叶蚜属 N eophyllaphis Takahashi相近 ,但喙端部有次生毛 (后者无 ) ;尾片完整 (后者分裂呈双叶状 ) ;触角节 I短于节 II(后者长于 ) ;生殖突 3个(后者 4个 )。与迪叶蚜属 Diphyllaphis Takahashi在胚胎毛序、成蚜的触角、体蜡片、喙端节等方面十分接近 ,但复眼仅由 3个小眼面组成 (后者多于 3个 ) ;生殖突 3个 (后者 2个 )。毛茛群斑蚜 Thelazacallis ranunculicola Qiao et Zhang,新种 (图 1～ 9)正模 :无翅孤雌蚜 ,No.Y16 0 3- 1- 2 - 1,1979- - 1,四川 (西昌 ) ;常勇楠采 ;副模 :1头无翅孤雌蚜 ,其他同正模。寄主 :毛茛 Ranunculus sp.。本新种与新叶蚜属已知种和迪叶蚜属已知种的区别见群斑蚜属与新叶蚜属和迪叶蚜属的区别。     

中国蚜小蜂属一新种及一新记录种(膜翅目:蚜小蜂科)

报道蚜小蜂属Aphelinus Dalman 1新种：竹纵斑蚜蚜小蜂Aphelinus takecallis sp．nov．,育白北京林业大学院内刚竹Phyllostachys viridis Mc C．上的竹纵斑蚜Takecallis arundinariae(Essig);1中国新记录种：毛蚜蚜小蜂Aphelinus fulvus Jasnosh,育自哈尔滨市行道树的杨树毛蚜Chaitophorus sp。所有模式标本均保存于东北林业大学昆虫标本室。     

中国支头蛛属一新种记述：（蜘蛛目：皿蛛科：微蛛亚科）

本文记述中国皿蛛科微蛛亚科支头蛛属一新种－－山去头蛛Ｃａｒａｃｌａｄｕｓ ｍｏｎｔａｎｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,本新种与ｃａｒａｃｌａｄｕｓ ｔｓｕｒｕｓａｋｉｉ Ｓａｉｔｏ,１９８８近似,但雄蛛触肢胫节突起、插入器形状及雌蛛外雌器结构不同。新种模式标本保存于白求恩医科大学生物教研究。     

中国圆锥索金小蜂属的分类研究(膜翅目:金小蜂科)

本文了中国金小蜂科、金小蜂亚科的圆锥金小蜂属Ｃｏｎｏｍｏｒｉｕｍ Ｍａｓｉ，１９２４，描述１新种等脉圆锥金小蜂Ｃｏｎｏｍｏｒｉｕｍ ｅｑｕｉｌａｔｅｒａｌｅ Ｘｉａｏ ｅｔ Ｈｕａｎｇ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及中国１纪录种广圆锥索金小蜂Ｃｏｎｏｒｉｒｉｕｍａｍｐｌｕｍ（Ｗａｌｋｅｒ），编制了中国 金小蜂属分种检索表。新种与Ｃ。．ａｍｐｌｕｓ（Ｗａｌｋｅｒ）的主要区别为马缘脉与痣脉等长，复眼较大。正模♀河北     

Research and application of Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in China

Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an effective parasitoid of many lepidopteran pests in China. Specifically, C. cunea has successfully suppressed populations of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), an invasive and quarantined pest in China. Fall webworm biological control programmes in China have been aided by the development of artificial rearing technology for C. cunea. While researchers have determined some aspects of this parasitoid’s biology, such as fecundity and ratio of female offspring, as well as rearing methods, there was less information on the behavioural and ecological mechanisms by which C. cunea regulates host populations. Here, we review the research and application of C. cunea since it was first discovered in China.     

Revision on Cephalostachyum Munro (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in China

Species of Cephalostachyum Munro (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from China are distributed in Yunnan and Tibet, mainly in Yunnan. In this paper, we discussed species of Cephalostachyum and compiled a key to species from China, based on recent studies on micromorphological characters of leaf epidermis and molecular phylogenetics of paleotropical woody bamboos. There is a total of seven species of Cephalostachyum distributed in China, all in Yunnan: Cchinense (Rendle) DZ. Li et HQ. Yang, Cfuchsianum Gamble et Hook. f., Cmannii (Gamble) Stapleton et DZ. Li, Cpallidum Munro, Cpingbianense (Hsueh et YM. Yang ex Yi et al.) DZ. Li et HQ. Yang, Csanguineum (WP. Zhang) DZ. Li et HQ. Yang and Cscandens Bor. Leptocanna Chia et HL. Fung and Cvirulentum YM Yang et F. Du are synonyms of Cephalostachyum Munro and Cfuchsianum Gamble et Hook. f. respectively. On the other hand, Cpergracile Munro and Cvirgatum (Munro) Kurz are morphologically closer to Schizostachyum Nees than to Cephalostachyum, and they should be treated as members of Schizostachyum. This paper is of significance to a worldwide revision of Cephalostachyum.     

NEECF: a project of nutrient enrichment experiments in China's forests

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emissions to atmosphere have increased dramatically in China since 1980s, and this increase has aroused great concerns on its ecological impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies have showed that terrestrial ecosystems in China are acting as a large carbon (C) sink, but its potential in the future remains largely uncertain. So far little work on the impacts of the N deposition on C sequestration in China's terrestrial ecosystems has been assessed at a national scale. Aiming to assess and predict how ecological processes especially the C cycling respond to the increasing N deposition in China's forests, recently researchers from Peking University and their partners have established a manipulation experimental network on the ecological effects of the N deposition: Nutrient Enrichment Experiments in China's Forests Project (NEECF). The NEECF comprises 10 experiments at 7 sites located from north to south China, covering major zonal forest vegetation in eastern China from boreal forest in Greater Khingan Mountains to tropical forests in Hainan Island. This paper introduces the framework of the NEECF project and its potential policy implications.     

Effects of desertification on the C:N:P stoichiometry of soil,microbes, and extracellular enzymes in a desert grassland

为探讨荒漠草地沙漠化对“土壤-微生物-胞外酶”系统生态化学计量的影响机理, 该研究采用空间序列代替时间演替的方法, 研究了宁夏盐池荒漠草地沙漠化过程中土壤、土壤微生物及土壤胞外酶碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量的变异特征。结果表明: (1)随着荒漠草地沙漠化的不断加剧, 土壤C、N、P含量和土壤C:P、N:P均呈降低趋势, 而土壤C:N逐渐增加。(2)荒漠草地沙漠化过程中, 土壤微生物生物量C (MBC):微生物生物量P (MBP)、微生物生物量N (MBN):MBP和土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG):N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)逐渐降低, 而土壤BG:磷酸酶(AP)和NAG:AP基本表现为增加趋势。(3)随着荒漠草地沙漠化程度的加剧, 土壤微生物C利用效率CUE_C:N和CUE_C:P与土壤微生物N利用效率NUE_N:C和土壤微生物P利用效率PUE_P:C的变化趋势相反。(4)荒漠草地土壤、土壤微生物生物量和土壤胞外酶C:N化学计量(C:N, MBC:MBN, BG:NAG)与土壤、土壤微生物生物量和土壤胞外酶N:P化学计量(N:P, MBN:MBP, NAG:AP)显著负相关, 而土壤和胞外酶C:N化学计量(C:N, BG:NAG)与土壤和胞外酶C:P化学计量(C:P, BG:AP)显著正相关。土壤N:P与土壤MBN:MBP显著正相关, 而与土壤NAG:AP显著负相关。分析表明, 荒漠草地沙漠化过程中土壤微生物生物量及胞外酶活性随着土壤养分的变化而发生变化; 微生物-胞外酶C:N:P生态化学计量与土壤养分存在协变关系, 为理解荒漠草地土壤-微生物系统C、N、P循环机制提供理论依据。     

阿拉善荒漠区6种主要灌木植物叶片C:N:P化学计量比的季节变化

为了解同一生活型不同种植物叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量学特征随季节变化的响应规律,在生长季不同月份,对阿拉善荒漠区6种主要灌木植物霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)、红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)、驼绒藜(Ceratoideslatens)、猫头刺(Oxytropis aciphylla)、沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)的物候期进行了连续的观察,并采集植物叶片,分析了其C、N、P含量及计量比在不同月份的变化.结果显示:1)同一生活型的6种植物的叶片C、N、P及C:N、C:P和N:P在整个生长季内的变化规律不同,且以上各指标季节间的变异系数在6种植物之间也存在差异;2)单个植物种叶片C、N、P含量及其计量比的季节变异分析显示,叶片C、N含量及C:N的季节变异较小,叶片P含量及C:P和N:P的季节变异较大,6种植物叶片C、N含量及C:N由于季节变异所计算的变异系数变化范围分别为0.60％-10.20％、6.09％-20.50％和5.87％-18.78％,6种植物叶片P含量的季节变异所产生的变异系数范围为16.43％-43.43％,叶片C:P和N:P的变异系数范围分别为8.48％-31.95％和11.86％-40.73％;3)综合分析6种植物叶片C、N、P及其计量比各指标在整个生长季节内的变异,变异系数由大到小排序为:P(28.85％)＞C:P(25.02％)＞N:P(22.18％)＞N(14.22％)＞C:N(12.48％)＞C(4.62％);4)生长季节与植物种类对植物叶片C、N、P及其计量比影响的交叉分析显示,植物叶片C、N含量的变异主要受植物种类影响,植物叶片P含量的变异主要受生长季节影响,植物叶片C:N、C:P和N:P的变异都主要受植物种类影响.     

Pattern and variation of C:N:P ratios in China’s soils: a synthesis of observational data

Inspired by previous studies that have indicated consistent or even well-constrained (relatively low variability) relations among carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in soils, we have endeavored to explore general soil C:N:P ratios in China on a national scale, as well as the changing patterns of these ratios with soil depth, developmental stages and climate; we also attempted to determine if well-constrained C:N:P stoichiometrical ratios exist in China’s soil. Based on an inventory data set of 2,384 soil profiles, our analysis indicated that the mean C:N, C:P and N:P ratios for the entire soil depth (as deep as 250 cm for some soil profiles) in China were 11.9, 61 and 5.2, respectively, showing a C:N:P ratio of ~60:5:1. C:N ratios showed relatively small variation among different climatic zones, soil orders, soil depth and weathering stages, while C:P and N:P ratios showed a high spatial heterogeneity and large variations in different climatic zones, soil orders, soil depth and weathering stages. No well-constrained C:N:P ratios were found for the entire soil depth in China. However, for the 0–10 cm organic-rich soil, which has the most active organism–environment interaction, we found a well-constrained C:N ratio (14.4, molar ratio) and relatively consistent C:P (136) and N:P (9.3) ratios, with a general C:N:P ratio of 134:9:1. Finally, we suggested that soil C:N, C:P and N:P ratios in organic-rich topsoil could be a good indicator of soil nutrient status during soil development.     

Changes in soil-microbe-exoenzyme C:N:P stoichiometry along an altitudinal gradient in Mt. Datudingzi,Northeast China

海拔变化导致温度、水分、植被等条件的改变会显著影响土壤碳(C_soil)、氮(N_soil)、磷(P_soil)含量及其化学计量特征, 土壤微生物如何通过调整自身生物量和胞外酶化学计量特征进行适应仍不明确。为了研究海拔梯度变化对土壤微生物生物量和胞外酶活性的影响, 探索土壤-微生物-胞外酶C:N:P化学计量特征间的协变性, 该文以黑龙江省雪乡大秃顶子山800、1 100、1 600和1 700 m分布的典型生态系统(针阔混交林、针叶林、岳桦林和草地)为研究对象, 测定其C_soil、N_soil、P_soil含量, 微生物生物量C (C_mic)、N (N_mic)、P (P_mic)含量, 以及微生物获取C (β-1, 4-葡萄糖苷酶, BG), N (几丁质酶, NAG), P (酸性磷酸酶, AP)资源的相关胞外酶活性。结果表明: (1)海拔梯度变化对C_soil和C_mic含量没有显著影响; 不同海拔间土壤和微生物生物量N、P含量存在显著差异。(2) BG和NAG活性随着海拔的升高呈现显著降低趋势, 表明海拔升高导致的温度降低抑制了微生物的活性。(3)海拔对土壤C:N、微生物C:N:P以及胞外酶C:N:P均具有显著影响。胞外酶C:N:P随着微生物与土壤间C:N:P化学计量不平衡性(土壤C:N:P与微生物C:N:P的比值)的增加而逐渐降低。微生物可以通过调整自身生物量以及胞外酶C:N:P适应土壤化学计量特征的变异, 该结果支持了微生物的资源分配理论。     

A survey of the tribe Ectinoderini (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) of China,with the description of a new Ectinoderus species

The two resin assassin bugs belonging to the tribe Ectinoderini (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) occurring in China are documented: Amulius malayus Stål, 1867 is redescribed and Ectinoderus sinicus Chen & Cai, sp. nov. is described as new. The discovery of the new species extends the distribution of the genus and the tribe northwards from tropical Southeast Asia to southern mainland China. A key to the two ectinoderine genera and species from China is provided to facilitate their identification. DNA barcodes and bionomic data are provided for the species concerned, and their conservation is briefly discussed.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A7F7402E-E9A8-4FAD-B72A-4B1C9B2A7276.