Metastatic Urethral Melanoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Melanoma is a cancer that originates from melanocytes, is predominant in adults with white skin, represents 4% of skin cancers, and has high possibility of forming metastasis. This review reports on the case of a young man, age 36 years, previously diagnosed with melanoma. The patient complained of obstructive urinary symptoms and, while he was undergoing a cystoscopy, it was discovered that he had a lesion corresponding with metastatic melanoma of the prostatic urethra, which occluded almost the entire urethra and resulted in blocked urinary flow. He underwent a transurethral resection of the prostate, followed by resection of the lesion. After the procedure, he had good urinary flow and is currently on follow-up.Key words: Melanoma, Urethra, Urinary obstruction, Metastasis, Urethral melanomaPrimary malignant melanoma of the urethra is rare, representing < 1% of all melanomas^1,2; it is often misdiagnosed, which leads to delays in treatment.² The lethality is high, but its incidence is low. Prognosis is considered good if it is detected in its early stages.¹ In recent years, there have been great improvements in patient survival rates. In developed countries, the average estimated 5-year survival is 73%, whereas in developing countries, the average survival is 56%. The estimated world average is 69%.¹ Risk factors in order of importance are sensitivity to the sun, light skin, excessive sun exposure, history of skin cancer, family history of melanoma, congenital nevi, maturity, xeroderma pigmentosum, and dysplastic nevi.¹Individual management according to the clinical presentation is based on extrapolation of evidence for other melanoma treatments.² Due to low occurrence rates of urethral melanoma, the optimal therapy has not yet been established, and surgery remains the mainstay of primary therapy; adjuvant locoregional and systemic therapies are needed.² This article reports on the case of a young patient with metastatic melanoma in the urethra which led to urinary obstruction and urinary symptoms.     

肺复合性血管内皮瘤1例报道及文献复习

目的:探讨复合性血管瘤(composite hemangioendothelioma,CHE)的临床病理和生物学特点。方法:结合相关文献对1例肺复合性血管内皮瘤伴皮肤和脑转移的临床资料、组织病理特征及免疫组化结果进行分析。结果:镜检见肿瘤组织由良性、中间型及恶性血管多种成分混合组成:肺组织与头皮的真皮及皮下组织的病变相似,为浸润性生长,病变包括上皮样血管内皮瘤(约占50%)、网状型血管内皮瘤(约占15%)、梭形细胞血管瘤(约占20%)、"血管肉瘤样"区域(约占5%)和良性血管病变(约占10%)。颅内病变可见上皮样血管内皮瘤、梭形细胞肿瘤及动静脉畸形区域。免疫组化标记示FⅧRAg( )、cD34( )。结论:肺复合性血管内皮瘤属交界性/低度恶性肿瘤,确诊依赖于病理形态学,有复发倾向,少见转移。     

非典型恶性综合征1 例报告暨文献复习

目的:探讨恶性综合征的病因、发病机制、临床表现及治疗。方法:回顾性分析1例非典型恶性综合征患者1例,结合文献进行分析讨论。结果:患者因高龄、全身状况差、长期并联合应用多种抗精神病药物、合并应用多种其他药物而诱发,表现为肌张力增高,心率增快,血压增高,经过停用抗精神病药,给予甲磺酸溴隐亭片、盐酸金刚烷胺片及对症支持治疗,患者病情好转。结论:恶性综合征是抗精神病药物治疗的严重并发症,其临床表现可无发热等典型表现,且可出现各系统症状,可能首诊于多个科室,各科临床医师均应熟悉该病的临床表现,以便及时作出诊断,及时治疗,改善患者预后。