Taxonomic, nomenclatural and chorological notes on several taxa of the genus Echinodorus (Alismataceae)

Taxonomic, nomenclatural and chorological notes on several taxa of the genus Echinodorus are given. A new species E. maculatus is described. The name Alisma intermedium (basionym of the name E. intermedius) is lectotypified. Echinodorus major and E. martii should be treated as two distinct taxa. The name E. xinguensis was invalidly published. It is also confirmed that E. africanus, E. veronikae and E. viridis (all belonging to the E. uruguayensis group) do not originate from Africa. The name E. bleherae should be written with a female suffix (-ae); this name is considered here as a synonym of the earlier name E. grisebachii.     

Typification of the Linnaean name Ononis crispa and the related O. zschackei (Fabaceae)

The typification of the Linnaean name Ononis crispa and the related O. zschackei (Fabaceae) is discussed. Original material for O. crispa was traced at LINN, but found to be heterogeneous. In addition, the illustration by Magnol cited in the protologue represents O. aragonensis. The name is lectotypified using a specimen at LINN to preserve the current usage of the name and to avoid any ambiguity in the interpretation of the lectotype, an epitype is selected. Since no original material is extant for the name O. zschackei, a neotype is designated from a specimen preserved at P and collected in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain).     

The Genus Spiniferites Mantell, 1850 (Dinophyceae)

Following the recent official rejection of proposals for conservation of the generic name Hystrichosphaera, the diagnosis of its senior synonym Spiniferites is expanded in order to incorporate additional information gained since 1850 and all species according with the expanded diagnosis are listed (24 species are transferred to Spiniferites). The cyst-family name “Hystrichosphaeraceae” is replaced by the new name “Spiniferitaceae”.     

Corrigendum of Zhao et al. (2020): a revised infrageneric classification of Lepisorus (Polypodiaceae)

Here, we publish Lepisorus sect. Paragramma (Blume) C.F. Zhao, R. Wei & X.C. Zhang as a combinatio nova to replace the section name in Zhao et al. (2020), which was published as a status nova and turned out to be an invalid name, because we cited an incorrect basionym. A revised infrageneric classification of Lepisorus also is proposed.     

Revisiting the nomenclature of Psychotria filipes (Rubiaceae)

Psychotria waasii Sohmer, a replacement name for the later homonym Psychotria filipes Hook.f., has been found illegitimate because of being superfluous when published. The new combination Psychotria josephi (Kuntze) Kottaim. is proposed based on the earliest available name Uragoga josephi Kuntze.     

Typification of Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw.

Abstract

On the basis of the protologue, the name Sphagnum nemoreum Scop. is treated as a nomen dubium and consequently is rejected. S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. is lectotypified through a Dillenius specimen, and is proposed to be adopted as the correct name of this species.     

Typification of Crataegus crus-galli L. (Rosaceae) and nomenclatural notes on some related species of hawthorn

Lectotypification of Crataegus crus-galli permits the common ten-stamened entity of the northern United States and adjacent Canada to retain its name. The correct name for the related 20-stamen form, usually called C. fontanesiana, is C. tenax. Crataegus persimilis, lectotypified here, is shown to occur in Ontario as well as New York, having been previously misidentified as C. ?bushii and C. prunifolia in Ontario. A horticultural taxon usually (but improperly) called C. prunifolia is provided with a new cultivar name.     

Lectotypification of Acrostichum spicatum (Lepisorus spicatus,Polypodiaceae)

The original material of the fern species name Acrostichum spicatum (Polypodiaceae) was detected in the Linnaean Herbarium in London. It is selected as the lectotype in consultation with the protologue of the name, thus superseding the neotypes in the collections of Commerson and Sonnerat.     

The cervical (Pap) smear—personal experience on both sides of the Atlantic

What's in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet     

Validation of Muhlenbergia fasciculata (Poaceae) endemic to Myanmar

Muhlenbergia fasciculata T. P. I. Phan, originally described in 1994, was an invalidly published name, because two collections (one flowering, one fruiting) were designated as the type. The name is validated here, with the flowering specimen designated as the holotype.     

Shoot the Messager? How the Secretarybird Sagittarius serpentarius got its names (mostly wrong)

Research into the etymology of various names for the Secretarybird Sagittarius serpentarius reveals a comedy of errors from Vosmaer, his French translator, Buffon, Sonnerat, and Miller to Fry. The research suggests that the name Sagittarius resulted from a misunderstanding in Holland and that Buffon introduced the name Messager in error. The Arabic root proposed for the name by Fry in 1977 is historically implausible and linguistically illogical.     

Taxonomy of the European Hydra (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): a re-examination of its history with emphasis on the species H. vulgaris Pallas,H. attenuata Pallas and H. circumcincta Schulze

The name Hydra attenuata Pallas is currently applied to the wrong animal. The common brown polyp, which is widely called H. attenuata, was described by Pallas (1766) as Hydra vulgaris. The name H. attenuata Pallas originally referred to an uncommon pale polyp, currently known as H. circumcincta Schulze. The history of this confusion is analysed here. The taxonomy of hydra was in disarray during the 18th and 19th centuries, and was clarified in 1917 with the monograph of Schulze. But Schulze misapplied the name for the common hydra, H. vulgaris, to an unusual form and thus was led to assign the name of a rare hydra, H. attenuata, to the common type. Schulze redescribed the rare, pale hydra that Pallas had named H. attenuata as H. circumcincta. The correct name of the common European brown, stalkless hydra is thus H. vulgaris Pallas, 1766. The name H. attenuata has priority for the uncommon pale hydra, but because of disuse of this application of the name, the pale hydra should be recognized by the current, generally accepted binominal H. circumcincta Schulze, 1914.     

Type designation of the oaks Quercus ballota and Q. rotundifolia (Fagaceae)

The names Quercus ballota and Q. rotundifolia (Fagaceae), referring to taxa sometimes considered conspecific with the widely distributed Q. ilex, are discussed and typified. A specimen preserved at MPU is designated as the lectotype of Desfontaines's name Q. ballota. Lamarck's name Q. rotundifolia is neotypified using a specimen preserved at VAL, with several duplicates in other European herbaria.     

Evidence for the treatment of Talarodictyon tilesii as an older taxonomic synonym of Hydroclathrus stephanosorus (Scytosiphonaceae,Phaeophyceae)

Morphological and anatomical evidence is presented to support the taxonomic judgment that Talarodictyon tilesii Endlicher is conspecific with Hydroclathrus stephanosorus Kraft in Kraft & Abbott. Because the former name has nomenclatural priority over the latter name, Hydroclathrus tilesii (Endlicher) comb. nov. is proposed.     

关于尾尖奇蒿(菊科-春黄菊族)合格发表问题的一条简注

尾尖奇蒿(Artemisia anomala var. acuminatissima)(菊科-春黄菊族)1992年发表时未指定模式,故为不合格发表。该名称2011年得以合格发表,故2016年的再次合格发表纯属多余,是有关作者没有仔细查阅文献的结果。该名称的正确引证应为"Artemisia anomala var. acuminatissima Y. R. Ling, Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18:203. 2011",而非"Artemisia anomala var.acuminatissima Y. R. Ling, Phytotaxa 273:213. 2016"。     

Maksymilianites, a new name forSyringella Nowiński, 1970 (Anthozoa, Tabulata) preoccupied bySyringella Schmidt, 1868 (Porifera)

A new name,Maksymilianites nom. nov. is proposed as a replacing name forSyringella Nowiński, 1970 (Anthozoa, Tabulata), monospecific genus from the Middle/Upper Devonian of Poland preoccupied bySyringella Schmidt, 1868 (Porifera).     

Hintoniella,a replacement name for the preoccupied generic name Helonastes Hinton, 1968 (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea: Elmidae)

Abstract

A replacement name, Hintoniella is proposed for the generic name Helonastes Hinton, 1968 in the family Elmidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea).     

Clarkeophlebia nom. nov., a replacement name for the genus Acanthophlebia Clarke, 1986 (Lepidoptera,Gelechioidea) non Towns, 1983

Abstract

A replacement name, Clarkeophlebia is proposed for the genus name Acanthophlebia Clarke, 1986 in the family Cosmopterigidae (Lepidoptera).