Book Reviews

Reynolds, C.S. (1984) The Ecology of Freshwater Phytoplankton.
Baker, M.D., Dorda, N.L. & Dodson, S.I. (1984) Zooplankton of the Great Lakes. A guide to the identification and ecology of the common crustacean species.
Olah, J. (Ed.) (1984) Fish, Pathogens and Environment in European Poly culture.
Salomons, W. & Förstner, U. (1984) Metals in the Hydrocycle.
Moore, J.W. & Ramamoorthy, S. (1984) Heavy Metals in Natural Waters: Applied Monitoring and Impact Assessment.     

Book Reviews

Horie, S. (Ed.) (1984) Lake Biwa.
Davenport, J. (1984) Environmental Stress and Behavioural Adaptation.
Benomi, G. & Erséus, C. (Eds.) (1984) Aquatic Oligochaeta. (Developments in Hydrobiology
Rrame, C.J.N. & Duinker, J.C. (Eds.) (1984) Complexation of Trace Metals in Natural Waters.     

Book Reviews

Holme, N.A. & Mclntyre, A.D. (Eds) (1984) Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos.
Lewis, W.M., Saunders, J.F., Crumpacker, D.W. & Brendecke, CM. (1984) Eutrophication and Land Use: Lake Dillon, Colorado.
McKeown, B.A. (1984) Fish Migration.
von Brandt, A. (1984) Fish Catching Methods of the World
Barnes, R.S.K. (1984) Estuarine Biology.
Dumont, H.J. & Tundisi, J.G. (Eds) (1984) Tropical Zooplankton.
Wootton, R.J. (1984) A Functional Biology of Sticklebacks
Fernando, C.H. (Ed.) (1984) Ecology and Biogeography in Sri Lanka.
Haworth, E.W. & Lund, J.W.G. (Eds) (1984) Lake Sediments and Environmental History.
Petts, G.E. (1984) Impounded Rivers. Perspectives for Ecological Management.
Whitton, B.A. (Ed.) (1984) Ecology of European Rivers.     

Book Reviews

Sioli, H. (Ed.) (1984) The Amazon: limnology and landscape ecology of a mighty tropical river and its basin.
Chanin, P. (1985) The Natural History of Otters.
Lillehamer, A. & Saltveit, S.J. (Eds.) (1984) Regulated Rivers.     

Books Reviews

S cience W riting for B eginners
M icrobiology . E ssentials and A pplications (1985). L. McKane & J. Kandel.
P rogress in C linical and B iological R esearch Volume 178 B luetongue and R elated O rbiviruses (1985). Edited by T. Lynwood Barber, M. M. Jochim & B. I. Osburn.
A ntimicrobial D rug R esistance (1984) Edited by L. E. Bryan.
A spects of M icrobial M etabolism and E cology (1984). Edited by G. A. Codd.
P rogress in L eukocyte B iology Volume 1 V iral M echanisms of I mmunosuppression (1985). Edited by N. Gilmore & M. A. Wainberg.
T he S ociety for A pplied B acteriology T echnical S eries No. 19 M icrobiological M ethods for E nvironmental B iotechnology (1984). Edited by J. M. Grainger & J. M. Lynch.
S crapie D isease in S heep (1983). H. B. Parry. Edited by D. R. Oppenheimer.     

Book Review

B iotechnology: A T extbook OF I ndustrial M icrobiology (1984). W. Crueger & A. Crueger.
I ntroduction TO M odern M ycology 2nd edition B asic M icrobiology Volume 7 (1984). J. W. Deacon.
L aboratory A nimal M edicine (1984). Edited by J. G. Fox, B. J. Cohen & F. M. Loew.
B acterial V accines (1984). Edited by R. Germanier.
M onoclonal A ntibodies: P rinciples AND P ractice P roduction AND A pplication IN C ell B iology , B iochemistry AND I mmunology (1983) J. W. Goding.
A dvances IN B iotechnological P rocesses Volume 3 (1984). Edited by A. Mizrahi & A. L. van Wezel.
C urrent D evelopment IN B iological N itrogen F ixation (1984). Edited by N. S. Subba Roa.     

Actin-binding peptide obtained by the cyanogen bromide cleavage of the 20-kDa fragment of myosin subfragment-1

The 20-kDa fragment of myosin subfragment-1 heavy chain was cleaved with cyanogen bromide. Gel electrophoresis of the fragmented peptides indicated the presence of 20-, 18-, 16-, 14-, 12-, and 10-kDa peptides in addition to two peptides smaller than 10 kDa. The renaturation procedure of Muhlrad and Morales (Muhlrad, A., and Morales, M. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 81, 1003-1007) was applied to the mixture of these peptides. The peptides larger than 10 kDa, which contain both the reactive SH1 and SH2 groups, were precipitated with F-actin by ultracentrifugation. The 10-kDa peptide was purified and was identified as p10 of Elzinga and Collins (Elzinga, M., and Collins, J. H. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 74, 4281-4284). The renaturation procedure was applied to the purified 10-kDa peptide. The 10-kDa peptide was also precipitated with F-actin by ultracentrifugation. Affinity of the 10-kDa peptide for F-actin was determined with an increase of turbidity, and the apparent dissociation constant was 0.94 microM. Results are consistent with our proposition that a binding site for F-actin exists around the SH1 and SH2 groups of subfragment-1 (Katoh, T., Imae, S., and Morita, F. (1984) J. Biochem. 95, 447-454; Katoh, T., and Morita, F. (1984) J. Biochem. 96, 1223-1230).     

Books

Book reviewed in this article: Möhn , E. (1984): System und Phylogenie der Lebewesen Bd. 1: Physikalische, chemische und biologische Evolution; Prokaryonta, Eukaryonta (bis Ctenophora) (Systematics and phylogeny of living organisms. Vol. 1: physical, chemical and biological evolution). E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele & Obermiller), Stuttgart. Schwoerbel, J. (1984): Einführung in die Limnologie (Introduction to limnology). 5., neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Ottoson, D. , ed. (1985): Progress in sensory physiology. Vol. 5 (Fortschritte der Sinnesphysiologie). Kirschvink , J. L., D. S. Jones & B. J. MacFadden, eds. (1985): Magnetite biomineralization and magnetoreception in organisms. A new biomagnetism (Biomagnetismus). Michelsen, A., ed. (1985): Time resolution in auditory Systems (Zeitliche Auflösung in Gehörsystemen). Campbell, B. (1985): Ökologie des Menschen, übersetzt von S. Schmitz. (Human ecology. Heinemann Educational books. London 1983). Boakes , R. (1984): From Darwin to behaviourism — Psychology and the minds of animals (Von Darwin zum Behaviorismus — Psychologie und die Psyche der Tiere). Dewsbury , D. A. (1984): Comparative psychology in the twentieth century (Vergleichende Psychologie im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert).     

Recent Ornithological Publications: Books

Books: Schodde , R., Fullagar , P. & Hermes , N. 1983. A review of Norfolk Island birds: past and present Books: Aldrich , J.W. 1984. Ecogeographical variation in size and proportions of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). AOU Monograph No Belton , W. 1984. Birds of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Part I, Rheidae through Furnariidae Books: Benson , S.V, 1984. Birds of Lebanon, Syria and Jordan and for use in the neighbouring Arab States Books: Bird , D.M. (ed.) 1983. Biology and management of bald eagles and ospreys, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Bald Eagles and Ospreys, Montreal, 28–29 October 1981 Books: Brooke , R.K. 1984. South African red data book–birds Books: Collias , N.E. & Collias , E.C. 1984. Nest building and bird behavior. Pp. 336, numerous black-and-white photographs, drawings and figures. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Books: Cordero -Tapia , PJ. 1983. Las aves del Maresme. Catalogo, status y fenelogia Books: Cramp , S. (ed.) 1985. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: the birds of the Western Palearctic, Vol. IV, Terns to woodpeckers Books: Corxall , J.P., EVANS, P.G.H. & SCHREIBER, R. 1984. Status and conservation of the world's seabirds. ICBP Technical Publication Books: Cheutz , G. 1985. Der Weiss-Storch. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei No. 375 Books: Dejonghe , J.-F. 1984. Les oiseaux de montagne. (Mountain birds.) Pp. 310, 15 colour plates, 9 black-and-white photogaphs, numerous sketches, distribution maps, tables and graphs. Maisons-Alfort: Edition du Point Veterinair Books: Francis , CM. (compiler). 1984. Pocket guide to the birds of Borneo. Available from The Sabah Society, PO Box 247, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Books: Harrison , H.H. 1984. Wood warblers' world. Pp. 335, 24 colour plates, many black-and-white photographs and maps. New York: Simon and Schuster Books: Kear , J. 1985. Eric Hosking's wildfowl Books: Kendeigh , S.C. 1982. Bird populations in east central Illinois: fluctuations, variations, and development over a half-century Books: Laws , R.M. (ed.) 1984. Antarctic ecology, Vols. 1 & 2, Pp. xxvii + 850; numerous black-and-white photographs, drawings and diagrams. London & New York: Academic Books: Lovel , T.W.I, (ed.) 1982. Grouse: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Grouse, Dalhousie Castle, Edinburgh, 16–20 March 1981 Books: Lübcke , W. & Furrer , R. 1985. Die Wacholderdrossel. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei No. 569 Books: Mc Clure , E. 1984. Bird banding. Pp. 341. Pacific Grove Books: Muntaner , J., Ferreri , X. & Martinez -Vllalta , A. 1983. Atlas dels ocells nidificants de Catalunya i Andorra. (Atlas of the breeding birds of Cataluna and Andorra.) Books: Sibly , R.M. & Smith , R.H. (eds) 1985. Behavioural ecology: ecological consequences of adaptive behaviour. Proceedings of the twenty-fifth Symposium of the British Ecological Society, Reading, 1984 Books: Walkinshaw , L.H. 1983. Kirlan?s Warbler: the natural history of an endangered species. Cranbrook Institute of Science Bulletin 58 Books: Winkler , R. 1984. Avifaunader Schweiz, eine kommentierte Artenliste, I., Passeriformes. (German with French summary) Books: Woolfenden , G.E. & Fitzpatrick , J.W. 1984. The Florida Scrub Jay: demography of a cooperative breeding bird. Monographs in Population Biology 20 Books: Zoological Record: Aves 119. (1982). 1985. Philadelphia, PA: Biosis & London: Zoological Society of London. ISSN 0144–3607. Also received: Anon . 1985. The flock. US 15.00 + US $1.00 postage & packing. Available from F. R. Moore, AOU, Department of Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA. Also received: Draulans , D. 1984. Dagroofvogels te Mol-Postel en omgeving. Pp. 96, 65 figures, 17 tables, two black-and-white photographs, 22 line drawings. Also received: Gerrard , J. 1983. Charles Broley: an extraordinary naturalist Also received: Glayre , D. & Magnenat , D. 1984. Oiseaux nicheurs de la Haute Vallee de ?Orbe Also receivedGraber , J.W., Graber , R.R. & Kirk , E.L. 1983. Illinois birds: Wood Warblers. Illinois Natural History Survey Biological Notes No. 118 Also received: Grzybowski , J.A. & Schnell , G.D. 1984. Oklahoma ornithology: an annotated bibliography Also received: Hahn , O. 1984. Der Weissstorch Also received:de Jong , J. 1983. Der kerkuil. (The Barn Owl) Also received: Løppenthin , B. 1984. Icones Avium Rossico-Americanarum, Tabulae VII, Ineditae, with comments on birds, expeditions and people involved Also received: Pettingill , O.S., Jr. 1985. Ornithology in laboratory and field Also received: Quay , T.L., Funderburg , J.B., Jr., Lee , D.S., Potter , E.F. & Robbins , C.S. (eds) 1983. The Seaside Sparrow, its biology and management. Occasional Papers of the North Carolina Biological Survey Also received: Somes , R.G. 1984. International registry of poultry genetic stocks: a directory of specialised lines and strains, mutations, breeds and variety of chickens, Japanese quails and turkeys. Storrs Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin Also received: Sutton , G.M. 1985. Eskimo year, 2nd ed Tunnicliffe , C.F. 1985. Shorelands summer diary. Pp. 160, 16 colour plates, 185 scraperboards. London: Orbis Publishing Also received: Wood , D.S. & Jenkinson , M.A. 1984. World inventory of avian anatomical specimens: geographical analysis Wood , D.S. & Schnell , G.D. 1984. Distribution of Oklahoma birds, Vol. 4. Stovall Museum Publications Series Sound recordings: Hardy , J.W. & Parker , T. 1985. Voices of the New World thrushes Sound recordings: Roché , J.-C. 1985. The bird walker: a dictionary of bird sounds from Britain, Europe and North Africa     

Structures of the sialylated oligosaccharide chains in swine tracheal mucin glycoproteins

The structures of the major sialylated oligosaccharide chains in swine tracheal mucin glycoprotein were established. The oligosaccharide chains were released by treatment with alkaline borohydride and isolated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P6 columns and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The neutral oligosaccharide chains in this glycoprotein have been characterized in previous studies (Rana, S.S., Chandrasekaran, E.V., Kennedy, J., and Mendicino, J. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12899-12907; Chandrasekaran, E.V., Rana, S.S., Davila, M., and Mendicino, J. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12908-12914). The present study reports the isolation of four monosialylated chains ranging in length from 6 to 14 sugar units, two disialylated chains containing 6 and 12 sugar units, and one trisialylated chain containing 9 sugar units. The structure of the sialylated oligosaccharides was determined by permethylation analysis and sequential hydrolysis with specific exoglycosidases. The following structures (where GalNAcol is N-acetylgalactosaminitol) were assigned to these oligosaccharides.     

Isolation of cytochrome P-448 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae H 1022 and characterization by different antibodies

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells H 1022 grown in a continuous culture under glucose repression and O₂ limitation show a high content of cytochrome P-448. According to the fractionation on octyl-Sepharose and to the reaction with P-448 antibodies of S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum only a single protein band with the molecular weight of 58 kDa could be identified as cytochrome P-448. This is in agreement with the results of Aoyama et al. [(1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 1661–1666], but not with the result of King et al. [(1984) Xenobiotica 14, 187–206]. There is dissimilarity of the yeast cytochrome P-448 with that of mammalian P-448 by the antibody reaction despite a suggested similarity in the amino acid sequence [(1984) Xenobiotica 14, 187–206].     

Seroepidemiological studies of HIV-1 infection in large Brazilian cities

The prevalence of HIV-1 antibodies in selected groups of individuals from Rio de Janeiro, S?o Paulo and Santos was determined retrospectively. These groups and respective prevalences were: hemophiliac patients from Rio de Janeiro (1983-1984) 98.0%; polytransfused hemodialysis patients from S?o Paulo (1985-1986) 3.0% and (1987) 7.7%; intravenous drug addicts from S?o Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (1986-1987) 15.9%; male prisoners from S?o Paulo (1988) 12.5%, and pregnant women from Santos (1988-1989) 3.6%. These data stress the magnitude of AIDS in Brazil.     

BOOKS REVIEWS

M aintenance OF M icroorganisms . A M anual OF L aboratory M ethods (1984). Edited by B. E. Kirsop & J. J. S. Snell.
P rogress IN C linical AND B iological R esearch , V olume 181, G ermfree R esearch : M icroflora C ontrol AND ITS A pplication TO THE B iomedical S ciences (1985). Edited by B. S. Wostmann, J. R. Pleasants, M. Pollard
S pecial P ublications OF THE S ociety FOR G eneral M icrobiology , N umber 15, C omputer -A ssisted B acterial S ystematics (1985). Edited by M. Goodfellow, D. Jones & F. G. Priest.
R epairable L esions IN M icroorganisms (1984). Edited by A. Hurst & A. Nasim.
T he V irulence OF E scherichia C oli . R eviews AND M ethods (1985). Edited by M. Sussman.     

命名建议——以Diabolepis代替Diabolichthys Chang et Yu,1984

<正> 因肺鱼 Diabolichthys Chang et Yu,1984 是鳐类 Diabolichthys Holmes,1856 (p.45) 的晚出同名,应予废弃,建议代之以 Diabolepis.     

中国蚋属蚋亚属盾纹组分类记要并三新种记述(双翅目,蚋科)

记载中国蚋属蚋亚属盾纹蚋组Simulium striatum-group)计8种。其中包括1新纪录种。泰国蚋S.(s.)thai-landieumTakaoka et Suzuki,1984和3新种：即坝河蚋S.(S.)bahense sp.nov,勐腊蚋S.(s.)menglaense sp.nov和五指山蚋S.(s.)wuzhishanense sp.nov,分别以其产地命名,文中对其不同虫期进行描述并与其近缘种进行分类讨论,模式标本均存放于贵阳医学院生物教研室。     

陕西省蚋属一新种记述(双翅目:蚋科)

Simulium (Simulium) liubaense, sp. nov. is described based on the female specimens collected from Liuba, Shaanxi Province, China. This species is assigned to the variegotum-group of the subgenus Simulium, and is closely related to S. (S.) jingfui Cai and An, 2008, S. (S.) taiwanicum Takaoka, 1979, S. (S.) hackeri Edwards 1928, S. (S.) chamlongi Takaoka and Suzuki, 1984. However it is clearly differentiated from them by the structure of cibarium, genital fork, genital plate, paraproct and cercus of the female. All the specimens are kept in the Medical Entomology Collection Gallery, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing.     

Requirement of the 20-kDa light chain for the papain-resistant conformation of gizzard myosin

The limited chymotryptic digestion of unphosphorylated gizzard myosin in 0.15 M NaCl converted a papain-insensitive myosin in ATP to a papain-sensitive one. This conversion without phosphorylation of its 20-kDa light chain was accompanied with truncation of a 200-kDa heavy chain to a 195-kDa fragment and with the degradation of a 20-kDa light chain. Papain also yielded the 195-kDa fragment from the heavy chain, irrespective of the presence or absence of ATP. However, the ATP-induced protection of unphosphorylated myosin from the papain-digestion disappeared concurrently with degradation of the 20-kDa light chain by papain rather than the truncation of heavy chain. Papers from two laboratories [Onishi, H. & Watanabe, S. (1984) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 95, 903-905; Kumon, A., Yasuda, S., Murakami, N., and Matsumura, S. (1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 140, 265-271] have reported that the ATP-protection of unphosphorylated myosin against papain is not observed after the 20-kDa light chain has been phosphorylated. The present results might indicate that the ATP-induced protection is also abolished through the chymotryptic degradation of the 20-kDa light chain.     

Some Living Fossils

Eldredge, N. & Stanley, S. M. (eds.) 1984: Living Fossils. (Casehooks in Earth Sciences; series Editor R. N. Ginsburg.)     

External electric-field effects on photosynthetic vesicles. The relationship of the rapid and slow phases of electrophotoluminescence in hypotonically swollen chloroplasts to PS I and PS II activity

The external electric-field induced luminescence in hypotonically swollen thylakoid vesicles consists of two kinetically different phases, rapid R and slow S, which have been characterized previously (Symons, M., Malkin, S. and Korenstein, R. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 767, 223–230). We show that the R phase is elicited by precursors originating in Photosystem I and that S is created through Photosystem II activity. This is substantiated by the difference of the two luminescence phases regarding their action spectrum, sensitivity to electron acceptors, electron-transport inhibitors and heat treatment.     

Adaptive changes in hypercapnic ventilatory response during training and detraining

To confirm the effects of physical training and detraining on CO2 chemosensitivity, we followed hypercapnic ventilatory response at rest in the same five subjects during pre-, post- and detraining for 6 years. They joined our university badminton teams as freshmen and participated regularly in their team's training for about 3 h a day, three times a week, for 4 years. After that they retired from their teams and stopped training in order to study in the graduate school for 2 years. Maximum pulmonary ventilation (VEmax) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for each subject were determined during maximal treadmill exercise. The slope (S) of ventilatory response to carbon dioxide at rest was measured by Read's rebreathing method. Mean values of VEmax increased statistically during training and decreased statistically during detraining. A similar tendency was observed in VO2max. The average value of S before training was 1.91 l.min-1.mmHg-1, (+/- ) SD 0.52 and it decreased gradually with increasing training periods; the difference between the S values before (1980) and after training (1982, 1983 and 1984) were all significant. Furthermore, the mean values of S increased significantly during detraining as compared with those obtained at the end of training (April 1984). We concluded that in normal subjects, long-term physical training increases aerobic work capacity and decreases CO2 ventilatory responsiveness, and that the ventilatory adaptations with training observed here are reversible through detraining.