共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
虽然国际生物科学联合会已经明确了“学名”的法定地位,但在实际工作中仍然离不开中文名的使用。本文通过对以“himalaya”拉丁化命名的6个属、402个物种,以及涉及“喜马拉雅山”的1个属、37个种中文名的分析,发现有3个属和35个物种中文名命名不规范。这些命名中不恰当的简化违反了地名法定原则、史料记载和行业惯例,由此提出修订不规范命名的建议。 相似文献
2.
SUMMARY Workers revising Southern African freshwater fishes have endeavoured to provide brief information on those persons who have had fish named after them. The provenance of all such patronyms in currently valid species has been established with one exception: Clarias theodorae M. Weber 1897. This was named after a niece of Professor Weber's wife, who accompanied him on his South African visit. 相似文献
3.
Jan Šlapeta 《International journal for parasitology》2013,43(12-13):957-970
Parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa) cause cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals worldwide. The species names used for Cryptosporidium spp. are confusing for parasitologists and even more so for non-specialists. Here, 30 named species of the genus Cryptosporidium are reviewed and proposed as valid. Molecular and experimental evidence suggests that humans and cattle are the hosts for 14 and 13 out of 30 named species, respectively. Two, four and eight named species are considered of major, moderate and minor public health significance, respectively. There are at least nine named species that are shared between humans and cattle. The aim of this review is to outline available species information together with the most commonly used genetic markers enabling the identification of named Cryptosporidium spp. Currently, 28 of 30 named species can be identified using the complete or partial ssrRNA, serving as a retrospective ‘barcode’. Currently, the ssrRNA satisfies the implicit assumption that the reference databases used for comparison are sufficiently complete and applicable across the whole genus. However, due to unreliable annotation in public DNA repositories, the reference nucleotide entries and alignment of named Cryptosporidium spp. has been compiled. Despite its known limitations, ssrRNA remains the optimal marker for species identification. 相似文献
4.
Tim M. Berra 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1997,50(1):1-12
Of the approximately 1.5 million species described to date, about 48 170 (3.2%) are vertebrates. Of these 24 618 (51%) are
fishes. Amazingly, 41% of fishes are found in fresh water which makes up a negligible percentage of the water on earth. The
sea accounts for 97% of all water on the planet and contains 58% of the fish species, mostly from shallow, warm-coastal areas.
The families Cichlidae, Cyprinidae, Characidae, Loricariidae, and Cyprinodontidae constitute about half of all the recently
described new freshwater fish species named in the period 1978–1993. The Gobiidae and Serranidae are the marine families with
the largest number of recently described new species. The most new freshwater teleost names came from South America (39%),
Africa (32%) and Asia (17%). New fish species continue to be described at the rate of roughly 130–160 each year. An estimated
13 775 new fish names have been proposed in this century, representing about 56% of all currently known fish species. Three
species are discussed in detail to represent remarkable examples of 20th century fish discoveries: the coelacanth Latimeria
chalumnae, the salamanderfish Lepidogalaxias salamandroides of Western Australia, and the megamouth shark Megachasma pelagios.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Skates (Rajiformes: Rajoidei) are a highly diverse fish group, comprising more valid species than any other group of cartilaginous
fishes. The high degree of endemism exhibited by the skates is somewhat enigmatic given their relatively conserved body morphology
and apparent restrictive habitat, e.g. soft bottom substrates. Skates are primarily marine benthic dwellers found from the
intertidal down to depths in excess of 3,000 m. They are most diverse at higher latitudes and in deepwater, but are replaced
in shallower, warm temperate to tropical waters by stingrays (Myliobatodei). The number of valid skate species has increased
exponentially, with more species having been described since 1950 (n = 126) than had been described in the previous 200 years (n = 119). Much of the renaissance in skate systematics has largely been through the efforts of a few individuals who through
author–coauthor collaboration have accounted for 78 of the 131 species described since 1948 and for nine of 13 genera named
since 1950. Furthermore, detailed regional surveys and accounts of skate biodiversity have also contributed to a better understanding
of the diversity of the skates. A checklist of the living valid skate species is presented. 相似文献
6.
该研究以采自新疆的100余份饼干衣属(Rinodina)地衣标本为研究材料,通过形态解剖特征观察、地衣化学成分分析以及分子生物学鉴定方法鉴定出9个种,包括2个中国新记录种——阿富汗饼干衣(Rinodina afghanica)和古氏饼干衣(Rinodina guzzinii),7个常见种分别是:包氏饼干衣(R. bohlinii)、毕氏饼干衣(R. bischoffii)、代谢饼干衣(R. metaboliza)、密果饼干衣(R. pycnocarpa)、特雷氏饼干衣(R. trevisanii)、甘肃饼干衣(R. straussii)和地生饼干衣(R. terrestris)。并提供了新疆饼干衣属地衣的分种检索表、每个物种的详细描述、新记录种的特征图片以及系统发育分析。 相似文献
7.
8.
A new species of Discodorididae is described from the Pacific coasts of Mexico and Panama. It is named using a modified version of the epithet-based nomenclature proposed by Url Lanham 40 years ago. The species described here can be placed confidently in the clade Discodorididae, but not in any of its subclades (traditionally taxa of genus rank). The unique, epithet-based name of the species is “aliciae Dayrat, 2005”. The combination Discodorididae aliciae may also be used, once the unique, epithet-based name has been cited. Discodorididae aliciae is an example of how a new species of Discodorididae could be named in the context of phylogenetic nomenclature. I argue that epithet-based species names and their combinations with clade addresses should be very appealing to people who think phylogenetically. I also discuss two advantages of such combinations: first, they should be more stable than Linnaean binomials, which often change for arbitrary (e.g. non-phylogenetic) reasons; second, they should help taxonomists avoid creating multiple names for the same species. 相似文献
9.
10.
The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida): A World List of Valid Tick Names 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The world's argasid tick fauna comprises 183 species in four genera, namely Argas, Carios, Ornithodoros and Otobius in the family Argasidae. The ixodid tick fauna consists of 241 species in the genus Ixodes and 442 species in the genera Amblyomma, Anomalohimalaya, Bothriocroton, Cosmiomma, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Margaropus, Nosomma, Rhipicentor and Rhipicephalus in the family Ixodidae, with the genus Boophilus becoming a subgenus of the genus Rhipicephalus. The family Nuttalliellidae is represented by the monospecific genus Nuttalliella. The species names of these ticks, based on seven previous complete or partial listings, as well as those of recently described
new species, are presented in tabular format.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
The taxonomic uncertainty surrounding cryptic species complexes has traditionally been resolved using lengthy experimental
approaches, while, since the advent of PCR based techniques the number of cryptic species described in a variety of taxa is
increasing steadily. Here we formally describe a new rotifer species of the Brachionus plicatilis complex: Brachionus manjavacas n.sp., disentangling what was known as a morphological stasis. Detailed morphological analyses demonstrated significant differences
in body shape and size between B. manjavacas and B. plicatilis s.s., analysed by geometric morphometrics; unfortunately these statistical differences are not taxonomically reliable because
of wide overlaps. Size and asymmetry of masticatory apparatus, named trophi, observed by SEM, gave similar results, with taxonomic
ambiguity. Only the shape of small pieces of the trophi, named satellites, were consistently different between the species.
On a strictly classical taxonomical basis it is absolutely useful to name new species on morphological bases, as we did, and
to assess their status as distinct entities. Nevertheless, the two species are broadly similar; therefore, we do not suggest
using the small differences in shape of satellites of trophi to identify the species for further ecological studies, but to
continue discriminating them on genetic marker bases.
Handling editor: K. Martens 相似文献
12.
Lucia Muggia Günther Zellnig Johannes Rabensteiner Martin Grube 《Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.)》2010,51(2):149-160
Recent DNA sequence analyses have revealed the diversity of algal partners in lichen symbioses. Although morphologically similar,
different genetic lineages of photobionts are detected in wide geographic ranges of the same lichen fungal species. We studied
the photobiont of the genus Trebouxia, which are known as partners of diverse lichen-forming fungal species in the Mediterranean region. We studied the phylogeny
of these algae with a multilocus dataset including three loci: ITS, rbcL, and actin type I gene. The two lineages found, informally
named Trebouxia sp. 1 and Trebouxia sp. 2, are related to Trebouxia arboricola/decolorans. The cultivation under axenic conditions succeeded only for one of them so far. We used light microscopy, confocal laser
scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for phenotypic characterisation. The ultrastructural characters currently
used to describe species in the genus do not support the segregation of Trebouxia sp.1 from Trebouxia arboricola. The preferential presence in Mediterranean climates of these strains suggests eco-physiological adaptation. Despite their
asexuality in long living lichen symbioses, coccoid algal lichen partners have apparently diversified genetically and physiologically. 相似文献
13.
Ke-Wang Xu Liang Zhang Carl J. Rothfels Alan R. Smith Ronald Viane David Lorence Kenneth R. Wood Cheng-Wei Chen Ralf Knapp Lin Zhou Ngan Thi Lu Xin-Mao Zhou Hong-Jin Wei Qiang Fan Su-Fang Chen Daniele Cicuzza Xin-Fen Gao Wen-Bo Liao Li-Bing Zhang 《Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society》2020,36(1):22-71
The infrageneric relationships and taxonomy of the largest fern genus, Asplenium (Aspleniaceae), have remained poorly understood. Previous studies have focused mainly on specific species complexes involving a few or dozens of species only, or have achieved a large taxon sampling but only one plastid marker was used. In the present study, DNA sequences from six plastid markers (atpB, rbcL, rps4, rps4-trnS, trnL and trnL-F) of 1030 accessions (616 of them newly sequenced here) representing c. 420 species of Asplenium (60% of estimated species diversity), 16 species of Hymenasplenium, three Diplaziopsidaceae, and four Rhachidosoraceae were used to produce the largest genus-level phylogeny yet for ferns. Our major results include: (i) Asplenium as broadly circumscribed is monophyletic based on our inclusion of representatives of 32 of 38 named segregate genera; (ii) 11 major clades in Asplenium are identified, and their relationships are mostly well-resolved and strongly supported; (iii) numerous species, unsampled in previous studies, suggest new relationships and numerous cryptic species and species complexes in Asplenium; and (iv) the accrued molecular evidence provides an essential foundation for further investigations of complex patterns of geographical diversification, speciation and reticulate evolution in this family. 相似文献
14.
Hylarana is a well established frog genus coming under the family Ranidae. An increasing number of antimicrobial peptides have been
isolated and characterized from the skin of frogs of this genus. This review covers the antimicrobial peptides reported so
far from the frogs of Hylarana genus and to propose a consistent system of nomenclature for amphibian skin peptides. Multiple sequence alignment of the
skin peptides from Hylarana genus has grouped them into six peptide families, and three bioactive peptides. Existing nomenclature of amphibian antimicrobial
peptides is species centered with no implication to the genus which can lead to disparities, when frogs with same species
name belonging to different genus have to be named. As per the proposed system the peptide should have the parent peptide
name (e.g. Brevinin-1) followed by two uppercase letter of the genus, if two genera begin with the same letter–first letter
should be the same followed by an appropriate second letter (e.g. HU for Huia and HM for Humenerana). This is succeeded by species name in lower case-orthologous peptides from different species may be characterized by the
initial letter of that species, when two species begin with the same initial letter, second letter should be used appropriately
(e.g. HLat for Hylarana aurata and HLan for Hylarana aurantiaca). Paralogs belonging to the same peptide family are assigned by numbers. 相似文献
15.
Abstract The polypores (Aphyllophorales s.l., Basidiomycota) are very effective wood decayers. Different species differ in their capacity to decay wood; therefore, many functionally different species can be found decaying different substrate conditions (decay stages and log diameter). This study aimed to describe the structure of the wood‐decay polypore communities that occur on different states of wood of the Andean alder (Alnus acuminata) within Argentina and to identify groups of polypore species that share the same substrate condition, and thus might have a similar functional role in the decay processes. We found 16 polypore species, among which Trametes versicolor, Bjerkandera adusta and Trametes cubensis were dominant species, showing the highest relative frequency in alder wood. Species richness was lower on trunks of living trees and higher on dead branches. Based on preferential occurrence on different wood conditions, a cluster analysis distinguished three groups, each of them containing one of the three dominant species. This corresponds to the situation of other groups of organisms, where each functional type consists of a dominant species that accounts for most of the ‘function’ and several subordinate species with similar functions. Albeit preliminary, our results provide a formal classification of wood‐decay fungi into functional types. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Jiro Sawada Tetsuo Misaki Hajime Yasui Masao Okabe Kazunori Hanada Tadayasu Okazaki 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(5):646-652
Two strains of molds, which had a very close similarity with each other, and the acid-stable α-amylase activity of which was very high, were isolated from the air. Studies on the morphology of these strains revealed that, although they were fairly close to Paecilomyces varioti, they had some peculiar characteristics, and that their existence had not been reported hitherto. Therefore the authors concluded that the strains must belong to a new species in the genus Paecilomyces, and named them Paecilomyces subglobosus sp. nov. TPR-3810 and -3811, respectively, after their characteristic shape of the conidiospores. 相似文献
19.
FENESTRATE BRYOZOAN GENERA BASED ON SPECIES FROM IRELAND ORIGINALLY DESCRIBED BY FREDERICK M'COY IN 1844 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract: A large number of fenestrate bryozoan species were named in 'A Synopsis of the Characters of the Carboniferous Limestone Fossils of Ireland' by Frederick M'Coy (1844). At the same time, M'Coy named the bryozoan genera Ichthyorachis , Ptylopora and Polypora , each of which by monotypy or by subsequent designation was based on new species within that work. Subsequently, d' Orbigny (1849) named Fenestrellina with the type species Fenestella crassa M'Coy, 1844 as type species; Miller (1961) named Parafenestella with the type species Fenestella formosa M'Coy, 1844 as type species; and Wyse Jackson (1988) named Baculopora with the type species Vincularia megastoma M'Coy, 1844. We re-describe here in more detail than previously the fenestrate type species originally published in M'Coy (1844), provide diagnoses of the genera, and compare the nineteenth century genera with more recently named genera that have been discriminated specifically from them. 相似文献
20.
Chromosome counts are reported for 126 taxa representing 122 species and 61 genera of Compositae. First reports include two genera, Stylocline (n = 14) and Chromolepis (n = 19), 17 species, two infraspecific taxa, and one interspecific hybrid. Five additional taxa have chromosome numbers differing from previously published accounts. Carminatia is reinstated to generic status. 相似文献