Desaturation, dioxygenation, and monooxygenation reactions catalyzed by naphthalene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain 9816-4.

The stereospecific oxidation of indan and indene was examined with mutant and recombinant strains expressing naphthalene dioxygenase of Pseudomonas sp. strain 9816-4. Pseudomonas sp. strain 9816/11 and Escherichia coli JM109(DE3)[pDTG141] oxidized indan to (+)-(1S)-indanol, (+)-cis-(1R,2S)-indandiol, (+)-(1S)-indenol, and 1-indanone. The same strains oxidized indene to (+)-cis-(1R,2S)-indandiol and (+)-(1S)-indenol. Purified naphthalene dioxygenase oxidized indan to the same four products formed by strains 9816/11 and JM109(DE3)[pDTG141]. In addition, indene was identified as an intermediate in indan oxidation. The major products formed from indene by purified naphthalene dioxygenase were (+)-(1S)-indenol and (+)-(1R,2S)-indandiol. The results show that naphthalene dioxygenase catalyzes the enantiospecific monooxygenation of indan to (+)-(1S)-indanol and the desaturation of indan to indene, which then serves as a substrate for the formation of (+)-(1R,2S)-indandiol and (+)-(1S)-indenol. The relationship of the desaturase, monooxygenase, and dioxygenase activities of naphthalene dioxygenase is discussed with reference to reactions catalyzed by toluene dioxygenase, plant desaturases, cytochrome P-450, methane monooxygenase, and other bacterial monooxygenases.     

Regio- and stereospecific oxidation of 9,10-dihydroanthracene and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene by naphthalene dioxygenase: structure and absolute stereochemistry of metabolites.

The oxidation of 9,10-dihydroanthracene and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene was examined with mutant and recombinant strains expressing naphthalene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida (NCIB 9816.4. Salicylate-induced cells of P. putida strain 9816/11 and isopropylthiogalactopyranoside-induced cells of Escherichia coli JM109(DE3)(pDTG141) oxidized 9,10-dihydroanthracene to (+)-cis-1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,9,10-tetrahydroanthracene (> 95% relative yield; > 95% enantiomeric excess) as the major product. 9-Hydroxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene (< 5% relative yield) was a minor product formed by both organisms. The same cells oxidized 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene to (+)-cis-(3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4,9,10-tetrahydrophenanthrene (70% relative yield; > 95% enantiomeric excess) and (+)-(S)-9-hydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (30% relative yield). The major reaction catalyzed by naphthalene dioxygenase with 9,10-dihydroanthracene and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene was stereospecific dihydroxylation in which both of the previously undescribed cis-diene diols were of R configuration at the benzylic center adjacent to the bridgehead carbon atom. The results suggest that for benzocylic substrates, the location of benzylic carbons influences the type of reaction(s) catalyzed by naphthalene dioxygenase.     

Regio- and stereospecific oxidation of fluorene, dibenzofuran, and dibenzothiophene by naphthalene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816-4.

The regio- and stereospecific oxidation of fluorene, dibenzofuran, and dibenzothiophene was examined with mutant and recombinant strains expressing naphthalene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816-4. The initial oxidation products were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Salicylate-induced cells of Pseudomonas sp. strain 9816/11 and isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside-induced cells of Escherichia coli JM109(DE3)(pDTG141) oxidized fluorene to (+)-(3S,4R)-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrofluorene (80 to 90% relative yield; > 95% enantiomeric excess [ee]) and 9-fluorenol (< 10% yield). The same cells oxidized dibenzofuran to (1R,2S)-cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1, 2-dihydrodibenzofuran (60 to 70% yield; > 95% ee) and (3S,4R)-cis-3, 4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrodibenzofuran (30 to 40% yield; > 95% ee). Induced cells of both strains, as well as the purified dioxygenase, also oxidized dibenzothiophene to (+)-(1R,2S)-cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1, 2-dihydrodibenzothiophene (84 to 87% yield; > 95% ee) and dibenzothiophene sulfoxide (< 15% yield). The major reaction catalyzed by naphthalene dioxygenase with each substrate was stereospecific dihydroxylation in which the cis-dihydrodiols were of identical regiochemistry and of R configuration at the benzylic center adjacent to the bridgehead carbon atom. The regiospecific oxidation of dibenzofuran differed from that of the other substrates in that a significant amount of the minor cis-3,4-dihydrodiol regioisomer was formed. The results indicate that although the absolute stereochemistry of the cis-diene diols was the same, the nature of the bridging atom or heteroatom influenced the regiospecificity of the reactions catalyzed by naphthalene dioxygenase.     

Naphthalene-dioxygenase-catalysed cis-dihydroxylation of azaarene derivatives: Part 1: 2-Pyridones and 2-quinolones

The scope of the biotransformation of 2-pyridone- and 2-quinolone-derived compounds by recombinant whole-cells of E. coli JM109(DE3)(pDTG141) expressing the naphthalene-dioxygenase system from Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816-4 was explored, using a series of N- and C-substituted derivatives. Among them, only the N-methyl substituted compounds were good substrates for a regio- and stereoselective dihydroxylation reaction leading to cis-dihydroxydihydro pyridone derivatives, corresponding to the general pattern expected for this enzyme. In the absence of dihydroxylation reactions, N-dealkylations and monohydroxylations on external methyl groups were observed.     

Toluene degradation by Pseudomonas putida F1. Nucleotide sequence of the todC1C2BADE genes and their expression in Escherichia coli

The nucleotide sequence of the todC1C2BADE genes which encode the first three enzymes in the catabolism of toluene by Pseudomonas putida F1 was determined. The genes encode the three components of the toluene dioxygenase enzyme system: reductaseTOL (todA), ferredoxinTOL (todB), and the two subunits of the terminal dioxygenase (todC1C2); (+)-cis-(1S, 2R)-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene dehydrogenase (todD); and 3-methylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase (todE). Knowledge of the nucleotide sequence of the tod genes was used to construct clones of Escherichia coli JM109 that overproduce toluene dioxygenase (JM109(pDT-601]; toluene dioxygenase and (+)-cis-(1S, 2R)-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene dehydrogenase (JM109(pDTG602]; and toluene dioxygenase, (+)-cis-(1S, 2R)-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene dehydrogenase, and 3-methylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase (JM109(pDTG603]. The overexpression of the tod-C1C2BADE gene products was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The three E. coli JM109 strains harboring the plasmids pDTG601, pDTG602, and pDTG603, after induction with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, oxidized toluene to (+)-cis-(1S, 2R)-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene, 3-methylcatechol, and 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-2,4-heptadienoate, respectively. The tod-C1C2BAD genes show significant homology to the reported nucleotide sequence for benzene dioxygenase and cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene dehydrogenase from P. putida 136R-3 (Irie, S., Doi, S., Yorifuji, T., Takagi, M., and Yano, K. (1987) J. Bacteriol. 169, 5174-5179). In addition, significant homology was observed between the nucleotide sequences for the todDE genes and the sequences reported for cis-1,2-dihydroxy-6-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene dehydrogenase and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 (Furukawa, K., Arimura, N., and Miyazaki, T. (1987) J. Bacteriol. 169, 427-429).     

arcA基因提高大肠杆菌对有机溶剂的耐受性

【目的】将来源于恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida JUCT1)的基因arc A(编码精氨酸脱亚胺酶)整合到Escherichia coli JM109(DE3)基因组中,以提高该菌对有机溶剂的耐受性。【方法】以P.putida JUCT1的基因组为模板扩增基因arc A,并与p ET-20b(+)连接后导入E.coli JM109(DE3)中,验证该基因提高E.coli JM109(DE3)对有机溶剂的耐受性。利用Red同源重组的方法将arc A整合到E.coli JM109(DE3)基因组中。【结果】E.coli JM109(DE3)/p ET-20b(+)-arc A在添加了2.0%(体积比)环己烷、0.1%(体积比)甲苯、4.0%(体积比)萘烷和0.1%(体积比)丁醇的培养基中培养8 h后,其OD660由初始的0.2分别上升到0.8、0.9、1.8和1.3。将arc A成功整合到E.coli JM109(DE3)基因组中,获得了具有较好遗传稳定性的溶剂耐受E.coli JM109(DE3)宿主菌株。【结论】外源基因arc A能提高大肠杆菌菌株的有机溶剂耐受性,为工业化应用中耐溶剂微生物菌株的构建提供了实验依据和理论基础。     

Stereoselective oxidation of sulfides by cloned naphthalene dioxygenase

Washed-cell preparations of recombinant Escherichia coli JM109(pDTG141), engineered to express the naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) gene from Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816-4, have been used to biooxidise a range of aryl alkyl-, dialkyl- and bicyclic sulfides. A series of 16 phenyl alkyl sulfides was oxidised to equivalent sulfoxides, typically with moderate to high (>90%) yield and high enantioselectivity (>85% ee), the (S)-enantiomer being the predominant product, with little if any further oxidation. The addition of some electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups to the phenyl ring decreased yield and/or stereoselectivity of the NDO-catalysed biotransformation, whereas increasing the size of the alkyl chain (nC₃H₇, iC₃H₇ and nC₄H₉) resulted in a notable inversion in selectivity to yield (R)-series sulfoxides (>74% ee) as the predominant products. The addition of one or more methylene groups between the phenyl ring and sulfur atom resulted in notable reductions in both the yield and stereoselectivity of the (S)-predominant sulfoxidations. With the exception of cyclohexyl- and n-hexyl methyl sulfide which both gave (S)-sulfoxides with good stereoselectivity and yield, other dialkyl- and bicyclic sulfides were poor substrates for sulfoxidation by NDO. Both the close agreement with data obtained using purified NDO and the absence of stereoselective sulfoxidation in equivalent controls with the E. coli JM109 host support the contribution made by the cloned NDO carried on the pDTG141 plasmid.     

Characterization of the biological conversion of naphthalene to (+)-cis-(1R,2S)-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene in direct micellar systems

The whole cell biological conversion of naphthalene to (+)-cis-(1R,2S)-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene by the E. coli JM109(pPS1778) recombinant strain carrying the naphthalene dioxygenase and regulatory genes cloned from Pseudomonas fluorescens N3 in micellar systems has been investigated using biochemical and chemico-physical techniques. Reverse and direct micellar systems have been tested. Non-ionic surfactants (Tween and Triton X series) were found not to inhibit either the growth of the bacteria and the expression of the hydroxylating dioxygenase enzyme in such systems and were utilized in order to speed up the naphthalene conversion by increasing its solubility and also its bioavailability. The phase behavior of the direct micellar system was characterized through light scattering and other chemico-physical techniques. Further addition of isopropyl-palmitate 1–2% v/v to the micellar systems resulted in an increase of the apparent substrate concentration in solution and particularly its bioavailability thus allowing faster catalytic conversions resulting in an increase in productivity for the process. Since the cis-dihydrodiols are acquiring considerable potential as chiral pool synthons in asymmetric synthesis for a variety of industrial processes, possible applications for efficient small and large-scale production of such compounds are discussed.     

Isolation and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-degrading Sphingomonas sp. strain ZL5

A bacterial strain ZL5, capable of growing on phenanthrene as a sole carbon and energy source but not naphthalene, was isolated by selective enrichment from crude-oil-contaminated soil of Liaohe Oil Field in China. The isolate was identified as a Sphingomonas sp. strain on the basis of 16S ribosomal DNA analysis. Strain ZL5 grown on phenanthrene exhibited catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) activity but no catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase activities. This suggests that the mode of cleavage of phenanthrene by strain ZL5 could be meta via the intermediate catechol, which is different from the protocatechuate way of other two bacteria, Alcaligenes faecelis AFK2 and Nocardioides sp. strain KP7, also capable of growing on phenanthrene but not naphthalene. A resident plasmid (approximately 60 kb in size), designated as pZL, was detected from strain ZL5. Curing the plasmid with mitomycin C and transferring the plasmid to E. coli revealed that pZL was responsible for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation. The C23O gene located on plasmid pZL was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli JM109(DE3). The ring-fission activity of the purified C23O from the recombinant E. coli on dihydroxylated aromatics was in order of catechol > 4-methylcatechol > 3-methylcatechol > 4-chlorocatechol > 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene > 3-chlorocatechol.     

中国九省（区）农民超重肥胖的变化趋势及人口经济因素的影响

目的：分析1991—2015年我国18~64岁成年农民超重肥胖的变化趋势,并探讨人口经济因素对其的影响。方法：利用“中国健康与营养调查”1991—2015年间9轮队列研究的基本信息、社会经济因素和体格测量数据,选择18~64岁职业为“农民、渔民或猎人（以下简称农民）”的成年人作为研究对象。采用《中国成人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南》中的体质指数（BMI）切点值判定肥胖程度。应用多因素Logistic模型分析人口经济因素对肥胖发生危险性的影响。结果：1991—2015年间,我国农民超重和肥胖率均呈逐渐上升趋势,超重率从11.42%上升至35.80%,肥胖率从1.37%上升至13.92%。多因素Logistics分析结果显示,女性超重肥胖危险性高于男性。随着年龄的增加,农民超重肥胖危险性明显增加,35~49岁、50~64岁年龄组肥胖危险性高于18~34岁年龄组。北方及中部地区农民超重肥胖危险性高于南方地区。高收入水平的农民超重肥胖危险性高于低收入水平的农民。高中及以上文化程度的农民超重肥胖危险性高于小学及以下组。结论：性别、年龄、收入水平、地理位置是农民超重肥胖的重要影响因素。建议根据分布特征,将优质资源集中到中部、北方地区,并加强对中老年人进行营养知识和健康生活方式的宣教。同时也要关注高收入地区及男性农民的超重肥胖问题。     

Bacterial metabolism of naphthalene: construction and use of recombinant bacteria to study ring cleavage of 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene and subsequent reactions.

The reactions involved in the bacterial metabolism of naphthalene to salicylate have been reinvestigated by using recombinant bacteria carrying genes cloned from plasmid NAH7. When intact cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 carrying DNA fragments encoding the first three enzymes of the pathway were incubated with naphthalene, they formed products of the dioxygenase-catalyzed ring cleavage of 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene. These products were separated by chromatography on Sephadex G-25 and were identified by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate (HCCA) and trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate (tHBPA). HCCA was detected as the first reaction product in these incubation mixtures by its characteristic UV spectrum, which slowly changed to a spectrum indicative of an equilibrium mixture of HCCA and tHBPA. Isomerization of either purified product occurred slowly and spontaneously to give an equilibrium mixture of essentially the same composition. tHBPA is also formed from HCCA by the action of an isomerase enzyme encoded by plasmid NAH7. The gene encoding this enzyme, nahD, was cloned on a 1.95-kb KpnI-BglII fragment. Extracts of Escherichia coli JM109 carrying this fragment catalyzed the rapid equilibration of HCCA and tHBPA. Metabolism of tHBPA to salicylaldehyde by hydration and aldol cleavage is catalyzed by a single enzyme encoded by a 1-kb MluI-StuI restriction fragment. A mechanism for the hydratase-aldolase-catalyzed reaction is proposed. The salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase gene, nahF, was cloned on a 2.75-kb BamHI fragment which also carries the naphthalene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase gene, nahB. On the basis of the identification of the enzymes encoded by various clones, the gene order for the nah operon was shown to be p, A, B, F, C, E, D.     

L-脯氨酸-4-羟化酶的异源表达和合成反式-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸的条件优化

L-脯氨酸-4-羟化酶(L-Proline-4-hydroxylase,P4H)是依赖α-酮戊二酸(α-KG)和Fe2+的双加氧酶成员之一,在反式-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸(trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline,t-4Hyp)等重要手性化合物的生物合成中发挥关键作用。本研究构建了来源于Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 6的P4H重组大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)/p ET-28b-p4h BJ,SDS-PAGE和酶活检测结果表明,该菌株具有表达可溶性P4H和催化合成t-4Hyp的能力。通过优化,确定了该重组菌全细胞催化合成t-4Hyp较优的反应体系和条件:10 m L p H 6.5 80 mmol/LMES缓冲液、9 mmol/L L-Pro,6 mmol/L L-抗坏血酸,6 mmol/Lα-KG,0.8 mmol/L Fe SO4·7H2O,反应温度为35℃;在20 g/L湿细胞的催化反应中,t-4Hyp的合成量达到34.86 mg/L,比优化前(17.53 mg/L)提高了98.86%。该工作为进一步利用P4H生物催化法合成t-4Hyp奠定了一定的技术基础。     

Enantioselective transesterification using lipase-displaying yeast whole-cell biocatalyst

An enantioselective transesterification in non-aqueous organic solvent was developed by utilizing a lipase-displaying yeast whole cell biocatalyst constructed in our previous study. As a model reaction, optical resolution of (RS)-1-phenylethanol, which serves as one of chiral building blocks, was carried out by enantioselective transesterification with vinyl acetate. Recombinant Rhizopus oryzae lipase displayed on the yeast cell surface retained its activity in hexane, heptane, cyclohexane and octane. The effective amount of whole-cell biocatalyst in the reaction mixture was 10 mg/ml solvent. In a reaction mixture incubated for 36 h with molecular sieves 4A, the concentration of (R)-1-phenylethyl acetate reached 39.8 mM (97.3% yield) with high enantiomeric excess (93.3%ee). In contrast, a reaction mixture incubated without molecular sieves 4A produced little (R)- and (S)-1-phenylethyl acetate. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the applicability of the lipase-displaying yeast whole cell biocatalyst to bioconversion processes in non-aqueous organic solvents.     

Direct micellar systems as a tool to improve the efficiency of aromatic substrate conversion for fine chemicals production

Whole-cell bioconversion of naphthalene to (+)-cis-(1R,2S)-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene by Escherichia coli JM109(pPS1778) recombinant strain, carrying naphthalene dioxygenase and regulatory genes cloned from Pseudomonas fluorescens N3, in direct micellar systems is optimized as an example of fine chemicals bioproduction from scarcely water-soluble substrates. The oxygen insertion into the aromatic substrate, which stops at the enantiomerically pure cis dihydroxylated product, is performed in direct microemulsion systems, where a non-ionic surfactant stabilizes naphthalene containing oil droplets in an aqueous medium. These media provide an increased substrate solubility so that a homogeneous reaction can be carried out, while not affecting bacteria viability and performances. The influence of the chemical nature of the oil is investigated. The phase behavior of the direct microemulsion system was monitored for three different oils as a function their volume fraction and characterized through light scattering. The addition of isopropyl palmitate, oleic acid, or glyceryl trioleate, 0.6-1.2% v/v to the micellar systems, led to an increase of the substrate concentration in the solution and particularly its bioavailability, allowing faster catalytic conversions. All these systems resulted in being suitable for catalytic conversions of aromatic compounds. Although the nature of the oil does have a deep effect on the phase behavior of the micellar systems, in the present investigation no differences in the yields and in the rates of product formation of the enzymatic system were observed on changing the oil, thus showing that in this case the substrate concentration or bioavailability is not the rate-limiting step.     

Oxidation of nitrotoluenes by toluene dioxygenase: evidence for a monooxygenase reaction.

Pseudomonas putida F1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain JS150 initiate toluene degradation by incorporating molecular oxygen into the aromatic nucleus to form cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene. When toluene-grown cells were incubated with 2- and 3-nitrotoluene, the major products identified were 2- and 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, respectively. The same cells oxidized 4-nitrotoluene to 2-methyl-5-nitrophenol and 3-methyl-6-nitrocatechol. Escherichia coli JM109(pDTG601), which contains the toluene dioxygenase genes from P. putida F1 under the control of the tac promoter, oxidized the isomeric nitrotoluenes to the same metabolites as those formed by P. putida F1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain JS150. These results extend the range of substrates known to be oxidized by this versatile enzyme and demonstrate for the first time that toluene dioxygenase can oxidize an aromatic methyl substituent.     

Oxidation of nitrotoluenes by toluene dioxygenase: evidence for a monooxygenase reaction.

Pseudomonas putida F1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain JS150 initiate toluene degradation by incorporating molecular oxygen into the aromatic nucleus to form cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene. When toluene-grown cells were incubated with 2- and 3-nitrotoluene, the major products identified were 2- and 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, respectively. The same cells oxidized 4-nitrotoluene to 2-methyl-5-nitrophenol and 3-methyl-6-nitrocatechol. Escherichia coli JM109(pDTG601), which contains the toluene dioxygenase genes from P. putida F1 under the control of the tac promoter, oxidized the isomeric nitrotoluenes to the same metabolites as those formed by P. putida F1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain JS150. These results extend the range of substrates known to be oxidized by this versatile enzyme and demonstrate for the first time that toluene dioxygenase can oxidize an aromatic methyl substituent.     

Trichloroethylene degradation by Escherichia coli containing the cloned Pseudomonas putida F1 toluene dioxygenase genes.

Toluene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida F1 has been implicated as an enzyme capable of degrading trichloroethylene. This has now been confirmed with Escherichia coli JM109(pDTG601) that contains the structural genes (todC1C2BA) of toluene dioxygenase under the control of the tac promoter. The extent of trichloroethylene degradation by the recombinant organism depended on the cell concentration and the concentration of trichloroethylene. A linear rate of trichloroethylene degradation was observed with the E. coli recombinant strain. In contrast, P. putida F39/D, a mutant strain of P. putida F1 that does not contain cis-toluene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, showed a much faster initial rate of trichloroethylene degradation which decreased over time.     

大肠杆菌甘油激酶基因(glpK)和甘油脱氢酶基因(gldA)的敲除及其对甘油产量的影响

利用Red重组系统构建了大肠杆菌JM109甘油激酶基因(glpK)和甘油脱氢酶基因(gldA)缺失的双突变菌株JM109B,然后将表达酿酒酵母3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因(GPD1)和3-磷酸甘油酯酶基因(HOR2)的质粒pSE-gpd1-hor2转化到JM109B突变菌株中,在含1%葡萄糖的摇瓶发酵培养基中37℃发酵24 h,甘油的最高产量为5.61 g/L,是原始菌株JM109/pSE-gpd1-hor2甘油产量的1.59倍;在30 L发酵罐中发酵28 h,甘油的最高产量为103.12 g/L,是原始菌株JM109/pSE-gpd1-hor2甘油产量的1.59倍,是原始菌株BL21/pSE-gpd1-hor2甘油产量的1.41倍,葡萄糖转化率为50.39%。     

利用温控载体构建碱性果胶酯裂解酶工程菌

从筛选出的Bacillus subtilisWSHB04-02菌株中扩增出编码碱性果胶酯裂解酶的结构基因PL,将其插入载体pET22b( )多克隆位点,得到带有前导序列PelB重组质粒pET22b( )PL。以pET22b( )PL为模板扩增出带前导序列的碱性果胶酯裂解酶的结构基因PL,将其插入温控载体pHsh,重组载体在大肠杆菌JM109中得到表达。其表达量与以T7为启动子的重组菌BL21DE3[(pET22b( )PL]相比,表达量相近。SDS-PAGE分析显示表达产物的分子量均为43kDa,同核酸序列测定所推导的值相符。研究表明利用pHsh构建的JM109(pHsh PL)诱导表达好,诱导方式简单廉价,这对该酶的大规模发酵具有重要意义。