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1.
Conidia of the speciesFusarium culmorum /W.G.Sm./ Sacc. andFusarium graminearum Schwabe are characterized by variability in zearalenone production and dimensions depending on the substrate. The sporulation of isolates from some wheat eultivars have been deprived in vivo and in vitro in the first passage, but not their pathogenicity and toxic metabolites production. Nonsporulating strains produced lower quantités of zearalenone than sporulating ones. Liquid filtrates of such nonsporulating strains had a high phytotoxic effect on wheat caryopses. The crystalline toxin DAS /0,25 ug/ml/ had low phytotoxic effect on wheat caryopses. 相似文献
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During 1985–1989 a stalk rot of early maturity hybrids of maize was studied in Radzikow (Central Poland). It was found thatFusarium species were dominant on plants with stalk rot symptoms. Spectrum ofFusarium spp. had changed within the years. The most frequently isolated were:F.subglutinans,F.culmorum andF.crookwellense. When the disease developed early in the seasonF.graminearum was also present.Predominant species were examined for their pathogenicity according to the modified method of Molot, Simone (1967). Isolates ofF.graminearum andF.culmorum were found to be strong pathogens,F.crookwellense andF.subglutinans — moderate andF.oxysporum andF.eguiseti were the weak ones 相似文献
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Production of the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) was examined in drinking water inoculated with Fusarium graminearum. The strain employed was isolated from a US water distribution system. ZEN was purified with an immunoaffinity column and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The extracellular yield of ZEN was 15.0 ng l?1. Visual growth was observed. Ergosterol was also indicative of growth and an average of 6.2 μg l?1 was obtained. Other compounds were also detected although remain unidentified. There is no equivalent information available. More work is required on metabolite expression in water as mycotoxins have consequences for human and animal health. The levels detected in this study were low. Water needs to be accepted as a potential source as it attracts high quality demands in terms of purity. 相似文献
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Margit Alt Murphy Hanna C Persson Anna Danielsson Jurgen Broeren Åsa Lundgren-Nilsson Katharina S Sunnerhagen 《BMC neurology》2011,11(1):56
Background
Recovery patterns of upper extremity motor function have been described in several longitudinal studies, but most of these studies have had selected samples, short follow up times or insufficient outcomes on motor function. The general understanding is that improvements in upper extremity occur mainly during the first month after the stroke incident and little if any, significant recovery can be gained after 3-6 months. The purpose of this study is to describe the recovery of upper extremity function longitudinally in a non-selected sample initially admitted to a stroke unit with first ever stroke, living in Gothenburg urban area. 相似文献5.
Mycelium and spores ofMicrodochium nivale /Syn.Fusarium nivale/ were compared according to their ability to infect plants ofLolium perenne. The experiments were carried out according to the “cold chamber” method (Cormack, Lebeau 1956 modified by Pronczuk 1987). Between these two types of inoculum significant differences were found. The spore inoculum did not give any symptoms while the mycelial inoculum incited a severe disease in plants ofLolium perenne during one month of incubation.Under laboratory conditions it was found that the spore cultures ofMicrodochium nivale grew very slowly at 0 – 1°C, whereas their growth at 18 – 20°C was very fast. Growth of the mycelial cultures was not as profoundly affected by temperatures studied as the spore ones.It was concluded that to incite a disease the spore inoculum require longer incubation time than mycelial ones. The mycelial inoculum is more useful for screening of plants for resistsance. 相似文献
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The paper presents 21Fusarium species occurring in Poland on the field crops /mostly on cereals, maize, potato and Papilionaceae plants/, woody plants, grasses, vegetables and ornamentals as well as on kernels or seeds of these hosts and soils. Additionally the commonly observed symptoms on above-mentioned plants and the informations about regions of the highest disease occurrence are added.However the paper results mainly from authors’ investigation on theFusarium species occurrence in Poland, it encloses also the available, post-war literature data on the fusariosis in Poland in the past.Majority ofFusarium species cited had been identified according to Nelson et al, taxonomic system. Comparative listing of the monographs / 1,11, 21/ is presented. 相似文献
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The phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotium (Athelia) rolfsii CBS 191.62 is a very efficient producer of the hemoflavoprotein, cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), forming up to 225 mg l(-1) (15,000 units cytochrome c activity l(-1)) of this protein, which is of biotechnological interest for sensors, biocatalysis and bioremediation. Both cellulose as inducing substrate and the use of a rich medium containing increased concentrations of peptone from meat or suitable amino acids are important for attaining high CDH yields. CDH, containing a protease-sensitive linker region, can be cleaved by endogenous proteases into a catalytically active flavin fragment and an inactive heme domain. By using increased concentrations of peptone, or certain amino acids such as valine or leucine, or by adding exogenous protease inhibitors, this cleavage can be almost completely inhibited, so that more than 95% intact CDH is obtained under optimised culture conditions. When using non-inhibitory amino acids, e.g. glutamine or lysine, in the medium, more than 80% of the total cellobiose-oxidising activity can be attributed to the flavin fragment. 相似文献
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Sook?Jung Christopher?Jesudurai Margaret?Staton Zhidian?Du Stephen?Ficklin Ilhyung?Cho Albert?Abbott Jeffrey?Tomkins Dorrie?Main
Background
Peach is being developed as a model organism for Rosaceae, an economically important family that includes fruits and ornamental plants such as apple, pear, strawberry, cherry, almond and rose. The genomics and genetics data of peach can play a significant role in the gene discovery and the genetic understanding of related species. The effective utilization of these peach resources, however, requires the development of an integrated and centralized database with associated analysis tools. 相似文献9.
Liping Xing Li Gao Qiguang Chen Haiyan Pei Zhaocan Di Jin Xiao Haiyan Wang Lulin Ma Peidu Chen Aizhong Cao Xiue Wang 《Plant Growth Regulation》2018,84(3):561-571
Wheat Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum (F.g), is a destructive fungal disease worldwide. FHB can not only cause considerable reduction in yield, but more seriously, can contaminate grain by trichothecene toxins released by the fungus. Here, we report new insights into the function and underlying mechanisms of a UDP-glycosyltransferase gene, Ta-UGT 3 , that is involved in FHB resistance in wheat. In our previous study, Ta-UGT 3 was found to enhance host tolerance against deoxynivalenol (DON) in Arabidopsis. In this study, four transgenic lines over-expressing Ta-UGT 3 in a FHB highly susceptible wheat variety, Alondra’s, were obtained and characterized. 3 years of assays using single floret inoculation with F.g indicated that all four transgenic lines exhibited significantly enhanced type II resistance to FHB and less DON accumulation in the grains compared to the untransformed control. Histological observation using GFP labelled F.g was in agreement with the above test results since over-expression of Ta-UGT 3 dramatically inhibited expansion of F.g. To explore the putative mechanism of resistance mediated by Ta-UGT 3 , microarray analysis, qRT-PCR and hormone measurements were performed. Microarray analysis showed that DON up-regulated genes, such as TaNPR1, in the susceptible control, and down-regulated genes in F.g inoculated transgenic lines, while qRT-PCR showed that some defence related genes were up-regulated in F.g inoculated transgenic lines. Ta-UGT 3 over-expression also changed the contents of the endogenous hormones SA and JA in the spikes. These data suggest that Ta-UGT 3 positively regulates the defence responses to F.g, perhaps by regulating defence-related and DON-induced downstream genes. 相似文献
10.
Withu Choosri Regina Paukner Petra Wührer Dietmar Haltrich Christian Leitner 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(6):1349-1353
The gene gaoA encoding the copper-dependent enzyme galactose oxidase (GAO) from Fusarium graminearum PH-1 was cloned and successfully overexpressed in E. coli. Culture conditions for cultivations in shaken flasks were optimized, and optimal conditions were found to be double-strength
LB medium, 0.5% lactose as inducer, and induction at the reduced temperature of 25°C. When using these cultivation conditions ~24 mg
of active GAO could be produced in shaken flasks per litre medium. Addition of copper to the fermentation medium decreased
the enzyme production significantly. The His-tagged recombinant enzyme could be purified conveniently with a single affinity
chromatography step. The purified enzyme showed a single band on SDS–PAGE with an apparent molecular mass of 66 kDa and had
kinetic properties similar to those of the fungal wild-type enzyme. 相似文献
11.
In the conducted studies 13 species ofFusarium were isolated into pure culture from triticale seed. Their pathogenicity was assessed under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Most of the species studied were highly pathogenic to the first leaf see-dlings of triticale ‘Grado’ and ‘Lasko’ under both sets of conditions. It was shown, that seed-transmitted Fusarium spp. considerably reduced the ability of seeds to germinate and incited seedling blight. On average, triticale ‘Lasko’ was more resistant toFusarium spp. than ‘Grado’, but in some instances a reverse reaction was observed. 相似文献
12.
Ulrike Korn Thomas Müller Andreas Ulrich Marina Elsa Herta Müller 《Mycotoxin Research》2011,27(3):195-206
Plant-associated isolates from Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum were inoculated on wheat in field experiments in 2007 and 2008 to ascertain their influence on fungal colonization of the
ears, as well as mycotoxin contamination (deoxynivalenol, DON; nivalenol, NIV; zearalenone, ZEA) and yield parameters in the
mature crop after inoculation with or without irrigation. The isolates were assigned to four different groups of aggressiveness
on the basis of pathogenic symptom development and mycotoxin production in vitro. Increased levels of trichothecene-producing
Fusarium DNA in the ears indicated a successful inoculation of the plants, which resulted in increased DON content in the wheat kernels
in 2007. Dry conditions at anthesis markedly suppressed fungal colonization as well as mycotoxin accumulation. However, due
to precipitation during the ripening period, yield and thousand-kernel weight were similar whether or not irrigation was applied
at the time of inoculation. The level of aggressiveness among the isolates as determined in vitro was not reflected in the
field experiment. The activity of the extracellular invertase in developing ears increased as a plant response to pathogen
infection, especially when the plants were irrigated at the time of inoculation. In 2008, the Fusarium inoculation of wheat heads did not cause fungal growth and mycotoxin contamination in the grain, because of the dry weather
conditions that occurred over the entire period of anthesis and ripening. The risk of future mycotoxin contamination in grains
was discussed based on climate change prognosis. 相似文献
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K. Silambarasan E. Rajalakshmi A. Sundaramanickam K. Sujatha 《Proceedings of the Zoological Society》2018,71(4):401-402
The sweeper fish Pempheris flavicycla is recorded from Kasimedu fish landing center, Chennai, India, for the first time. 相似文献
16.
Bacillus subtilis strain IB exhibiting inhibitory activity against the Fusarium head blight disease fungus Fusarium graminearum was isolated and identified. The major inhibitory compound was purified from the culture broth through anion exchange, hydrophobic
interaction, and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) steps. It was a 1,463-Da lipopeptide and had
an amino acid composition consisting of Ala, Glx, Ile, Orn, Pro, Thr, and Tyr at a molar ratio of 1:3:1:1:1:1:2. Electrospray
ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI MS/MS) analyses of the natural and the ring-opened peptides showed the
antagonist was fengycin, a kind of macrolactone molecule with antifungal activity produced by several Bacillus strains. Fluorescence microscopic analysis indicated this peptide permeabilized and disrupted F. graminearum hyphae. 相似文献
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Two repeated DNA sequences isolated from a partial genomic DNA library of Helianthus annuus, p HaS13 and p HaS211, were shown to represent portions of the int gene of a Ty3 /gypsy retroelement and of the RNase-Hgene of a Ty1 /copia retroelement, respectively. Southern blotting patterns obtained by hybridizing the two probes to BglII- or DraI-digested genomic DNA from different Helianthus species showed p HaS13 and p HaS211 were parts of dispersed repeats at least 8 and 7 kb in length, respectively, that were conserved in all species studied. Comparable hybridization patterns were obtained in all species with p HaS13. By contrast, the patterns obtained by hybridizing p HaS211 clearly differentiated annual species from perennials. The frequencies of p HaS13- and p HaS211-related sequences in different species were 4.3x10(4)-1.3x10(5) copies and 9.9x10(2)-8.1x10(3) copies per picogram of DNA, respectively. The frequency of p HaS13-related sequences varied widely within annual species, while no significant difference was observed among perennial species. Conversely, the frequency variation of p HaS211-related sequences was as large within annual species as within perennials. Sequences of both families were found to be dispersed along the length of all chromosomes in all species studied. However, Ty3 /gypsy-like sequences were localized preferentially at the centromeric regions, whereas Ty1/ copia-like sequences were less represented or absent around the centromeres and plentiful at the chromosome ends. These findings suggest that the two sequence families played a role in Helianthusgenome evolution and species divergence, evolved independently in the same genomic backgrounds and in annual or perennial species, and acquired different possible functions in the host genomes. 相似文献
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