Segmental Duplications in Subtelomeric Regions of Human Chromosome 13

Owing to a great progress in studying the human genome, its euchromatic portion is almost completely sequenced; the complete sequence is still unknown only for pericentric and telomeric regions and short arms of acrocentric chromosomes. Extended satellite blocks and segmental duplications located in these regions substantially hinder the joining of the sequenced fragments and construction of the full-length genome map. The sequence was established for a 1.5-kb human chromosome 13 subtelomeric region, which is about 10 kb away from the rDNA cluster, and deposited in GenBank under accession no. AF478540. The region showed 83–84% homology to the pericentric region of human chromosome 19, and contained short fragments homologous to the pericentric region of human chromosome 13. The results may contribute to the current revision of genome evolution concepts in view of numerous segmental duplications revealed.     

High-Resolution Mapping of Ribosomal Protein Genes to Human Chromosome 19

In a systematic effort for mapping of all the human ribosomalprotein (rp) genes, we have found that an unusually large number(12) of rp genes are present on chromosome 19 and subsequentlydetermined their locations on the chromosome by a radiation-hybridprocedure. For this, we isolated cosmid clones correspondingto each gene and placed nine of them on a metric physical mapof chromosome 19. Although most genes are scattered over thechromosome, we found three genes are clustered in a 0.6-Mb regionat 19q13.3 and two of them, RPL13A and RPS11, within a singlecosmid only 4.3 kb apart. To explore a possible relationshipbetween rp gene defects and human disease, we compared map positionsof the rpgenes and disease loci on chromosome 19, which ledus to find RPS9 gene in the same interval as the gene for retinitispigmentosa 11. The disease locus has previously been mappedto the 6-cM interval at 19q13.4 between markers D19S572 andD19S926, which corresponds to less than 2-Mb region on the metricphysical map. We mapped RPS9 about 800 kb distal to D19S572.     

Assignment of 128 genes localized on human chromosome 14q to the IMpRH map

To provide a gene-based comparative map and to examine a porcine genome assembly using bacterial artificial chromosome-based sequence, we have attempted to assign 128 genes localized on human chromosome 14q (HSA14q) to a porcine 7000-rad radiation hybrid (IMpRH) map. This study, together with earlier studies, has demonstrated the following. (i) 126 genes were incorporated into two SSC7 RH linkage groups by C artha G ene analysis. (ii) In the remaining two genes, TOX4 linked to TCRA located in SSC7 by two-point analysis, whereas SIP1 showed no significant linkage with any gene/marker registered in the IMpRH Web Server. (iii) In the two groups, the gene clusters located from 19.9 to 36.5 Mb on HSA14q11.2-q13.3 and from 64.0 to 104.3 Mb on HSA14q23-q32.33 respectively were assigned to SSC7q21-q26. (iv) Comparison of the gene order between the present RH map and the latest porcine sequence assembly revealed some inconsistencies, and a redundant arrangement of 16 genes in the sequence assembly.     

多发性骨髓瘤患者13q14.3区域一个候选抑瘤基因MYETS1的克隆与序列分析

为克隆位于多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者染色体13q14.2～13q21.1区域候选抑瘤基因,通过生物信息学分析获取疾病基因定位区域内代表新基因的ESTs,并运用半定量RT-PCR检测它们在正常人与MM患者骨髓组织中的表达水平,发现一条在MM患者骨髓组织中明显表达下调的EST(GenBank收录号:H86826).Northern印迹杂交显示H86826在骨髓组织中转录本大小为1.5kb.通过购买商品化克隆IM-AGE223589测序获得了H86826所代表的基因的1491 bp全长cDNA序列(GenBank收录号:AY368652),人类基因组命名委员会将其命名为MYETS1(myeloma tumor suppressor 1).生物信息学分析其为一个编码分子质量为15.1 kD、等电点为6.13的135个氨基酸的新基因.该基因的功能正在进一步的研究之中.     

多发性骨髓瘤患者13q14．3区域一个候选抑瘤基因MYETSl的克隆与序列分析

为克隆位于多发性骨髓瘤(multiplemyeloma,MM)患者染色体13q14．2～13q21．1区域候选抑瘤基因．通过生物信息学分析获取疾病基因定位区域内代表新基因的ESTs,并运用半定量RT—PCR检测它们在正常人与MM患者骨髓组织中的表达水平,发现一条在MM患者骨髓组织中明显表达下调的EsT(cenBank收录号：H86826)．Northern印迹杂交显示H86826在骨髓组织中转录本大小为1．5kh．通过购买商品化克隆IM．AGE223589测序获得了H86826所代表的基因的1491bp全长cDNA序列(GenBank收录号：AY368652)．人类基因组命名委员会将其命名为MYETSl(myeloma tumor suppressor1)．生物信息学分析其为一个编码分子质量为15．1kD、等电点为6．13的135个氨基酸的新基因．该基因的功能正在进一步的研究之中．     

水稻中一个人类肿瘤抑制基因同源物的克隆与表达分析(英)

用同源筛选方法 ,从水稻 (OryzasativaL .)基因组文库中分离到一个与人类肿瘤抑制基因QM具有同源性的基因 ,命名为OSQM1。该基因包括 4个外显子和 3个内含子 ,编码 2 19个氨基酸 ,其中有 4 6个碱性氨基酸 ,其等电点高达 11.0 2。同源性搜寻发现此基因存在于真核生物中而且保守性较强 ,表明它可能具有重要的作用。North ern分析结果表明 ,它在不同的水稻器官中都有表达 ,但在花和愈伤组织中的表达水平明显低于其他营养器官。它在根和叶中的表达水平受环境因素的影响。     

水稻中一个人类肿瘤抑制基因同源物的克隆与表达分析

用同源筛选方法,从水稻 (Oryza sativa L.) 基因组文库中分离到一个与人类肿瘤抑制基因QM具有同源性的基因,命名为OSQM1.该基因包括4个外显子和3个内含子,编码219个氨基酸,其中有46个碱性氨基酸,其等电点高达11.02.同源性搜寻发现此基因存在于真核生物中而且保守性较强,表明它可能具有重要的作用.Northern分析结果表明,它在不同的水稻器官中都有表达,但在花和愈伤组织中的表达水平明显低于其他营养器官.它在根和叶中的表达水平受环境因素的影响.     

TPA stimulation culture for improved detection of t(11;14)(q13;q32) in mantle cell lymphoma

Cytogenetic analysis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), characterized by the presence of t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation, is often difficult because of the low proliferating rate of MCL cells and the presence of normal cells in bone marrow which may interfere with growth of MCL cells. We describe herein a TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) stimulated culture to improve detection of t(11;14)(q13;q32) in 20 MCL patients regardless of the samples used.     

人抑癌基因PTEN的原核表达载体的构建及融合表达

为研究抑癌因子PTEN蛋白的抑癌机理,掏建了PTEN cDNA的原核表达载体并进行融合表达。将含有PTEN cDNA的质粒pMD-PTEN经EcoR Ⅰ和Sal Ⅰ双酶切,回收PTEN基因片段与经相同酶切的高效原核表达载体pET-44a连接,经序列测定,证实融合型表达载体pET-Nus-PTEN构建成功。转化表达宿主BL21(DE3)后,IPTG诱导表达。经12％SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳,获得118kD的特异蛋白条带。目的蛋白占细菌总蛋白的17％。结果表明：PTEN基因和Nus基因融合表达成功,获得可溶性Nus-PTEN蛋白。该研究为PTEN蛋白的抑癌机理和基因工程药物的研究打下了基础,这是国内PTEN蛋白在原核细胞中成功表达的首次报道。     

Construction of YAC Contigs at Human Chromosome 11q22.3-q23.1 Region Covering the Ataxia Telangiectasia Locus

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive diseaseof unknown etiology associated with cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia,immune dysfunction, higher cancer risk, genomic instabilityand hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation. The major AT loci,AT-A and AT-C, are shown to be closely linked at chromosome11q22–q23. The most recent genetic linkage mapping andlinkage disequilibrium analysis have localized the major ATloci to a sequence of approximately 850 kb between the markersD11S1819 and D11S1818. The isolation of yeast artificial chromosomesspanning the AT region is an essential step to identify thegene or genes responsible for the mutation(s). We isolated atotal of 20 YAC clones from three independent YAC libraries,using sequence tagged sites mapped in the AT region as primersfor PCR-based YAC screening. The PCR assay for the presenceor absence of 16 different DNA markers allowed us to constructand to order four YAC contigs at the AT region. One of the contigswhich consists of the 10 YAC clones, covers about 2 Mb of DNAat the boundary between Giemsa-positive band 11q22.3 and Giemsa-negativeband 11q23.1 and includes the entire region of the major ATlocus between D11S1819 and D11S1818. Thus, the YAC contigs willfacilitate the positional cloning approach for searching transcribedsequences from the defined genomic region.     

Probing the Tumor Suppressor Function of BAP1 in CRISPR-Engineered Human Liver Organoids

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一个新鼻咽癌抑瘤候选基因的克隆及其功能初步分析

从cDNA 代表差异分析法（cDNA representational difference analysis, cDNA RDA）分离的新cDNA片段入手,进一步采用RT-PCR验证,其中发现AF152605片段在74%鼻咽癌(nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC)活检组织中表达下调和缺失,DNA印迹显示其代表一转录本为2.1 kb的基因,结合生物信息学,运用文库筛选克隆该基因,命名为NAG4基因,GenBank登录号AF179285,定位于6q22.1～22.33,至少含有两个外显子,并在第一外显子的上游有TATA盒样序列,编码一个508个氨基酸组成的、分子质量为57.4 ku的蛋白质;功能预测NAG4基因产物与小鼠溴区蛋白BP75有84%同源,是含有多个磷酸化位点和溴区结构域的核内转录因子;突变分析表明NAG4基因在HeLa细胞株中发生整码突变.以上结果说明NAG4基因是鼻咽癌抑瘤基因的良好候选者,其表达的下调参与了鼻咽癌的发生.     

Characterization of the EMS1 Gene and its Product,Human Cortactin

We have identified a novel gene, EMSl, that is consistently amplified and overexpressed in human carcinomas with an amplification of the chromosome 11q13 region. Comparisons of the EMSl sequences with those present in the GenBank databases revealed a high identity with chicken cortactin. Southern and western blot analyses confirm the high sequence conservation during evolution. An antiserum specific for human cortactin, showed in gene transfer experiments that both human p80 and p85 isoforms are encoded by the EMSl cDNA. Further comparisons demonstrated an high sequence and structural homology with HSl that is implicated in signal transduction in lymphoid cells only. Expression of EMSl/cortactin mRNA was restricted to tumor cell lines derived from non-lymphoid origin. Cortactin contains (i) a filamentous actin binding tandem repeat domain, (ii) a proline-rich SH3-binding and (iii) a SH3 domain that is common in proteins involved in signal transduction. Our data suggest that human EMSl/cortactin has a function in signal transmission between cell-matrix contact sites and the cytoskeleton and, as such, its overexpression due to 11q13 amplification might effect adhesive properties of human carcinomas.     

人类人工染色体构建及其作为基因治疗载体的价值

人类人工染色体(HAC)作为基因治疗载体将解决基因治疗存在的一些关键问题。本文探讨了在不完全了解着丝粒、复制起始点、端粒等人类染色体基本功能单位的情况下构建HAC的三种策略。利用染色体基本功能单位在细胞内构建成功的第一代HAC,解决了HAC构建的一些难题,同时也带来了某些新的问题。HAC作为基因治疗载体具有很多优势,但第一代HAC离它作为基因治疗载体还相距很远。为此,作者正在进行解决这些问题的尝试。     

Identification and Characterization of a Bidirectional Promoter from the Intergenic Region between the Human DDX13 and RD Genes

The human DDX13 gene encodes a putative RNA helicase of the DExH-box family. In an earlier report we showed that the human DDX13 and RD genes were arranged head-to-head in the class III MHC complex and their ATG start codons were separated by 745 base pairs. We have now analyzed the common 745 bp intergenic region in detail and characterized their promoters. Northern blot analysis revealed that DDX13 and RD exhibit distinct patterns of steady-state expression among multiple human tissues. The promoter regions for DDX13 and RD genes were identified by deletion analysis from 740 bp to 176 bp of the intergenic region fused to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene using transient transfection assays. Results indicated that a promoter sequence as small as 176 bp is sufficient for basal expression of both genes in HeLa and HepG2 cells. Functional analysis using a bidirectional reporter system demonstrates that the sequence 262 bp proximal to the DDX13 gene is sufficient for concurrent expression in both directions. However, the common 740 bp intergenic region showed promoter activity in DDX13 only, suggesting the presence of a negatively acting region for the RD gene within the region -267 to -744. It appears that RD expression is controlled by a complex system of positively and negatively acting elements present on distant portions of both genes.