黄土高原丘陵沟壑区抗侵蚀植物叶表皮的生态适应性

采用叶表皮临时装片法研究了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同土壤侵蚀环境沟间地、沟谷地和沟间人工刺槐林地6种抗侵蚀植物叶表皮组成细胞的形态特征.结果表明: 沟间地抗侵蚀植物叶的上表皮气孔开度、气孔密度、气孔指数、气孔器长宽比可塑性、气孔器面积可塑性、表皮毛〖JP2〗密度和表皮细胞密度分别比沟谷地提高93.8%、66.8%、17.9%、36.4%、42.3%、199.4%和46.5%,下表皮分别提高90.4%、76.6%、9.8%、47.1%、43.9%、98.2%和50.1%;沟间人工刺槐林地叶上表皮各形态指标分别比沟谷地提高66.7%、20.5%、11.9%、37.9%、19.8%、113.1%和10.8%,叶下表皮分别提高106.7%、45.8%、11.9%、41.3%、21.2%、52.2%和28.1%.沟间地植物叶上、下叶表皮毛长度分别比沟谷地缩短58.8%和29.7%,表皮细胞面积分别比沟谷地减少40.3%和37.0%.沟间人工刺槐林地叶上、下表皮毛长度分别比沟谷地缩短25.0%和23.6%,表皮细胞面积分别比沟谷地减少22.2%和19.2%.抗侵蚀植物通过增加叶表皮气孔开度、气孔密度、气孔指数、气孔器长宽比可塑性、气孔器面积可塑性、表皮毛密度、表皮细胞密度和减少表皮毛长度、表皮细胞面积来适应较强的土壤侵蚀环境.     

青藏高原不同海拔高度下全缘叶绿绒蒿叶表皮特征研究

采用胶带粘取叶表皮法,利用光学显微镜观测不同海拔高度下全缘叶绿绒蒿叶片的表皮毛、气孔及表皮细胞结构特征,探讨全缘叶绿绒蒿叶表皮特征与海拔高度的关系。结果表明,随着海拔高度增加,全缘叶绿绒蒿叶片上、下表皮毛密度、气孔密度和表皮细胞密度逐渐增加;气孔器及表皮细胞的长度、宽度和面积逐渐减小;表皮细胞的形态随着海拔升高由无规则形向多边形变化,垂周壁由波状向弓形或平直变化。全缘叶绿绒蒿叶表皮结构在不同海拔高度下表现出的差异,可能是植物长期在高原生态环境下的综合反应,以结构上的变化来适应对高海拔地区的环境特点,为进一步研究高海拔地区植物的适应性提供一定依据。     

Correlation but no causation between leaf nitrogen and maximum assimilation: the role of drought and reproduction in gas exchange in an understory tropical plant Miconia ciliata (Melastomataceae)

Alternative hypotheses were tested to explain a previously reported anomaly in the response of leaf photosynthetic capacity at light saturation (A(max)) in Miconia ciliata to dry-season irrigation. The anomaly is characterized by an abrupt increase in leaf A(max) for nonirrigated plants at the onset of the rainy season to values that significantly exceeded corresponding measurements for plants that were irrigated during the previous dry season. Hypothesis 1 posits that a pulse in leaf nitrogen increases CO(2) assimilation in nonirrigated plants at the onset of the wet season and is dampened for irrigated plants; this hypothesis was rejected because, although a wet-season nitrogen pulse did occur, it was identical for both irrigated and nonirrigated plants and was preceded by the increase in assimilation by nonirrigated plants. Hypothesis 2 posits that a reproduction-related, compensatory photosynthetic response occurs in nonirrigated plants following the onset of the wet season and is dampened in irrigated plants; consistent with hypothesis 2, high maximum assimilation rates for control plants in the wet season were significantly correlated with fruiting and flowering, whereas irrigation caused flowering and fruiting in the dry season, spreading M. ciliata reproductive activity in irrigated plants across the entire year.     

罗汉松雌雄株叶形态结构的比较研究

该研究以雌雄异株植物罗汉松(Podocarpus macrophyllus)成熟叶为研究材料,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察比较罗汉松雌、雄植株叶在形态、显微结构和超显微结构的差异,以明确罗汉松雌、雄株在进化过程中叶对环境功能的适应性。结果显示:(1)罗汉松雌株的叶片大于雄株,且两者的叶长、叶宽和叶柄长差异极显著,而叶柄厚、叶面积、叶体积、叶质量、比叶重(SLW)、面积与体积之比(A/V)等性状无显著差异。(2)雌株叶片的气孔相对较大,密度较高,且雌株气孔宽度极显著大于雄株;雌株叶片的上表皮长细胞宽度和下表皮短细胞宽度均显著大于雄株,但雌株叶片的上表皮长细胞和短细胞的长度则显著小于雄株。(3)罗汉松雌株叶片的栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、传输组织长度和宽度、上下角质层厚度、维管束厚度、叶片紧密度(CTR)及疏松度(SR)均极显著大于雄株,而雌株的下表皮厚度极显著小于雄株,但雌雄株叶片的上表皮细胞厚度和栅海比差异不显著;雌株叶片的栅栏组织细胞、叶绿体和线粒体均较雄株的长而细,且雌株的线粒体宽度极显著小于雄株。(4)罗汉松雌株叶片上表皮蜡质饰纹、下表皮角质层纹饰、气孔外拱盖纹饰及内缘类型等4个微形态特征与雄株差异明显。(5)叶表皮蜡质层能谱分析表明,罗汉松雌株叶片含有9种元素,而雄株叶片仅有8种(缺少K元素);且雌株的Si元素含量高于雄株,而雄株的C、O、Na、Mg、Al、Ca和Au元素含量均高于雌株。研究表明,罗汉松雌、雄植株之间存在明显的第二性征,雌株叶片结构有助于提高光合等性能以满足生殖需求;罗汉松雌、雄株叶形态结构的差异是其长期进化形成的有利于物种繁衍的适应策略。     

The relations of stomatal closure and reopening to xylem ABA concentration and leaf water potential during soil drying and rewatering

Two tropical tree species, Acacia confusa and Leucaena leucocephala, were used to study the relationships among stomatal conductance, xylem ABA concentration and leaf water potential during a soil drying and rewatering cycle. Stomatal conductance of both A. confusa and L. leucocephala steadily decreased with the decreases in soil water content and pre-dawn leaf water potential. Upon rewatering, soil water content and pre-dawn leaf water potential rapidly returned to the control levels, whereas the reopening of stomata showed an obvious lag time. The length of this lag time was highly dependent not only upon the degree of water stress but also on plant species. The more severe the water stress, the longer the lag time. When A. confusa and L. leucocephala plants were exposed to the same degree of water stress (around –2.0 MPa in pre-dawn leaf water potential), the stomata of A. confusa reopened to the control level 6 days after rewatering. However, it took L. leucocephala about 14 days to reopen fully. A very similar response of leaf photosynthesis to soil water deficit was also observed for both species. Soil drying resulted in a significant increase in leaf and xylem ABA concentrations in both species. The more severe the water stress, the higher the leaf and xylem ABA concentrations. Both leaf ABA and xylem ABA returned to the control level following relief from water deficit and preceded the full recovery of stomata, suggesting that the lag phase of stomatal reopening was not controlled by leaf and/or xylem ABA. In contrast to drying the whole root system, drying half of the root system did not change the leaf water relations, but caused a significant increase in xylem ABA concentration, which could fully explain the decrease of stomatal conductance. After rewatering, the stomatal conductance of plants in which half of the roots were dried recovered more rapidly than those of whole-root dried plants, indicating that the leaf water deficit that occurred during the drying period was related to the post-stress stomatal inhibition. These results indicated that the decrease in stomatal conductance caused by water deficit was closely related to the increase in xylem ABA, but xylem ABA could not fully explain the reopening of stomata after relief of water stress, neither did the leaf ABA. Some unknown physiological and/or morphological processes in the guard cells may be related to the recovery process.     

外源脯氨酸对自然干旱下白刺叶片气孔的影响

以大田环境内多年生荒漠植物白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）为研究对象,采用扫描电子显微镜对不同外源脯氨酸质量浓度处理下白刺叶片气孔进行微观结构观察并测定叶片表皮气孔器长度、宽度、面积和密度,比较同一指标在不同脯氨酸质量浓度处理下的差异。采用室外试验研究自然干旱胁迫下喷施质量浓度为50、100、150、200、250 mg·L^-1的外源脯氨酸（Proline,缩写为Pro或P）研究白刺的耐旱性。观察结果显示,白刺叶片气孔保卫细胞为肾形,气孔在叶片表皮随机分布,气孔器多为无规则型,气孔呈椭圆形且叶片表面蜡质较少,并且叶片细胞出现褶皱和下陷。与对照相比,在不同质量浓度处理和不同采样时间时,气孔长度、宽度及面积下降,气孔密度增大,随着浓度的升高以及采样时间的变化,气孔长度整体呈现下降趋势,当浓度达到200 mg·L^-1时,下降幅度增大,宽度和面积整体呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势,而气孔密度则整体呈现上升趋势,其中,气孔长度、宽度和面积在质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、采样第1天时达到最大值,气孔密度在质量浓度为150 mg·L^-1、采样第9天时达到最大值。此外,气孔长度在不同浓度脯氨酸处理下第1、6和9天存在显著差异,而气孔宽度和面积差异不显著,除第0天外,气孔密度因脯氨酸质量浓度不同均差异显著（P<0.05）。研究结果表明,自然干旱胁迫下对白刺叶片喷施不同质量浓度的外源脯氨酸,可减小气孔长度、宽度和面积,而增加气孔密度,以期为白刺抗旱提供理论依据。     

山茶属金花茶组金花茶系植物叶表皮形态学研究

在光学显微镜下观察山茶属金花茶组金花茶系25个分类群的叶表皮形态。结果表明:25个分类群的叶上表皮形态结构相似,气孔仅分布于下表皮。下表皮的细胞垂周壁式样和气孔形状在一些种间存在着明显的差异。分布于不同地貌类型的金花茶种类的气孔密度存在显著差异,分布在石灰岩山地的种类的气孔密度在整体上明显高于分布在非石灰岩山地的种类。     

Stomatal response to air humidity and its relation to stomatal density in a wide range of warm climate species

The gas exchange of 19 widely different warm climate species was observed at different leaf to air vapour pressure deficits (VPD). In all species stomata tended to close as VPD increased resulting in a decrease in net photosynthesis. The absolute reduction in leaf conductance per unit increase in VPD was greatest in those species which had a large leaf conductance at low VPDs. This would be expected even if stomata of all species were equally sensitive. However the percentage reduction in net photosynthesis (used as a measure of the relative sensitivity of stomata of the different species) was also closely related to the maximal conductance at low VPD. Similarily the relative sensitivity of stomata to changes in VPD was closely related to the weighted stomatal density or crowding index.The hypothesis is presented that stomatal closure at different VPDs is related to peristomatal evaporation coupled with a high resistance between the epidermis and the mesophyll and low resistance between the stomatal apparatus and the epidermal cells. This hypothesis is consistent with the greater relative sensitivity of stomata on leaves with a high crowding index.The results and the hypothesis are discussed in the light of selection, for optimal productivity under differing conditions of relative humidity and soil water availablility, by observation of stomatal density and distribution on the two sides of the leaf.Visiting scientist, plant physiologist and research assitant of the Cassava Program     

Chemical Fruit Thinning in Loquat with NAAm:Dosage, Timing, and Wetting Agent Effects

Effects of an increased lead (Pb) content in soil on growth, photosynthesis (P _N) and anatomical parameters of Plantago major L. plants grown under controlled conditions were studied. The total dry weights of plants at 500 and 2000 mg kg^–1 Pb in soil were correspondingly 70% and 54% of those of control plants. A reduced leaf area and changed leaf structure caused a decrease in P _N in the whole plant. The specific leaf weight (SLW) increased as compared with that of control plants. An increasing Pb content in soil caused a larger number of chloroplasts and larger sizes of protoplasts, a decrease in the chlorophyll a+b contents and a larger number of stomata per unit leaf area based both in adaxial and abaxial epidermis, as compared with control plants. However their conductance was from 40% to 50% lower than that in control plants. It was noted that the dimensions of conducting bundles decreased mainly because of the reduced xylem area. The lower functional activity and the changes at different structural levels of the photosynthetic apparatus caused a decrease in the growth rate of plants at a high Pb content in soil.     

叶子花表皮特征的研究及意义

对叶子花（Bougainvillea spectabilis）正常叶和变态叶上气孔密度、气孔指数和保卫细胞大小进行了研究。结果表明：正常叶上表皮的表皮细胞为多边形,垂周壁平直;下表皮的表皮细胞为不规则型,垂周壁浅波状;气孔类型为不规则型。变态叶上表皮没有发现气孔,变态叶下表皮的表皮细胞垂周壁则由浅波形逐渐变为深波形,气孔类型为不规则型和轮列型。随着变态叶的发育,变态叶下表皮的气孔密度降低,气孔指数升高;变态叶保卫细胞的长增大,宽减小。变态叶的平均气孔密度和平均气孔指数明显低于正常叶。正常叶和变态叶的保卫细胞均呈肾形。     

Responses of four succession tree species in low subtropics to enhanced UV-B radiation in the field

The tested tree species included pioneer species Acacia mangium, early succession stage species Schima superba, mesophyte intermediate-succession species Machilus chinensis, and shade-tolerant plant or late-succession species Cryptocarya concinna which occur in the lower subtropical forest community. A comparison with the current ambient level of UV-B radiation (UV-B) showed the leaf net photosynthetic rate (P _N), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (g _s) of the four species ranged from significantly decreased to no significant change. Additionally, the thickness of palisade and mesophyll in leaves of four tree species were decreased sharply by enhanced UV-B. The thickness of spongy parenchyma in leaves was also decreased except for M. chinensis. UV-B increased the leaf width of A. mangium but its leaf length, leaf thickness, and dry mass per unit area were not affected. Significantly increased stomata width was observed in A. mangium leaf epidermis in response to UV-B. Significantly decreased stomata width and significantly increased stomata density of leaf abaxial epidermis in M. chinensis were also observed. The stomata density of abaxial epidermis of C. concinna was remarkably increased by enhanced UV-B. The height and branch biomass of A. mangium and the height of S. superba were reduced visibly by enhanced UV-B. The four plant species could be classified into three groups of UV-B sensitiveness by hierarchical cluster analysis. A. mangium was sensitive to enhanced UV-B, while C. concinna showed more tolerance.     

中国兜兰属23种植物叶表皮微形态特征初步研究

利用光学显微镜对兜兰属（Paphiopedilum）23种植物叶片进行观察,并对其中14种叶表皮微形态性状测量数值进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果显示：23种植物叶表皮均有较厚角质层,上表皮细胞多为多边形和卵圆形,无气孔分布,部分种叶上表皮细胞有表皮毛,表皮细胞表面会形成乳突状突起,并且一个细胞只形成一个乳突,多数种的叶表面会呈现明显或不明显的龟背隆起,细胞大小及细胞密度在不同种之间存在极大差异;气孔器广泛分布于下表皮,由保卫细胞构成,排列无规则,外壁呈不同程度加厚。主成分分析表明,特征值大于1的主成分共有4个,基于4个主成分进行聚类,结果可将兜兰属分为两大类,即宽瓣亚属（Brachypetalum）和兜兰亚属（Paphiopedilum）,小萼亚属（Parvisepalum）被聚类于宽瓣亚属中。本研究表明兜兰属种间部分叶表皮形态特征具有一定的稳定性,叶片表皮细胞的形状与垂周壁式样变异不大;受环境气候的影响,气孔器大小及气孔密度在不同种间的分布不同,表现出种间多样性,因此这部分叶表皮微形态特征可作为其分类的参考依据。     

Morpho-anatomical responses ofTrigonella foenum graecum Linn. to induced cadmium and lead stress

Effect of different concentrations of cadmium (0, 5,15, 30, 50 μg/g of soil) and lead (0,25, 50,100,200 μg/g of soil) on morphological and anatomical features ofTrigonella foenum graecum Linn, was studied at pre-flowering, flowering and post flowering stages. Morphological attributes, like number of leaves per plant, total leaf area of the plant and single leaf area, dry mass of stem, root and leaf, length of shoot, root and plant, size of stomata and stomatal pore, and the density of stomata on both epidermises were significantly reduced under metal stress at all the developmental stages. Trichome length on both epidermises increased while their density decreased under metal stress. Under cadmium stress, proportion of pith and vasculature decreased but cortex increased in the stem. Under lead stress, proportion of pith and vasculature increased but cortex decreased in the stem. In the root, proportion of vasculature and pith increased and cortex decreased in response to both cadmium and lead stresses. Dimensions of vessel element and xylem fibre in the wood of stem and root decreased under the cadmium and lead stresses. Decrease in density of vessel element in the stem and root with advancement of age was more pronounced in plants grown under cadmium and lead stresses.     

基于叶片解剖性状探究29种植物对热带珊瑚岛的适应策略

为探究植物对热带珊瑚岛高温、强光照、干旱、盐碱等极端环境的适应策略，分别以生长于海南文昌苗圃和移栽至热带珊瑚岛的29种植物为研究对象，对其叶片性状进行测定和比较分析。结果表明，与海南文昌的同种植物相比，热带珊瑚岛的草本植物除干物质含量增加外其他性状均无显著改变；而木本植物的比叶面积显著下降，叶片厚度和叶片干物质含量显著增加，海绵组织更厚且栅栏组织排列更紧密，但气孔长度、气孔密度及气孔面积指数无显著差异。岛上木本植株采取慢速投资-收益的资源获取策略，将更多的资源投入到叶片构建中从而增强逆境下的适应性，并且通过非气孔调节的方式提高光合与储水的潜力以抵御胁迫。栽植于热带珊瑚岛的29种植物能够采用更保守的资源利用策略，较好地适应干旱、强光照等胁迫环境，可用于热带珊瑚岛植被构建。     

海岸草本植物细根、叶片功能性状及其与土壤因子的关系

植物根、叶是对环境敏感性最高的器官,探究根叶功能性状之间的相互关系以及对环境因子的响应,有助于揭示植物对资源的利用状况及其对环境的适生策略。为探讨沿海植物的适应策略,该文以平潭岛砂质海岸草本植物为研究对象,由海及陆设置了3个距离梯度,选取6个叶功能性状和5个细根功能性状指标,分析海岸植物叶片与细根功能性状及其对土壤因子的响应。结果表明:(1)根、叶功能性状变异系数幅度在潮间带最小,在距高海潮线30～60 m的梯度上最大。单叶面积、叶磷含量、根平均直径、根组织密度、根磷含量随着由海到陆的距离增加呈上升趋势; 叶干物质含量、叶组织密度、比根长、比根面积呈下降趋势。(2)植物通过性状组合,在生长与防御间进行资源分配的权衡,表现在叶性状间、根性状间以及根-叶性状间具不同程度的相关性。其中,在地上-地下对应性状中,叶厚与根平均直径、叶磷含量与根磷含量呈极显著正相关; 而比叶面积与比根面积、比根长,叶组织密度与根组织密度均未表现出显著的相关性。(3)土壤因子对海岸植物功能性状变化的解释度为52.05%,其中土壤含盐量的影响最大,其次是土壤含水量、电导率、pH值。总体而言,在恶劣的海岸环境下,由海向陆土壤含盐量、电导率、含水量及pH值逐渐下降,整体为低磷高盐碱,植物表现为不同的生存策略:距海近的植物采取“叶片资源保守型、根系资源获取型”策略; 距海远的植物则采取“叶片资源获取型、根系资源保守型”。该研究结果为了解海岸草本植物对环境梯度变化的响应机制和适应性提供了一定参考价值,同时也利于通过分析土壤等环境特性按梯度筛选栽种适宜的物种,促进海岸植物的恢复和保护。     

不同水分处理下喀斯特土层厚度异质性对两种草本叶片解剖结构和光合特性的影响

为了探究不同水分处理下草本植物对喀斯特土层厚度变化的叶片形态建成和光合生理响应,以黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)和苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)为研究对象,通过盆栽水分受控试验,研究了3种水分处理[正常供水(W_(ck)),减水1组(D1)和减水2组(D2)]下3种土层厚度[浅土组(S_S)、对照组(S_(CK))和深土组(S_D)]对两种草本叶片解剖结构和光合特性的影响。结果表明:(1)正常供水下(W_(ck)),黑麦草和苇状羊茅在浅土组(S_S)的气孔密度和气孔限制值(Ls)均显著高于对照组(S_(CK)),净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)降低;在深土组(S_D),两种植物的气孔密度都有所下降,黑麦草的叶脉密度、Pn和Tr均低于对照组,而苇状羊茅的叶脉密度和Pn表现出增加;(2)D1水分条件下,黑麦草在浅土组的气孔密度较对照组增加,叶脉密度、Pn和Tr均降低,而苇状羊茅的气孔密度有所降低,叶脉密度、Pn和Tr未受到显著影响;在深土组中,黑麦草的气孔密度不变,叶脉密度增加,而Pn和Tr均降低;苇状羊茅的气孔密度降低,但叶脉密度、Pn和Tr均升高;(3)D2水分条件下,两种植物在浅土组的叶脉密度较对照组均增加,气孔密度、Pn和Tr均受到抑制;在深土组,黑麦草的远轴面气孔密度较对照组下降,两种植物的其他指标未受到明显影响。可见,在不同水分条件下,植物的叶片解剖结构和光合特性对不同土层厚度的响应不一,且不同物种间也有差异。总体上随着水分减少,土层厚度降低对植物的光合抑制作用增强,而厚度增加对深根植物的光合促进作用和对浅根植物的光合抑制作用先增强后减弱。植物气孔和叶脉性状特征随水分条件的变化在一定程度上与叶面积和叶片宽度的变化有关。     

新疆2种盐生补血草营养器官的解剖学研究

采用叶片离析法和石蜡切片法,对生长在新疆盐渍环境中的大叶补血草[Limonium gmelinii(Willd.) Kuntze]和耳叶补血草[Limoniumotolepis(Schrenk) Kuntze]的营养器官解剖学特征进行了观察研究.结果显示,2种补血草属典型泌盐植物,茎和叶片表皮上分布有多细胞组成的盐腺;叶表皮细胞排列紧密,其外切向壁增厚,表皮外还被有厚的角质层;上下表皮都有气孔,气孔与表皮细胞平齐,为不等型气孔;其中大叶补血草为异面叶,而耳叶补血草为等面叶.2种补血草茎中都散生有多轮维管束;大叶补血草根中还有大量通气组织等.研究结果表明,2种补血草的解剖结构表现出与其生境相适应的特征.     

云南腾冲新近纪两种被子植物化石的角质层构造及其古环境意义

重点描述云南腾冲晚第三纪两种被子植物化石Betula mioluminifera Hu et Chaney,Carpinus subcordata Nathorst的角质层构造,并分析它们的现存最近亲缘种B.luminifera Winkler和C.cordata B1.var.mollis Cheng et Chen的表皮特征。实验分析证明：化石叶片的气孔参数可以推测地质历史时期大气CO2的浓度,并进而分析古环境的变化。C．subcordata Nathorst叶片能作为大气CO2浓度的生物指标。     

近一世纪黄土高原区植物气孔密度变化规律

以黄土高原地区 4种典型 C3植物辽东栎 (Quercus liaotungensis)、虎榛子 (Ostryopsis davidiana)、酸枣 (Zizyphus jujubavar.spinosa)和狼牙刺 (Sophora viciifolia)植物腊叶样品标本为材料 ,利用数码图像显微镜处理系统 ,研究了从 2 0世纪 30年代至 2 0 0 2年中不同年代植物气孔密度的变化情况。结果表明 ,在近百年中 ,4种植物气孔密度随环境变化的演变规律不同 ,辽东栎气孔密度升高率为 1.31% ,几乎没有变化 ,虎榛子气孔密度降低率为 9.79% ,下降也不十分明显 ,而酸枣和狼牙刺的气孔密度降低率分别为 32 .35 %、4 6 .85 % ,下降非常明显。 4种植物气孔密度变化率比较 :狼牙刺 >酸枣 >虎榛子 >辽东栎。说明不同植物对气候环境因子的敏感性不同 ,具有不同的适应环境变化的策略 ,环境变化对气孔密度的影响 ,其效应因植物种类而异     

麦冬、土麦冬和阔叶土麦冬叶表皮形态结构的观察

用光镜和扫描电镜观察了麦冬（Ophiopogon japonicus（L．f）Ker—Gawl.]、土麦冬（Liriope spicata Lour．）和阔叶土麦冬（L．platyphylla Wanget Tang）叶表皮显微结构、亚显微结构和角质层内表面的形态结构。结果表明,气孔主要分布于麦冬、土麦冬和阔叶土麦冬叶片的下表皮,气孔密度分别为76．4、114．3和99．8个·mm^-2;仅阔叶土麦冬叶片上表皮有少量气孔分布。3种植物的气孔器均不具有副卫细胞,并在叶脉间形成纵向气孔带。表皮细胞长方形,气孔带与非气孔带处表皮细胞的形态和大小差异较明显。麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁具明显瘤状突起,导致气孔下陷;土麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁呈波浪状突起,使气孔相对下陷;阔叶土麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁基本无突起,气孔不下陷。3种植物的叶表皮均有发达的角质层和丰富的蜡质,且蜡质主要分布于下表皮气孔带处。这些结构特征可能与它们所具有的喜阳、耐阴和耐旱等特性有一定的相关性。