红豆杉一内生真菌化学成分的研究(英文)

从药用植物红豆杉 (Taxuschinensis (Pilg.)Rehd .)的内生真菌———粘帚霉属真菌 (Gliocladiumsp .,简称F菌 )菌丝体中分离到 3个化合物 ,根据光谱方法确定了它们的结构。其中 ,(2 0S ,2 2S)_4a_同_2 2_羟基_4_氧杂麦角甾_7,2 4 (2 8)_二烯_3_酮为新化合物 ,化合物 4 ,8,12 ,16_四甲基_1,5 ,9,13_四氧杂环十六烷_2 ,6 ,10 ,14_四酮为首次从该属真菌中分离到 ,6 ,9_环氧麦角甾_7,2 2_二烯_3_羟基为首次从F菌中分离到。     

粉红粘帚霉化学成分的研究

粉红粘帚霉对名贵药用植物金线莲有明显的促进作用,为了从物质角度探讨其可能的促生机理,对该菌的化学成分进行了初步研究,从该菌的菌丝体中共分离到5个化合物,通过结构解析,确定它们是：化合物1,6,22－二烯－3－羟基－5,8－过氧麦角甾,2,麦角甾醇;3,阿拉伯糖醇;4,甘露醇,另外一个化俣物的结构正在鉴定中。     

粉红粘帚霉化学成分的研究*

粉红粘帚霉对名贵药用植物金线莲有明显的促生作用 ,为了从物质角度探讨其可能的促生机理 ,对该菌的化学成分进行了初步研究。从该菌的菌丝体中共分离到 5个化合物 ,通过结构解析 ,确定它们是 :化合物 1 ,6 ,2 2 二烯 3 羟基 5 ,8 过氧麦角甾 ;2 ,麦角甾醇 ;3 ,阿拉伯糖醇 ;4,甘露醇 ;另外一个化合物的结构正在鉴定中。     

赤芝孢子化学成分研究

从赤芝(Gunoderm lucidum )孢子脂溶部分分到六个甾体化合物,根据化学及光谱解析等方法鉴定为麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(Ⅰ),麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇(Ⅱ),麦角甾-7,9,22-三烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇(Ⅲ),麦角甾醇棕榈酸酯(Ⅳ),麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-(3)酮(Ⅴ),以及麦角甾醇(Ⅵ)。     

拟白蘑子实体化学成分研究

从高等真菌拟白蘑(Tricholomopsis rutalis)干燥子实体的甲醇提取物中分离并鉴定了6个化合物,它们分别是软脂酸甲酯(1)、软脂酸(2)、麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(3)、5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(4)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(5)和5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-O-葡萄糖苷(6).以上化合物均为首次从拟白蘑中获得.     

小花琉璃草化学成分的研究

从小花琉璃草(cynoglossum lanceolatym Forsk.)全草的石油醚提取物中分离到5个化合物,用波谱等方法鉴定为:十六碳酸甲酯(Hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)、5α,豆甾烷-3,6-二酮(5α,stigmastane-3,6-dione)、6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3酮(6-β-hydroxy-stigmasta-4-en-3-one)和胡萝卜甙(daucosterol)。     

荷叶的化学成分研究

从荷叶(Folium Nelumbinis)的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定出13个化合物,分别为荷叶碱(nuciferine,1),鹅掌楸碱(liriodenine,2),2-羟基-1-甲氧基阿朴啡(2-hydfoxy-1-methoxyaporphine,3),原荷叶碱(pronuciferine,4),去氢莲碱(dehydroroemerine,5),去氢荷叶碱(dehydronuciferine,6),莲碱(roemerine,7),胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,8),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,9),1-二十烷醇(1-icosanol,10),1-十一烷醇(1-undecanol,11),(2R,4S,4aS,8aS)-4,4a-环氧-4,4a-二氢食用西番莲素[(2R,4S,4aS,8aS)-4,4a-epoxy-4,4a-dihydroedulan,12]和邻二羟基苯酚(benzene-1,2-did,13).其中化合物10～13为首次从荷叶中分离得到.     

细微短足软珊瑚的化学成分研究

本文对采自广西涠洲岛海域细微短足软珊瑚（Cladiellasubtilis）的化学成分进行研究,经理化常数和波谱数据分析,分别鉴定为（20R,24S）-5-烯-21羧基-麦角甾-3β-醇（1）、柳珊瑚甾醇（2）、鲨肝醇（3）及麦角甾-5-烯-3β-醇（4）。对细微短足软珊瑚（Cladiella subtilis）化学成分的研究尚属首次。     

分枝杆菌HGMS2中类固醇C20-羟基脱氢酶的鉴定

分枝杆菌常被用作甾体药物中间体生产菌种,然而当前人们对其具体的甾醇降解机制仍然不是很清楚。为了获得C20-羟基甾药中间体,文章直接以RS为底物进行了转化,并通过对转化产物进行TLC、HPLC、LS-MS和核磁分析,初步确定分枝杆菌中存在类固醇C20-羟基脱氢酶（1DHC）参与的代谢途径。同时,基于生物信息学和结构生物学,通过序列和结构比对分析,最终从分枝杆菌中鉴定出了一个与类固醇C20-羟基脱氢酶同源性很高的基因。将该基因在大肠杆菌中异源表达,并对其功能活性进行分析,证明该基因所编码的酶和类固醇C20-羟基脱氢酶具有相同的功能活性。文章首次从分枝杆菌中鉴定出一种类固醇C20-羟基脱氢酶,使研究者对分枝杆菌甾醇代谢机制有了更深入的理解,同时也为新型甾药中间体的制备以及分枝杆菌的改造奠定了理论基础。     

一株高效转化Phytosterol为雄甾烯酮菌株的筛选与鉴定

从保藏的200多株菌中筛选出1株高效转化植物甾醇为4-烯-雄甾-3,17-二酮和1,4-二烯-雄甾-3,17-二酮的菌株,并对该菌进行了形态、生理生化的研究。结果发现菌株ST06可以利用多种碳源,可以水解淀粉,但不利用纤微素。用16SrDNA的方法对其进行鉴定,发现与Bacillus属Bacillus amyloiquefaciens的相似性最高,达到99．9％,将该菌株命名为Bacillus amyloiquefaciens ST06。该菌在培养温度30℃,pH7．0,转速220r／min,转化时间7d,底物添加量为0．3％时,ADD与AD的总得率高达40％以上,此时底物转化率高达93．7％。     

沼渣化学成分研究

采用硅胶、凝胶柱层析方法对鸡场沼渣甲醇提取物化学成分进行分离纯化,并结合波谱方法分析鉴定得到6个化合物,分别是:β-谷甾醇(1)、22β-羟基-12-齐墩果烯-3-酮(2)、21β-羟基-β-白檀酮(3)、29-羟基-12-土当归烯-3,22-二酮(4)、17β-雌二醇(5)和S(-)-雌马酚(6)。这些成分均首次从鸡场沼渣中分离得到。有研究表明,21β-羟基-β-白檀酮在IC5027.4μM就具有很好的抗肠贾第虫(Giardia intestinalis)活性。许多流行病学研究和动物实验、体外实验表明,S(-)-雌马酚有助于妇女更年期症状的改善、保护心血管、缓解骨质疏松症及抗乳腺癌、前列腺癌等保护作用。     

Chemical Constituents from Fruits of Rosa davidii

From the fruit of Rosa davidii Crep., eleven compounds were isolated and identified by spectral evidence, viz. 2α,3β,19β-trihydroxyl-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (1), 2α,3β-dihydroxyl-urs-28(13)-lactone (2), arjunic acid (3), euscaphic acid (4), 2α,3β-dihydroxyl-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), oleanolic acid (6), kaempferol (7), tiliroside (8), quercetin (9), daucosterol (10) and β-sitosterol (11). Among them, 1 and 2 were new compounds.     

Spectroscopic evidence for the formation of a transient species during cytochrome P-450scc induced hydroperoxysterol-glycol conversions

Spectroscopic analysis of the interaction of the epimeric 20-hydroperoxy derivatives of cholesterol with bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc preparations suggested the formation of a transient species. The intermediate was detected at 4 degrees C and characterized by a minimum at 412 nm in the difference spectrum.     

蔓生卷柏的化学成分研究

采用Diaion HP-20、Toyopearl HW-40、Sephadex LH-20和硅胶等多种柱色谱对蔓生卷柏的化学成分进行分离纯化,结合现代波谱技术分离鉴定了5个化合物,分别为邻羟基苯丙酸(1)、邻羟基肉桂酸(2)、5-羟基香豆素(3)、阿曼托双黄酮(4)和(4E,6Z)-2,7-二甲基-8-羟基-辛二烯酸(5)。这些成分均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

A FMRFamide-like peptide is associated with the myotropic ovulation hormone in Rhodnius prolixus.

The protocerebral neurosecretory cells previously shown to be the source of the myotropin controlling ovulation in Rhodnius prolixus react in an immunocytochemical assay using an antiserum against FMRFamide. When the same antiserum was injected into fed mated females at the appropriate time the timing of oviposition was delayed, but the total number of eggs developed was unaffected compared to controls injected with pre-immune rabbit serum. The titer of FMRFamide-like peptide (assayed by RIA) in the hemolymph of mated and virgin females was found to fluctuate with the egg laying cycle, and to reflect earlier determinations of the titer of myotropic activity. Western blots of SDS-PAGE revealed a FMRFamide-immunoreactive peptide of approximately 8.5 kDa in both hemolymph and extracts of the ovulation hormone cells.     

过表达Bapt基因提高中国红豆杉细胞的紫杉醇产量

过表达紫杉醇合成关键酶基因是提高红豆杉细胞紫杉醇产量的有效方法.本文通过构建C-l3苯丙素侧链CoA-乙酰转移酶 (C-13 phenylpropanoid side chain CoA acetyltransferase,BAPT) 基因Bapt的表达载体p1303-SbaptN, 采用根癌农杆菌介导法转化中国红豆杉细胞,经潮霉素抗性筛选获得转基因细胞系.转基因细胞的PCR和Southern印迹分析结果表明,T-DNA及其包含的基因与宿主细胞染色体成功整合;Western印迹结果表明,转基因细胞中报告基因GusA-mgfp5正常表达;QRT PCR结果显示,转基因细胞的Bapt mRNA表达量是未转化细胞的1.26 倍;HPLC检测结果显示,转基因细胞的紫杉醇产量为37.4 μg/g,是未转化细胞的1.87倍. 本研究结果表明,过表达Bapt基因提高了中国红豆杉细胞的紫杉醇产量     

Sugar Composition of Cell Wall Polysaccharides of Suspension-cultured Tobacco Cells

Neutral sugar composition of cell walls of suspension-cultured tobacco cells was examined with the advance of culture age by an anion-exchange chromatography. Isolated cell walls gave on hydrolysis the following sugars: 2% of l-rhamnose, 6% of d-mannose, 26% of l-arabinose, 13% of d-galactose, 8% of d-xylose and 47% of d-glucose as neutral sugars. Little changes in composition of cell wall polysaccharides were recognized with the advance of culture age. Sugar composition of the extra-cellular polysaccharides was similar to that of hemicellulose fraction from cell walls. Pectinic acid gave on hydrolysis 2-O-(α-d-galactopyranosyluronic acid)-l-rhamnose, d-galacturonic acid and its oligosaccharides.     

Placental and luteal steroidogenesis in the pregnant rhesus monkey.

Progesterone, 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone, estrone and estradiol-17beta concentrations were estimated by radioimmunoassay in blood plasma from uterine, uteroovarian and femoral veins of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on days 22, 49, 128 and 160 of gestation. Steroids were consistently more concentrated in uterine and uteroovarian that in femoral venous plasma and in many cases levels in the uteroovarian vein were also higher than those in the uterine vein indicating luteal secretion of both progestins and estrogens thoughout gestation. In some animals, however, the corpus luteum appeared quiescent. As reflected in the decline in the uterine venous progesterone/estradiol-17beta concentration ratio, a shift in steroid contribution from the uterus and its contents occurred between days 22 and 49 of gestation with progesterone declining more rapidly than estradiol-17beta. Progesterone/20alpha-dihydroprogesterone was higher in both uterine and uteroovarian than in femoral venous plasma suggesting peripheral metabolism of progesterone to 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone.