高等植物中的钼

阐述了高等植物缺钼症状,分析了植物体存在的钼酥及钼辅因子的生理生化特性和生理功能及钼辅因子的可能合成途径,并提出以后的研究方向。     

高等植物含钼酶与钼营养

就高等植物中的含钼酶,钼与植物碳氮及其它元素代谢的关系,钼与激素合成及植物抗性的关系,以及植物钼营养基因型差异的研究进展作了介绍.     

植物中钼的吸收转运及钼辅因子与钼酶的研究进展

钼是植物生长发育所必需的微量元素,只有和蛋白质或者蝶呤结合形成钼辅因子才能产生生物活性。自然界存在2种钼辅因子:以铁硫簇为基础的铁钼辅因子(Fe Moco)和以钼蝶呤为基础的钼辅因子(MPT/Moco)。植物对钼的吸收有2种转运蛋白系统,一种是专一性转运蛋白,如MOTl和MOT2;另一种是共转运蛋白,如磷酸盐转运蛋白(PHT)和硫酸盐转运蛋白(SULTR)。最近研究发现一种钼酶——线粒体氨肟还原蛋白(m ARC)。本文综述了近年来植物体内钼的吸收与转运机制、钼辅因子的合成过程以及钼酶的研究进展,并提出了今后的重点研究方向。     

固氮酶钼铁蛋白铁钼辅因子的抽提研究进展

固氮酶由两种铁硫蛋白(钼铁蛋白和铁蛋白)组成。由还原剂提供电子经铁(Fe)蛋白传递给钼铁(MoFe)蛋白,在MoFe蛋白的活性中心部位进行N_2、C_2H_2等多种底物的还原[10,11,20]。MoFe蛋白中的Mo、Fe原子和酸不稳定性硫原子(S~*)组成2个M簇(FeM-oco)、3—4个P簇(P-cluster)及1—2个S(2Fe)簇。在底物还原过程中,这些原子簇都可能参与电子的传递。铁钼辅因子(FeMoco)已被认为是络合和还原底物的重要部位。因此,要阐明MoFe蛋白的作用机理就得研究FeMoco的结构和功     

高等植物中的乙酰胆碱

乙酰胆碱是动物神经传导中重要的神经递质,它在高等植物中也普遍存在,并参与调控某些生理过程。本文对植物乙酸胆碱研究的历史和现状作了介绍。     

高等植物中的山梨醇及其代谢

许多木本蔷薇科植物中均含有山梨醇。山梨醇是这些植物的主要光合产物,也是碳水化合物的订运输形式和一种可溶性的贮藏碳水化合物。其合成和分解由多种不同的酶经多种途径催化进行,其代谢调节着植物的库源转变和库源强度。     

高等植物细胞壁中的伸展蛋白

高等植物的细胞壁中有一种富含羟脯氨酸的糖蛋白,称为伸展蛋白。其核心蛋白质具有高度重复序列的结构;次级结构为ppⅡ螺旋;它们在细胞质中合成,由高尔基体分泌到细胞壁内组装。作为细胞壁的结构成份,它们的主要功能是调控壁的伸展,并可能在防御反应和形态发生的调节方面起作用。     

高等植物中的甾类激素

甾类激素（Steroid hormons）一般包括动物性激素、皮质激素和植物油菜素内酯等几类。其中油菜素内酯已在20世纪80年代对其进行了广泛而深入的研究,并确认它能够调节植物的生长发育,是植物重要的生长调节物质。动物中的甾类激素和皮质激素在动物的生长、发育和生殖等方面起着重要作用。早在20世纪30年代,虽然人们就已发现了甾类激素在植物中的存在,但对于它们在高等植物体中功能的研究,一直进展缓慢。近十多年来,随着检测技术的迅猛发展,才使得这一领域的研究取得了长足进展。最初巴特兰德（Butenandt）和杰克比（Jacobi）1933年…     

含钼酶和钼在其中的作用

本文对生物体内仅有的几种含钼酶的一些基本特性以及钼在这些含钼酶中的功能进行了介绍和评述。     

Higher plants express 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate synthase

Abstract. The enzymatic activity of 3-deoxy- D-manno -octulosonate 8-phosphate (KDOP) synthase was detected in eight diverse plant species, thus providing enzymological data consistent with recent reports of the presence of 3-deoxy- D-manno -octulosonate in plant cell walls. KDOP synthase from spinach was partially purified and characterized. It possessed weak activity as 3-deoxy- D-arabino -heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase. In the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate, which conferred dramatic thermostability, KDOP synthase had a catalytic temperature optimum of about 53°C. The pH optimum was 6.2, and divalent cations were neither stimulatory nor required for activity. The Km values for arabinose 5-P and phosphoenolpyruvate were 0.27 mol m⁻³ and about 35 mmol m⁻³, respectively. The kinetics of periodate oxidation of KDOP formed by spinach KDOP synthase indicate that the same stereochemical configuration exists as with bacterial KDOP. The possibility that an unregulated species of DAHP synthase found in some bacteria might in fact be a KDOP synthase exhibiting substrate ambiguity of the type seen in higher plants was examined. However, the DAHP synthase isozyme, DS-O, from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was found to be specific for erythrose 4-P. The KDOP synthase of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was also found to be specific for arabinose 5-P.     

Higher plants use LOV to perceive blue light

Higher plants use several classes of blue light receptors to modulate a wide variety of physiological responses. Among them, both the phototropins and members of the Zeitlupe (ZTL) family use light oxygen voltage (LOV) photosensory domains. In Arabidopsis, these families comprise phot1, phot2 and ZTL, LOV Kelch Protein 2 (LKP2), and Flavin-binding Kelch F-box1 (FKF1). It has now been convincingly shown that blue-light-induced autophosphorylation of the phot1 kinase domain is an essential step in signal transduction. Recent experiments also shed light on the partially distinct photosensory specificities of phot1 and phot2. Phototropin signaling branches rapidly following photoreceptor activation to mediate distinct responses such as chloroplast movements or phototropism. Light activation of the LOV domain in ZTL family members modulates their capacity to interact with GIGANTEA (GI) and their ubiquitin E3 ligase activity. A complex between GI and FKF1 is required to trigger the degradation of a repressor of CO (CONSTANS) expression and thus modulates flowering time. In contrast, light-regulated complex formation between ZTL and GI appears to limit the capacity of ZTL to degrade its targets, which are part of the circadian oscillator.     

The biological and toxicological importance of molybdenum in the environment and in the nutrition of plants, animals and man. Part 1: Molybdenum in plants

In 1930, Bortels showed that molybdenum is necessary for nitrogen fixation in Acetobacter, and in 1939 Arnon and Stout reported that molybdenum is essential for life in higher plants. Nitrogenase is the nitrogen-fixing enzyme complex, while nitrate reductase requires molybdenum for its activity. Molybdenum occurs in the earth crust with an abundance of 1.0-1.4 mg/kg. The molybdenum content of the vegetation is determined by the amount of this element in the soil and its pH-value. The weathering soils of granite, porphyry, gneiss and Rotliegendes produce a molybdenum-rich vegetation. Significantly poorer in Mo is the vegetation on loess, diluvial sands, alluvial riverside soils and especially on Keuper and Muschelkalk weathering soils, which produce legumes and, e.g. cauliflower with molybdenum deficiency symptoms. The molybdenum content of the flora decreases with increasing age. Legumes store the highest molybdenum levels in the bulbs of their roots; on average, they accumulate more molybdenum than herbs and grasses do. The danger of molybdenum toxicity in plants is small.