群体感应抑制活性海洋细菌的筛选与鉴定

从黄海青岛海域海洋污泥中分离纯化微生物菌株,然后采用紫色色杆菌(Chromobacterium violaceum) 为指示菌株,检测其代谢产物的群体感应(Quorum sensing) 抑制活性,并对具有抑制功能的细菌菌株进行16S rDNA分子鉴定及生理生化特征分析.结果表明,1株蜡样芽孢杆菌和1株水莱茵海默氏菌具有较强的细菌群体感应抑制活性,分别命名为Bacillus cereus QSI01和Rheinheimera aquimaris QSI02.从海洋环境中筛选的具有细菌群体感应抑制活性的菌株,为以致病菌群体感应系统为靶点的新型药物的研发提供了菌种资源.     

具有群体感应抑制活性海洋放线菌的筛选与鉴定

目的:从海洋放线菌中筛选得到具有群体感应抑制活性菌株,并对其进行鉴定。方法:利用紫色杆菌CV026指示菌株对放线菌发酵粗提物进行活性筛选。其次通过16Sr DNA序列比对进行菌种鉴定。结果:其发酵提取物经紫色杆菌CV026模型筛选后,发现放线菌J501提取物具有群体感应抑制活性,且在有效浓度时对细菌的生长没有影响。16Sr DNA分析表明J501属于Streptomyces属。结论:海洋放线菌中有具有抑制细菌群体感应效应的菌株,是天然群体感应抑制剂的潜在来源。     

具细菌群体感应抑制活性海洋细菌的筛选鉴定

目的:从海洋环境中筛选对细菌群体感应有抑制作用的活性菌株,为以致病菌群体感应系统为靶点的新型疗法提供新的药用资源。方法:从海水中分离纯化细菌菌株,采用根癌农杆菌平板筛选模型筛选细菌群体感应抑制活性细菌,对筛选出的海洋细菌进行生理生化和16S rDNA序列测定,根据《伯杰氏手册》进行菌种分类鉴定。结果:从217株海洋细菌中筛选出1株能显著抑制细菌群体感应效应的海洋细菌Y2,该海洋细菌具有蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)的典型特征,其16S rDNA序列与GenBank中蜡样芽孢杆菌16S rDNA的部分序列有100%的同源性。结论:海洋环境中也存在具有抑制细菌群体感应活性的微生物。     

具有细菌群体感应抑制活性海洋来源真菌的筛选鉴定

许多致病菌的致病机制依赖于群体感应系统的调控,经实验证明群体感应系统突变或缺失的菌株致病能力显著下降,筛选高效的群体感应抑制剂有望成为解决细菌感染以及细菌耐药性问题的一个有效途径。从海洋软体动物体内分离海洋真菌69株,发酵液粗提物经QSIS2 (Quorum Sensing Inhibitor Selector 2) 筛选模型和紫色杆菌CV026指示菌株筛选后得到编号QY013的粗提物具有群体感应抑制活性,进一步实验表明该粗提物能够显著降低铜绿假单胞菌群体感应调控的毒力因子绿脓菌素的产量,以及紫色杆菌群体感应调控的紫色菌素的产量,且在有效浓度范围内对细菌生长不产生影响。形态学特征和18S rDNA序列分析表明菌株QY013为Penicillium属。文中筛选到一株具有细菌群体感应抑制活性的海洋来源真菌,其发酵液粗提物中的有效活性成分可用于新型抗菌药物的研究。     

石磺海牛共附生细菌的分离和活性菌株筛选

【目的】研究深圳大鹏半岛海域石磺海牛中可培养的共附生细菌的数量和种类,并对分离获得菌株的代谢产物进行活性筛选。【方法】通过R2A平板培养、分离纯化和16SrRNA测序,分析鉴定石磺海牛中5个部位可培养细菌;使用分离菌株的菌液及发酵液上清,测定对群体感应信号分子降解的活性和抗生物膜活性。【结果】从石磺海牛中共分离到215株细菌,归属于87个种,54个属,有16株菌疑似为新菌。分离获得的菌株分布于变形菌门(Proteobacteria,126株),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,44株),厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,34株),放线菌门(Actinobacteria,10株)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes,1株)。石磺海牛卵中的细菌数量和种类最为多样。从分离的菌株中筛选出28株菌能够降解群体感应信号分子,8株菌具有抗生物膜活性。【结论】首次报道了海洋无脊椎动物石磺海牛中具有丰富多样的可培养细菌,包含潜在的新微生物和天然产物资源,为今后研究石磺海牛共附生微生物提供了研究基础和参考。     

海洋弧菌(Vibrio sp.)LA-05发酵液粗提物的群体感应抑制活性及其发酵条件优化

【背景】海洋微生物代谢产物被认为是发掘新型天然活性物质的潜在来源,其中不可避免地包含新型群体感应抑制剂(quorum sensing inhibitors, QSIs)。响应面法是运用多元二次回归模型拟合各因素和响应值之间的函数关系,对各因素及其交互作用进行评价,可有效地从影响代谢产物发酵条件的各因素中预测出最佳条件。【目的】以紫色杆菌(Chromobacterium violaceum)ATCC 12472^T为指示菌株,研究海洋弧菌(Vibrio sp.)LA-05发酵液粗提物的群体感应抑制活性。在单因素试验基础上,应用响应面法对菌株发酵条件进行优化,以提高其发酵代谢产物中活性物质的产量。【方法】使用琼脂平板扩散法进行初筛后,通过分析发酵液粗提物对紫色杆菌生长曲线及紫色素产量的影响研究其群体感应抑制活性。在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计原则,以紫色素抑制率为响应值,通过响应面试验优化菌株发酵条件,从而提高其发酵液中活性物质的产量。【结果】在基本不影响紫色杆菌正常生长的浓度范围内,粗提物可不同程度地抑制紫色素的产生。模型预测结果表明,最优发酵条件...     

土壤中群体感应淬灭细菌的原位分离与筛选

【背景】许多革兰氏阴性细菌通常以N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-acylhomoserine lactones,AHLs)作为群体感应主要的信号分子。【目的】从土壤中筛选和鉴定新型群体感应淬灭细菌。【方法】通过"垫圈法"从土壤中原位培养分离细菌,采用琼脂条法、报告菌平板法及β-半乳糖苷酶活性测定筛选群体感应淬灭细菌,根据16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析确定菌株系统发育地位。【结果】从不同地区土样中原位培养共分离获得细菌502株。以根癌土壤杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4 (pZLR4)作为报告菌,最终得到11株具有较强降解AHLs能力的细菌,包括假单胞菌5株、不动杆菌4株、变形杆菌和莱茵海默氏菌各1株。大部分细菌可完全降解N-3-羰基十二酰基高丝氨酸内酯(3OC12-HSL),部分细菌对N-(3-氧代己酰)高丝氨酸内酯(3OC6-HSL)和N-3-氧代辛酰高丝氨酸内酯(3OC8-HSL)具有一定降解活性。【结论】Proteus和Rheinheimera可降解AHLs,为今后防治依赖群体感应的植物细菌病害提供新型生防资源。     

一株海洋真菌Penicillium sp.QF046的细菌群体感应抑制剂的分离和鉴定

目的:从海洋真菌中筛选得到新型群体感应抑制剂,并对其进行活性评价。方法:首先利用紫色杆菌CV026指示菌株对真菌发酵粗提物进行活性筛选。其次通过18S r DNA序列比对进行菌种鉴定,同时采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱和高效液相色谱等技术并结合活性追踪检测分离纯化的活性化合物,再通过核磁质谱分析确定其结构。最后利用定量测定方法检测其在亚抑菌浓度下对紫色杆菌紫色菌素产量影响以及RT-PCR检测与QS调控相关基因的m RNA表达的影响。结果:从海藻共生菌中筛选到一株具有紫色杆菌群体感应抑制活性的海洋真菌Penicillium sp.QF046,其次级代谢产物中纯化到的活性化合物根据结构鉴定为一种星形曲霉毒素(asteltoxin)。该化合物对于紫色杆菌群体感应抑制浓度低于阳性对照化合物呋喃酮C30,同时抑制了群体感应相关基因m RNA水平的表达。结论:从海洋真菌Penicillium sp.QF046代谢产物中发现了一种抑制紫色杆菌群体感应的星形曲霉毒素,为进一步通过结构改造研发新型抗菌药物提供良好的前体化合物。     

细菌群体感应抑制活性微生物Zou 03的筛选与鉴定

从近海区生态环境中分离纯化98株海洋菌株,以根癌农杆菌WCF47为敏感检测菌株,筛选出1株具细菌群体感应抑制活性的菌株Zou03,对其进行形态、生理生化特征鉴定和16S rDNA分子鉴定。结果显示,Zou03具枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)的典型特征,其16S rDNA序列通过对比分析,与GenBank中枯草芽胞杆菌16SrDNA的部分序列同源性为100%。综合形态、生化特征及16S rDNA序列对比分分析,鉴定菌株Zou03为枯草芽胞杆菌。表明近海区生态环境中存在具有抑制细菌群体感应活性的微生物,有利于海洋微生物资源开发,为以致病菌群体感应系统为靶点的新型疗法提供新技术。     

一株抗水稻纹枯病菌的解淀粉芽胞杆菌分离与鉴定

【目的】筛选对水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)具有强拮抗作用的细菌菌株。【方法】用指示菌法筛选拮抗菌株;通过形态观察、生理生化实验、Biolog及16S rDNA序列分析鉴定目标菌株;利用平板双向培养法和滤纸片扩散法测定抑菌谱及拮抗性质。【结果】分离到一株高活力的水稻纹枯病菌拮抗菌株YB-3,该菌株属于解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens);菌株YB-3对常见的14株病原真菌和7株细菌具有较强的拮抗作用,并发现其对亲缘关系较近的芽孢菌属有较强的拮抗作用;该菌株的抑制活性具有温度稳定、耐酸、但对蛋白酶敏感的特点。【结论】通过指示菌法筛选到一株对水稻纹枯病菌有强拮抗作用的解淀粉芽胞杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens)YB-3,它具有广谱、高效的植物病原菌拮抗活性。     

群体感应抑制剂对海洋生态功能菌生物膜形成的影响

[目的]研究天然群体感应抑制剂(Quorum sensing inhibitors,QSI)分子对海洋生态功能菌生物膜形成的影响.[方法]以对污损生物幼虫附着具有诱导作用的海洋细菌为目标菌,通过在其生物膜的形成过程中添加天然群体感应抑制剂,研究其对目标菌成膜细菌数和浮游细菌数、生物膜形态以及生物膜表面胞外多糖含量的影响.[结果]呋喃酮和吡啶在50 mg/L时,对8株目标菌的成膜有显著的抑制作用,抑制率在80％左右,吲哚、青霉烷酸和香豆素在较高浓度800 mg/L才有比较好的抑制活性.生长抑制实验结果显示,同等浓度下,QSI分子对目标菌成膜的抑制活性明显高于其对浮游细菌生长的抑制活性.结果表明,QSI分子主要通过干扰目标菌群体感应系统以抑制生物膜的形成.[结论]研究证实QSI分子在海洋菌生物膜形成过程中具有一定的调控作用.通过添加QSI可能能够间接抑制由生物膜诱导的污损生物附着,从而以新的角度研制新型抗污损物质.     

青岛近海沉积物生物被膜中密度感应及密度感应淬灭细菌多样性

【背景】细菌密度感应(Quorum sensing,QS)是指细菌利用分泌的信号分子进行相互交流的现象,而密度感应淬灭(Quorumquenching,QQ)是指通过干扰信号分子的产生、释放、积累或应答从而阻抑密度感应通路。【目的】探究青岛近海沉积物生物被膜中密度感应和密度感应淬灭细菌的多样性。【方法】采用海水培养基2216E从青岛近海沉积物生物被膜中分离获取可培养细菌,采用平板交互划线和高通量筛选的方法分别筛选具有密度感应和密度感应淬灭的菌株。【结果】共分离获得83株共54种具有密度感应和密度感应淬灭的细菌,分属于四大细菌门类:变形菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门。其中,38株(45.8%)可以产生酰基高丝氨酸内酯(Acyl-homoserine lactone,AHL)类信号分子,它们分属于变形菌门(37株,15种)和拟杆菌门(1株,1种),优势属为弧菌属和鲁杰氏菌属;能够降解AHL类信号分子的有57株(68.7%),在变形菌门(41株,23种)、拟杆菌门(14株,10种)、厚壁菌门(5株,5种)以及放线菌门(1株,1种)中均有分布。【结论】在青岛近海沉积物生物被膜可培养细菌中,具有密度感应和密度感应淬灭现象的菌株具有很高的丰度和多样性,为后续生态学意义的研究与海洋微生物的开发提供了参考。     

库木塔格沙漠土壤细菌多样性及具有群体感应抑制活性放线菌筛选

【背景】群体感应抑制剂(quorum sensing inhibitor,QSI)作为抗生素潜在替代品,可有效降低致病菌传染性和毒性。沙漠土壤蕴藏着丰富的放线菌资源,是挖掘群体感应抑制剂的重要来源。【目的】解析库木塔格沙漠土壤细菌群落多样性,筛选并挖掘群体感应抑制活性放线菌资源。【方法】采用Illumina Nova Seq高通量测序技术揭示库木塔格沙漠土壤细菌群落组成,利用可培养方法进行土壤放线菌分离和鉴定;选用紫色杆菌CV026模型筛选群体感应抑制活性放线菌,并对其功能特性进行初步评价。【结果】Illumina Nova Seq高通量测序结果显示,样品土壤细菌涉及23门96目150属,优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,61%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,28%),其中分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)为放线菌门最优势菌属(87.3%),其次为红球菌属(Rhodococcus,6.8%)和丙酸杆菌属(Cutibacterium,0.9%)。可培养方法共分离到108株放线菌,归属9科10属,其中优势菌属为链霉菌属(Streptomyces),占65....     

Gram-Positive Marine Bacteria as a Potential Resource for the Discovery of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors

Inhibitors of bacterial quorum sensing have been proposed as potentially novel therapeutics for the treatment of certain bacterial diseases. We recently reported a marine Halobacillus salinus isolate that secretes secondary metabolites capable of quenching quorum sensing phenotypes in several Gram-negative reporter strains. To investigate how widespread the production of such compounds may be in the marine bacterial environment, 332 Gram-positive isolates from diverse habitats were tested for their ability to interfere with Vibrio harveyi bioluminescence, a cell signaling-regulated phenotype. Rapid assay methods were employed where environmental isolates were propagated alongside the reporter strain. “Actives” were defined as bacteria that interfered with bioluminescence without visible cell-killing effects (antibiotic activity). A total of 49 bacterial isolates interfered with bioluminescence production in the assays. Metabolite extracts were generated from cultures of the active isolates, and 28 reproduced the bioluminescence inhibition against V. harveyi. Of those 28, five extracts additionally inhibited violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum. Chemical investigations revealed that phenethylamides and a cyclic dipeptide are two types of secondary metabolites responsible for the observed activities. The active bacterial isolates belonged primarily to either the genus Bacillus or Halobacillus. The results suggest that Gram-positive marine bacteria are worthy of further investigation for the discovery of quorum sensing antagonists.     

金黄色葡萄球菌拮抗菌株的筛选鉴定及其抗菌物质分析

【背景】植物内生菌的次生代谢产物是新型天然活性物质的重要来源。【目的】从芍药内生细菌中筛选对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌活性的菌株和次生代谢产物。【方法】采用平板对峙法筛选拮抗菌株,根据形态学特征和分子生物学的方法鉴定菌株,PCR扩增检测合成脂肽类物质的功能基因;运用牛津杯法依次测定内生细菌发酵液和脂肽类粗提物的抑菌活性,利用Sephadex LH-20凝胶层析分离脂肽类物质,利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析具有抑菌作用的分离组分。【结果】共筛选出13株对金黄色葡萄球菌具有不同程度抑制作用的内生菌株,其中菌株SY11的抑菌作用最为显著,其发酵液和脂肽类粗提物均具有较强的抑制作用。结合形态学鉴定以及16S r RNA基因序列分析,鉴定其为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillusamyloliquefaciens)。PCR扩增检测表明菌株SY11含有3个合成脂肽类物质的功能基因fenA、ituD和srfkn,推测该菌株可能具有合成脂肽类物质的能力。根据具有抑菌活性分离组分的质谱分析结果,推测其有效物质的主要成分为Bacillomycin D。【结论】解淀粉芽孢杆菌SY11对金黄色葡萄球菌有良好抑制效果,其脂肽类粗提物也具有较强的体外抑菌活性。本研究为芍药内生细菌的开发应用奠定了基础。     

Isolation and Characterization of Beneficial Bacteria Associated with Citrus Roots in Florida

Cultivable diversity of bacteria associated with citrus was investigated as part of a larger study to understand the roles of beneficial bacteria and utilize them to increase the productive capacity and sustainability of agro-ecosystems. Citrus roots from Huanglongbing (HLB) diseased symptomatic and asymptomatic citrus were used in this study. A total of 227 and 125 morphologically distinct colonies were isolated and characterized from HLB asymptomatic and symptomatic trees, respectively. We observed that the frequency of bacterial isolates possessing various plant beneficial properties was significantly higher in the asymptomatic samples. A total of 39 bacterial isolates showing a minimum of five beneficial traits related to mineral nutrition [phosphate (P) solubilization, siderophore production, nitrogen (N) fixation], development [indole acetic acid (IAA) synthesis], health [production of antibiotic and lytic enzymes (chitinase)], induction of systemic resistance [salicylic acid (SA) production], stress relief [production of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase] and production of quorum sensing [N-acyl homoserine lactones] signals were characterized. A bioassay using ethidium monoazide (EMA)-qPCR was developed to select bacteria antagonistic to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Using the modified EMA-qPCR assay, we found six bacterial isolates showing maximum similarity to Paenibacillus validus, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas putida, Microbacterium oleivorans, and Serratia plymutica could significantly reduce the population of viable Ca. L. asiaticus in HLB symptomatic leaf samples. In conclusion, we have isolated and characterized multiple beneficial bacterial strains from citrus roots which have the potential to enhance plant growth and suppress diseases.     

Biofilm formation and cell-to-cell signalling in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from a food processing environment

AIMS: To investigate the biofilm-forming capacity and the production of quorum signals in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from a food production environment, and the possible correlation between both phenotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-eight Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from equipment and working surfaces in a raw vegetable processing line, and tested for biofilm-forming capacity using an in vitro microplate assay. All isolates showed significantly higher biofilm-forming capacity than Escherichia coli laboratory strain DH5alpha, which was included as a negative control, and differed up to 56-fold in relative biofilm-forming capacity. Various assays based on reporter bacteria were used to detect quorum signals produced by the isolates. Twenty-six isolates produced autoinducer-2, five isolates produced N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), and none produced the Pseudomonas quinolone signal. CONCLUSIONS: No correlation was found between in vitro biofilm-forming capacity and production of quorum signalling molecules among the 68 strains isolated from the raw vegetable processing line. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Several recent studies have shown a role of AHL-based quorum sensing in biofilm formation of specific Gram-negative bacterial strains. The current work shows that production of AHL and other quorum signals is not widespread in Gram-negative isolates from a raw vegetable processing line, and is not a general requirement for biofilm formation, at least in vitro.     

Producing mechanism of an algicidal compound against red tide phytoplankton in a marine bacterium γ-proteobacterium

Strain MS-02-063, γ-proteobacterium, isolated from a coast area of Nagasaki, Japan, produced a red pigment which belongs to prodigiosin members. This pigment, PG-L-1, showed potent algicidal activity against various red tide phytoplanktons in a concentration-dependent manner. An understanding of a mechanism of PG-L-1 production by this marine bacterium may yield important new insights and strategies for preventing blooms of harmful flagellate algae in natural marine environments. Therefore, we analyzed the mechanisms of PG-L-1 production. In our previous study, the pigment production by this marine bacterium was completely inhibited at 1.56 μg/ml of erythromycin or 3.13 μg/ml of chloramphenicol, while minimal inhibitory concentrations for cell growth of erythromycin and chloramphenicol against this bacterium were >100 and 25 μg/ml, respectively. It is interesting to note that the ability of the pigment production in erythromycin-treated bacterium recovered by an addition of homoserine lactone. In fact, the pigment production was inhibited by β-cyclodextrin that inhibits autoinducer activities by a complex with N-acyl homoserine lactones. N-acyl homoserine lactones with autoinducer activities are ubiquitous bacterial signaling molecules that regulate gene expression in a cell density dependent process known as quorum sensing. Therefore, it was suggested that PG-L-1 produced by strain MS-02-063 is controlled by the homoserine lactone quorum sensing. It is speculated that this quorum sensing is involved in the production of algicidal agents of other marine bacteria. This bacterium and other algicidal bacteria might be concerned in regulating the blooms of harmful flagellate algae through the quorum sensing system.