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四川南坪白河保护区血雉食性的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
1977、1978两年,在四川南坪白河保护区对血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)的食性进行了年周期剖检分析,现将所得资料报道如下。 食物组成及季节变化 (一)食物组成 根据剖析73个嗉囊和胃,并结合野外观察,发现血雉是以植物性食物为主的鸟类。其食物主要是植物的营养器官和繁殖器官(见表1)。 构成食物成分的主要植物种类为桦(Betula albo)、松(Pinus tabula)等(见表1)。 相似文献
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中国濒危雉类生态学研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
中国是世界上雉类最为丰富的国家。世界16属51种雉类中.中国有12属27种.包括19个特有种。近几十年来.由于人类活动的影响,野生雉类的数量锐减,越来越多的珍稀雉类濒临灭绝。《世界受胁鸟类名录》(BirdLfe International,2000)列出的29种雉类中,中国有12种。世界雉类协会(WPA)和世界自然资 相似文献
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2008~2010年,北京动物园在陕西洋县长青自然保护区采集血雉卵进行人工孵化研究。卵的保存及运输期为5~7d,卵保存温度17.14~18.66℃,湿度73.5%~87.1%,卵使用防震运输箱经34h运输后入孵,运输过程温度在16.38~25.95℃之间。孵化前使用碘氟稀释液擦拭卵表面。35枚受精卵中,19枚使用3台孵化机孵化,孵化温度37.4~37.5℃,使用14%~33%、40%~45%和60%~70%3个湿度梯度孵化;16枚卵使用乌鸡代亲孵化,袖珍温度记录仪测量乌鸡孵化温度在34.81~39.18℃之间,孵化环境湿度为23.4%~72.4%。记录孵化过程中的卵重量变化和孵化期。结果表明:研究期间血雉卵平均孵化率为76.5%,其中机器孵化率为84.2%,代亲孵化率为68.8%;平均孵化期为27d11h;卵失重率11.23%~16.54%,平均为13.77%±1.51%。 相似文献
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血雉分类地位和遗传分化的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
长期以来对血雉Ithaginis应划归雉类还是鹑类和是多型属还是单型属一直存在着争议.在此对3个亚种,西藏亚种Ithaginis cruentus tibetanus,甘肃亚种I.c.berezawskii和四川亚种I.c.geoffroyii的6个个体的血雉与典型的雉类雉属Phasiamus、锦鸡属Chrysolophus、长尾雉属Syrmaticus及典型的鹑类石鸡属Alectoris、鹌鹑属Coturnix和雪鸡属Tetraogallus的线粒体DNA细胞色素6的部分基因序列比较,系统进化树中血雉与雉类聚在一起.根据血雉地理分布,多亚种中心理论,区域地理历史,环境演变和分子钟指示的时间,血雉可能于早上新世起源于横断山脉.3个亚种之间序列差异为4.1%-7.2%,与雉科其它属的种问差异度比较,其遗传分化已达到种的水平,与形态差异相吻合. 相似文献
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卧龙血雉繁殖期行为特征分析 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
1 995年 4~ 6月在四川卧龙自然保护区五一棚地区 ,采用无线电追踪技术结合野外行为观察 ,对血雉繁殖期行为特征进行了研究。结果表明 ,繁殖前期雄鸟在警戒行为的频次及持续时间上均显著地高于雌鸟 (T test,频次 ,t=-4 73 ,P <0 0 1 ;时间 ,t=-2 80 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;孵卵期 ,雄鸟在警戒行为的总持续时间上显著地高于雌鸟 (T test,t=-4 75 ,P <0 0 1 ) ,雌鸟在取食行为的总持续时间上显著地高于雄鸟 (T test,t=3 41 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;对雌雄个体行为同时进行观察的结果表明 ,雌鸟维持行为的时间与雄鸟警戒行为的时间显著正相关 (Y =49 68+0 2 693X ,r=0 71 79,P =0 0 0 2 6)。繁殖前期和孵卵期雄鸟的警戒行为可以提高雌鸟用于取食、理羽、沙浴的时间 ,而减少用于警戒的时间 相似文献
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血雉的产卵时间和产卵间隔 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
鸟类的产卵时间和产卵间隔因种而异 ,并会影响其繁殖成功。采用在巢内放置含有温度数据自动记录装置的假卵 ,通过记录其温度的变化来监测雌鸟产卵行为的方法 ,对分布于我国青藏高原森林鸟类血雉(Ithaginiscruentus)的产卵时间和产卵间隔进行了研究。结果表明 ,雌鸟每次入巢产卵的时间是在 15 :16± 2 2min (13 :30~ 18:5 1) ,产卵高峰集中在 14:0 0~ 16 :0 0 ,每次在巢中停留 (2 2± 0 2 6 )h。产卵间隔为 (46 4± 3 0 8)h ,大多数 (75 % )产卵间隔 45 8~ 48 9h。由此推测 ,血雉产卵时间较为集中很可能与避开夜行性捕食者的活动高峰有关 ;而隔天产卵则是对高原恶劣环境条件的适应。 相似文献
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血雉Ithaginis cruentus是分布在青藏高原东部至喜马拉雅山脉的珍稀濒危雉类物种。本研究使用红外相机调查技术,于2014—2018年在四川王朗国家级自然保护区168个标准公里网格内布设调查位点283个,其中249个有效位点上总有效工作量为26 123相机日,共拍摄到血雉照片与视频合计8 907份(占鸡形目Galliformes总数的71.46%),独立探测922次(占鸡形目总数的70.11%),相对多度指数35.29。基于核密度函数绘制了血雉的日活动节律曲线,结果显示,血雉为严格的日行型动物,所有记录均发生在05∶50—19∶50;日活动曲线整体呈现单峰模式:活动强度在日出后快速增加,在09∶00—11∶00达到最高,之后强度逐渐降低,在18∶00后快速下降。在不同季节,血雉的日活动节律模式存在差异,繁殖期与非繁殖期的日活动节律模式差别较为明显。本研究基于可靠的调查手段和充足的数据量,分析了血雉的日活动模式,表明红外相机技术是动物行为研究的有效工具,为血雉及其他森林雉类行为生态的深入研究提供了基础资料与信息。 相似文献
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2013年4—7月,利用红外相机在四川王朗自然保护区研究了血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)在繁殖初期和育雏期的日活动模式和集群行为。结果表明,血雉具有明显的昼行性活动规律,繁殖初期的活动高峰为6:00—14:00(n=42,P=84.00%),育雏期的活动高峰为6:00—12:00(n=111,P=60.33%),次高峰为12:00—18:00(n=63,P=34.24%)。繁殖初期记录了50群76只血雉,雌雄性比为1∶2.41,集群大小为(1.52±0.68)只/群,以孤雄(n=23,P=46.00%)和混合群(n=29,P=30.00%)为主。育雏期记录了184群321只血雉,雌雄性比为1∶1.81,集群大小为(1.74±1.21)只/群,以孤雄(n=75,P=40.76%)和家庭群(n=51,P=27.72%)为主。在繁殖初期和育雏期,不同集群类型出现的频率差异均极显著(繁殖初期:χ2=17.680,df=3,P〈0.01;育雏期:χ2=79.478,df=4,P〈0.01)。血雉的集群性较强,即使在以家庭生活为主的育雏期也常集群活动。 相似文献
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Ievleva EV Rudenskaia IuA Zimacheva AV Mosolov VV 《Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia》2000,36(5):541-544
A protein that inhibited the proteolytic activity of trypsin was isolated from amaranth leaves (Amaranthus cruentus) by affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose. The inhibition was noncompetitive (with n-nitroanilide-N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine as substrate) and had a Ki of 11.87 x 10(-7) 7 M. The protein caused a weaker inhibitory effect on chymotrypsin, had no effect on subtilisin, displayed a molecular weight of 8 kDa, and contained no cysteine residues. 相似文献
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E. V. Levleva Yu. A. Rudenskaya A. V. Zimacheva V. V. Mosolov 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2000,36(5):466-468
A protein that inhibited the proteolytic activity of trypsin was isolated from amaranth leaves (Amaranthus cruentus) by affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose. The inhibition was noncompetitive (withp-nitroanilide-N-α-benzoyl-DL-arginine as substrate) and had aK
i, of 1.87 × 10−7 M. The protein caused a weaker inhibitory effect on chymotrypsin, had no effect on subtilisin, displayed a molecular weight
of 8 kDa, and contained no cysteine residues. 相似文献
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Escudero NL Zirulnik F Gomez NN Mucciarelli SI Giménez MS 《Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)》2006,231(1):50-59
It is widely known that elevated cholesterol and triglycerides levels favor the development of heart disease. In this paper we studied the effect of a protein concentrate from Amaranthus cruentus (Ac) on the lipid content in serum and liver tissue of male Wistar rats. The animals were separated into two groups, each group with 16 rats. The control diet had casein as protein source (CD), and the experimental one had Ac protein concentrate (PCAcD). The diets contained 1% cholesterol. Parameters of oxidative stress in liver with CD and PCAcD were also evaluated. No significant differences were observed in serum total cholesterol, whereas LDL decreased and HDL increased (P < 0.001), and the amount of triglycerides decreased in PCAcD as compared to CD. In liver, a decrease of total cholesterol and triglycerides (P < 0.001) was observed in the experimental group in relation to control. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity decreased significantly in the experimental group. The mRNA of HMG-CoA reductase did not change, and mRNA of FAS decreased in rat liver fed with PCAcD compared with CD. The excretion of total lipids in feces increased with PCAcD compared to CD (P < 0.001). The activity of reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid in liver showed no significant differences between the control and experimental diets. However, total glutathione and reduced glutathione increased in PCAcD compared to CD (P < 0.001). It can be concluded that PCAcD has a hypotriglyceridemic effect, affects the metabolism of liver lipids, and increases parameters of antioxidant protection in male Wistar rats. 相似文献
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N. M. Guliev G. G. Babaev Sh. M. Bairamov D. A. Aliev 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2003,50(2):213-219
The method has been developed for obtaining two purified forms of carbonic anhydrase (CA, A and B forms) from amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) leaves. The method includes precipitation with ammonium sulfate, fractionation by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-50, gel filtration on AcA-34 ultragel, and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose. The molecular weights of A and B forms were different and equaled to 151 and 251 kD, respectively. The results suggest that SH groups and zinc play important roles in the catalytic activity of both CA forms. Both forms exhibited a high hydratase activity and did not represent allosteric enzymes. However, the catalytic properties of A form, evaluated from the pH dependence of kinetic parameters, differed from those of B form, which was apparently caused by dissimilar structures of these forms. Furthermore, the A form was localized in chloroplast membranes of bundle sheath cells, whereas B form was a soluble enzyme located in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells. 相似文献