Phoradendron olae Kuijt, a new species from Mexico pivotal in the taxonomy of the genus, with comments on P. californicum Nutt.

Materials are presented to the effect thatPhoradendron californicum Nutt., the nomenclatural type of the genusPhoradendron (Viscaceae), is related to southern, cataphyllous species, not to northern, acataphyllous ones. The evidence consists of the frequent occurrence of basal cataphylls in the species, variation in basal phyllotaxy, and a basically biseriate arrangement of flowers on fertile internodes. The suggestion of this southern, cataphyllous affinity is supported by the recent discovery of a strictly cataphyllous Mexican species,P. olae Kuijt, which shows median basal phyllotaxy and is in many features extremely similar toP. californicum. The nomenclatural consequences of this discovery would lead to subgen.Boreales (Trel.) Engler (and probably subgen.Aequatoriales (Trel.) Engler) being synonymized under subgen.Phoradendron, characterized by basal cataphylls (though not in all species). However, no generic subdivision of any sort is supported at this time.     

A Study on the Species Arabis glandulosa Kar. & Kir.

The paper investigates the generic classification of the species called Arabis glandulosa Kar. & Kir., Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, 15, 146 (1842). It classifies it in the tribe Hesperideae Prantl in Engler & Prantl, in the genus Alaida Dvořák gen. nov. related to the genus Dontostemon Andrz. in DC. The paper also substantiates the classification by quoting the results, achieved so far, of the investigation of the evolutional relationship in the tribe Hesperideae Prantl in Engler & Prantl.     

Aphytis riyadhi n. sp. [Hym.: Aphelinidae], a parasite ofAonidiella spp. [Hom.: Diaspididae]

A new species ofAphytis reared fromAonidiella orientalis collected from citrus in Saudi Arabia is described and compared morphologically with four other closely relatedAphytis species.

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Résumé Aphytis riyahdi n. sp., parasite deAonidiella orientalis (Newst.) en Arabie Saoudite a été importé en Californie pour procéder à des lachers contreAonidiella aurantii (Maskell) afin d'améliorer la lutte biologique contre cette cochenille dans une zone de vaste superficie et de climats variés.

     

New Genera and Higher Taxa of Septate Gregarines (Protozoa,Apicomplexa)*

SYNOPSIS The following new taxa of septate gregarines are established: METAMERIDAE fam. nov. includes genera Metamera Duke, Deutomera Bhatia & Setna, and Cognettia gen. n., the last with the type and only species C. legeri (Cognetti de Martiis); family GREGARINIDAE Labbé includes Degiustia gen. n. with the type and only species D. hyallela (Batten & DeGiusti); Cirrigregarina gen. n., with the type species C. spissa (Henry) and another species, C. kamenote (Hoshide); and Molluskocystis gen. n., with the type and only species M. pterotracheae (Stuart). Family HIRMOCYSTIDAE (Grassé) includes Arachnocystis gen. n., with the type species A. arachnoidea (Devdhar & Gourishankar) and 3 other species A. nitida (Geus), A. oribatidae (Geus), A. scutovertexi (Erhardová). Family ACTINOCEPHALIDAE (Léger), subfamily Actinocephalinae (Léger), includes Chilogregarina gen. n., with the type species C. striata (Léger & Duboscq) and 3 other species C. brasiliensis (Pinto), C. dujardini (Schneider), and C. stella (Léger).     

Importance de la nutrition chezAphelinus sp. [Hym.Aphelinidae]

Résumé L'incidence de la nutrition sur la biologie des Aphélinides est étudiéc et analysée sous ses différents aspects: maturation sexuelle, spécificité parasitaire (adaptation à un nouvel h?te) et longévité. Les faits observés sont rapprochés de certains phénomènes d'adaptation à des facteurs du milieu connus chez d'autres groupes d'insectes. D'importants travaux ont été effectués sur un Aphélinide monophage,Aphelinus mali Haldeman depuis son introduction en Europe en 1929 pour freiner les pullulations du puceron lanigèreEriosoma lanigerum Hausm. Ce n'est que depuis une quinzaine d'années que les chercheurs américains ont orienté leurs recherches vers un autre Aphélinide,Aphelinus asychis Walker (=semiflavus Howard), susceptible d'attaquer un grand nombre d'espèces d'Aphides-h?tes. Cependant, la polyphagie de ce parasite fut très peu étudiée et c'est seulement en 1970 queRaney etal.,Manglitz & Schalk déterminant la fécondité du parasite en présence de divers h?tes, ont observé des différences de fécondité qui les ont conduits à considérer que certains h?tes étaient préférés par le parasite.

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Summary A study of polyphagous Aphelinids, parasites of aphids, revealed the existence of host conditioning. The physiology and behaviour of the female is influenced by the aphid species on which it feeds: sexual maturation, fecundity (measured by number of aphids mummified by one female) and longevity are impaired when this species differs from the one from which the female hatched. When females are fed with honey and water, longevity decreases (is reduced by about 15 days). Nutritive elements accumulated during larval life are used and eggs are progressively resorbed. This condition is not irreversible: if such females are reared with aphids, mature eggs can be observed after two days. Fecundity and longevity are decreased when one female (Aphelinus asychis), hatched from an aphid species A, is reared on an aphid species B. In the F₂ generation, the parasite is better adapted to the new host; in F₃ fecundity may be comparable with that recorded in females reared on aphid host A. However, if F₃ females hatched from species B mummies are now placed on aphid host A, the same kind of biological disturbances are observed as in the original transfer (A to B). After disproving the hypothesis of genetical selection of individuals adapted to the new host, the influence of nutrition on female physiology is demonstrated. This conditioning may be compared with that inAcrididae, attributable to a density factor, or that inNemeritis andDrosophila, to the odour of certain chemicals.

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Le présent article est extrait de la thèse de Doctorat d'état soutenue le 20 mars 1972 à l'Université Paris VI.     

The species ofCoccophagus Westwood, 1833 [Hym., Aphelinidae] from India

An account of the Indian species of the Aphelinid genusCoccophagus,Westwood, collected by the author, is given. Three new species (C. gilvus sp. n.C. longicornis sp. n., andC. burksi sp. n.) are described, and three species [C. cowperi Girault,C. bogoriensis (Koningsberger) andC. Bivittatus Compere] are reported for the first time from India. A key to the Indian and some allied species is given.

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Résumé Trois nouvelles espèces (C. gilvus, C. longicornis etC. burksi) sont décrites et trois espèces (C. cowperi Girault,C. bogoriensis (Koningsberger) etC. bivitatus Compere) sont signalées pour la première fois de l'Inde. Une clé dichotomique des espèces de l'Inde et de certaines espèces voisines est donnée.

     

Pictolejeunea reginac, a new species of Lejeuneaceae (Hepaticae) from Venezuela

Pictolejeunea reginae, a new species from Venezuela is described and illustrated. It is the type of the new subgenusNeopitolejeunea Ilkiu-Borges, which is characterized by entire underleaves. A key to the two subgenera and four known species ofPictolejeunea is provided.

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Ilkiu-Borges, A. L. (Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, C. P. 399, Belém, Pará, CEP 66040-170. Brasil: email: ilkiuborges@hotmail.com).Pictolejeunea reginae, a new species of Lejeuneaceae (Hepaticae) from Venezuela. Brittonia 54: 318–321. 2002.—Pictolejeunea reginae, uma nova espécie encontrada na Venezuela, é descrita e ilustrada. A espécie é tratada como tipo do novo subgêneroNeopictolejeunea Ilkiu-Borges, caracterizada pelos anfigastros inteiros. é apresentada uma chave para os dois subgêneros e as quatro espécies dePictolejeunea.

     

Dorlodotia and related genera (Rugosa) from the Visean (Mississippian; Carboniferous) of Zonguldak and Bartin (North‐Western Turkey)

Abstract: A rich and diverse coral fauna collected from the Livian (Viséan, Mississippian) of Zonguldak and Bart?n (North‐western Turkey) contains numerous specimens of Dorlodotia and related forms. The most common species, D. delepinei Charles, 1933 , is redetermined as Dorlodotia briarti, an European species. A new species of Dorlodotia is described for very large, phaceloid forms: D. euxinensis. The genus Ceriodotia is created for species close to Dorlodotia with a cerioid habit. It comprises two species: C. bartinensis and C. petalaxoides, both common in the Viséan of Zonguldak and Bart?n. Based on comparison of morphological characters and features of the astogeny, a phylogenetic lineage is proposed for Dorlodotia and the new taxa. The evolution of D. euxinensis from D. briarti is peramorphic. Subsequent paedomorphosis resulted in the lineage D. euxinensis–C. bartinensis–C. petalaxoides. Ceriodotia probably includes Viséan taxa from Asia previously described as ‘Acrocyathus’.     

Taxonomy of gastropods of the families Ranellidae (= Cymatiidae) and Bursidae. Part 2. Descriptions of 14 new modern Indo-West Pacific species and subspecies,with revisions of related taxa

Abstract

The subgenus Cymatium (Septa) is here restricted to species closely related to C. rubeculum (Linné, 1758). A lectotype is designated for C. rubeculum, neotypes are designated for C. hepaticum (Röding, 1798) and C. flaveolum (Röding, 1798), C. occidentale (Mörch, 1877) (= blacketi Iredale, 1936; = beui Garcia-Talavera, 1985) is recorded from the Indo-West Pacific, C. (Septa) marerubrum Garcia-Talavera, 1985 is ranked as a geographic subspecies of C. rubeculum, and three new taxa are named: C. (Septa) bibbeyi n. sp., Philippine Islands; C. (Septa) closeli n. sp., Indian Ocean; and C. (Septa) peasei n. sp., western Pacific. In the subgenus Cymatium (Ranularia), neotypes are designated for C. guttumium (Röding, 1798) and its synonyms, for C. moniliferum (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850), and for C. pyrulum (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850), a lectotype is designated for C. pseudopyrum (Martin, 1899) (a junior synonym of C. pyrulum), other species distinguished are C. encausticum (Reeve, 1844) and C. exile (Reeve, 1844), and new taxa named are C. andamanense n. sp., Andaman Islands, C. springsteeni n. sp., western Pacific and Red Sea, and C. sinense arthuri n. subsp., Red Sea. Other Ranellidae named are Sassia (Sassia) ponderi n. sp., Queensland, and Distorsio (Distorsio) euconstricta n. sp., Indian Ocean and southwest Pacific. A lectotype selected for Murex reticularis Linné, 1758 is a specimen of the species usually known as Distorsio reticulata (Röding, 1798).

In Bursa (Bursa), a lectotype is designated for B. grayana Dunker, 1862 (= B. bufoniopsis Maury, 1917; = B. pacamoni Matthews & Coelho, 1971), western Atlantic, and the similar new Oman to Philippines species B. davidboschi is named. Other Bursa taxa named are B. (Colubrellina) quirihorai n. sp., Philippines, and B. (Colubrellina) latitudo fosteri n. subsp., Philippines. In Bufonaria (Bufonaria), a lectotype designated for Murex rana Linné, 1758 confirms that as the name for the most common western Pacific species, a lectotype designated for Ranella crumena Lamarck, 1816 confirms that as the name for the most common Indian Ocean species, B. elegans (Beck in G. B. Sowerby II, 1836) is illustrated, and the new western Pacific species B. perelegans is named; the four similar species B. nobilis (Reeve, 1844), B. margaritula (Deshayes, 1832), B. gnorima (Melville, 1918), and B. thersites (Redfield, 1846) are distinguished, and the new Madagascar to Philippines species B. ignobilis is named. In Tutufa (Tutufella), the newly named species T. boholica occurs with T. rubeta (Linné, 1758) in deep water in the Philippine Islands.     

A redescription of Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938), the type-species of Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae), and the description of P. satyui n. sp. from Epinephelus akaara off Japan

Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938) has been recorded from a variety of hosts, mainly groupers. All type-specimens of Diplectanum epinepheli Yamaguti, 1938, Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli Yamaguti, 1958 and Cycloplectanum hongkongensis Beverley-Burton & Suriano, 1981 are figured: it is concluded, as did Kritsky & Beverley-Burton (1986), that the three species are synonymous. In addition, numerous monogenean specimens from a deep-sea grouper, Epinephelus chlorostigma, collected off New Caledonia, South Pacific, were prepared using various methods and described. These specimens are also conspecific with P. epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938) and represent a new geographical record. This species has a sclerotised vagina with a very characteristic primary chamber. The simultaneous presence of P. lantauensis (Beverley-Burton & Suriano, 1981) and P. epinepheli was noted in both type-slides of D. epinepheli from Japan (host: E. akaara) and C. hongkongensis from Hong Kong (host: E. bruneus). Several causes are suspected for the alleged ‘generalist’ character of P. epinepheli, including the misidentification of either fish or monogeneans and the accidental exchanges of monogeneans between fishes of different species kept alive in the same tank. Finally, the confirmed list of hosts of P. epinepheli includes E. akaara, E. awoara and E. chlorostigma; it is suggested that the latter, a widespread deep-sea fish, serves as a reservoir for the infection of the other species, which are associated with shallow waters. P. satyui n. sp. is described from two specimens found on slides from E. akaara (from the Inland Sea of Japan) deposited by Yamaguti; the new species has a sclerotised vagina with characteristic spherical chambers.

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Résumé   Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938) a été mentionné chez différents h?tes, surtout des mérous. Tous les spécimens-types de Diplectanum epinepheli Yamaguti, 1938, Pseudorhabdosynochus epinepheli Yamaguti, 1958 et Cycloplectanum hongkongensis Beverley-Burton & Suriano, 1981 sont figurés, et on conclut, comme Kritsky & Beverley-Burton (1986), que les trois espèces sont synonymes. De plus, de nombreux spécimens de monogènes collectés chez un mérou de profondeur, Epinephelus chlorostigma, de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Pacifique Sud, ont été préparés avec des méthodes variées. Ces spécimens sont aussi conspécifiques de P. epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1938) et la Nouvelle-Calédonie représente une nouvelle mention géographique. L’espèce a une vagin sclérifié avec une chambre primaire très caractéristique. La présence simultanée de P. lantauensis (Beverley-Burton & Suriano, 1981) et P. epinepheli a été notée dans les lames-types de D. epinepheli du Japon (h?te, E. akaara) et de C. hongkongensis de Hong-Kong (h?te, E. bruneus). Plusieurs causes sont soup?onnées pour le caractère prétendument ‘généraliste’ de P. epinepheli, dont les mauvaises identifications de poissons, des monogènes, et l’échange accidentel de monogènes chez des poissons gardés vivants ensemble dans un même contenant. Finalement, la liste des h?tes confirmés de P. epinepheli comprend E. akaara, E. awoara et E. chlorostigma. On fait l’hypothèse que E. chlorostigma, espèce de profondeur, a servi de réservoir pour l’infestation des autres espèces, plus associées aux eaux peu profondes. P. satyui n. sp. est décrit de deux spécimens trouvés dans des lames de parasites de E. akaara (de la mer intérieure du Japon) déposées par Yamaguti. La nouvelle espèce a un vagin sclérifié avec des chambres sphériques caractéristiques.

     

A reassessment of the distribution of the rare Genetta johnstoni (Viverridae, Carnivora) with some newly discovered specimens

The rare Johnston’s Genet (Genetta johnstoni) is one of the least known small carnivores inhabiting the West African rain forest. Some newly discovered specimens collected from the field (Guinea and Ivory Coast) and several rediscovered specimens resulting from reinvestigating collections, have permitted us to reconsider the distribution of the species. Coupled with a bibliographic review and a census of specimens kept in public collections, a reassessed distribution map is proposed, extending the previous estimated range 400 km to the West (Kolenté Plates, Guinea) and more than 600 km to the East (Tarkwa, Ghana). The majority of collected specimens have come from the inland forests of northern Liberia and south‐eastern Guinea, while the surroundings of Mt. Nimba also support numbers of this species. We suggest that the supposed restriction of G. johnstoni to rain forest be re‐evaluated because a specimen was collected in a region of moist woodlands and savannah (Kolenté Plateau). With regard to these new distributional data, conservation implications for the whole Upper Guinean block population are discussed.     

Cingula globuloides sp.n. (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) from Northern Atlantic

Warén, A. (Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.) Cingula globuloides sp.n. (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) from northern Atlantic. Zool. Scripta 1(3–4): 191–192, 1972. –Cingula globuloides sp.n. is described from the northern Atlantic. This species has earlier been confused with Cingula globulus (Möller, 1842). The distinctive characteristics and distribution of C. globulus are given.     

Fissidens viridulus Wahlenb. and F. minutulus Sull.

Abstract

A new species of Pseudocrossidium R.S.Williams, P. exiguum M.J.Cano &; J.A.Jiménez, is described from South America (Argentina, Brazil and Peru). The species is distinguished morphologically by its lingulate to oblong-ovate leaves, leaf marginal cells not or scarcely differentiated from inner, costa ending below apex or percurrent, and semicircular to elliptical in cross-section with two guide cells, scarcely differentiated perichaetial leaves and peristome of short and straight teeth. Drawings and light microscope photographs of the new species are provided. The principal distinctive characters that separate it from the nearest species of Pseudocrossidium and related genera are discussed.     

A monograph of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Octoknema</Emphasis> (Octoknemaceae — Olacaceae <Emphasis Type="Italic">s.l.</Emphasis>)

A revision of Octoknema Pierre is provided, based on morphological data gathered from a study of herbarium specimens and observations in the field. Fourteen species of Octoknema are recognised including six new species: O. bakossiensis Gosline & Malécot, O. belingensis Gosline & Malécot, O. chailluensis Malécot & Gosline, O. kivuensis Gosline & Malécot, O. mokoko Gosline & Malécot and O. ogoouensis Malécot & Gosline. Data are given for four additional poorly known taxa (Octoknema species A, B, C and D).     

A revision of the genus Sclerosperma (Arecaceae)

Summary  A taxonomic revision of the palm genus Sclerosperma (Arecaceae) is presented. Three species are recognised: S. mannii H. Wendl., which is relatively widespread from Liberia to the Democratic Republic of Congo; S. walkeri A. Chev., which is apparently confined to the interior of Gabon and a band along the Congo River; and S. profiziana, a new species previously considered conspecific to S. mannii that is found in southwest Ghana, Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola. The taxonomic history, morphology, distribution and conservation status of the genus and each species are discussed.     

Gelling interactions of phycocolloids extracted from red algae with a galactomannan from locust bean and a glucomannan from konjac tuber

The synergistic interaction between three red algae extracts and the galactomannan from locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and the glucomannan from the konjac tuber (Amorphophallus konjac C. Koch (syn.A. rivieri Durien var. konjac (C. Kock) Engler)) has been characterized in terms of gel properties. The extract obtained fromEucheuma alvarezii Doty (E. cottonii of commerce) was highly synergistic with bothkonjac flour and locust bean gum.Furcellaria fastigiata (Huds.) Lamour andEucheuma gelatinae (Esper) extracts were only slightly synergistic with locust bean gum, but were found to be highly synergistic with konjac flour.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Colletoecema gabonensis</Emphasis>, a third species of an unusual African genus of Rubiaceae

As a result of ongoing studies of the Rubiaceae of Gabon, the new species Colletoecema gabonensis is here described and illustrated. It is endemic to Gabon, where it is the only species of the genus, and is so far only known from three collections from the Ogooué-Lolo and Ngounié provinces. The new species is morphologically intermediate between its two congeners, C. dewevrei (from Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, DR Congo, and Angola) and C. magna (endemic to Cameroon). The new species agrees with C. dewevrei in having flowers with exserted anthers and style, but differs in its sessile flowers and fruits. In the latter characters, it resembles C. magna, from which it can be separated by its smaller fruits and leaves, and by its different floral morphology. An IUCN conservation assessment has been made and the species is provisionally assessed as Vulnerable, based on its restricted area of occupancy and the small number of known locations.     

A New Species of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) from Patagonia Related to C. sociabilis

The genus Ctenomys includes a high number of taxa, with at least ten species from Patagonia and three recently described species for northeastern Chubut Province (Argentina). Ctenomys sociabilis is a social species of the genus Ctenomys and is currently distributed in the surrounding area of Sierra Cuyin Manzano (Neuquén Province), with a recently extinct population that occurred in Laguna Nahuelquir (Cushamen, Chubut Province). Molecular analyses have placed C. sociabilis at the base of Ctenomys clade, as the sister species to all other Ctenomys. Based on a morphological assessment (qualitative and quantitative) and DNA sequencing, we describe a new species of Ctenomys from Esquel, Chubut Province. Phylogenetic analysis shows the new species to be closely related to C. sociabilis, with evidence of solitary behavior. This new species is the first reported to be closely related phylogenetically to Ctenomys sociabilis at the base of the Ctenomys phylogeny. We provide anatomical comparisons between the new species and other species of Ctenomys from Patagonia, especially C. sociabilis.

     

Experimental comparison of laboratory-reared vs. wild-typeTrichogramma chilonis [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae] II. Tolerance of non-optimal temperatures

A comparative study was made of the tolerance of wild-type (WT) vs. laboratory-reared (LR)Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (=T. confusum Vigg.) for low (2°C) and high (35°C) temperatures. The wild-type populations orginated from two geographical regions viz., Vijayapura (near Bangalore) and Hyderabad. Probit analysis of the data to determine the precise LT₅₀ showed that the WT populations survived high and low temperatures better than the LR populations.

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Résumé Une étude comparative a été effectuée sur la tolérance à des températures basses (2°C) et élevées (35°C) deTrichogramma chilonis Ishii provenant de la nature par rapport à une souche de laboratoire. Les populations sauvages provenaient de 2 régions: Vijayupara (près de Bangalore) et Hyderabad. Une analyse probit des données destinée à déterminer le temps létal 50 a montré que les populations sauvages survivent mieux aux températures extrêmes que la population d'élevage.