γ-氨基丁酸受体及其基因研究进展

γ-氮基丁酸(GABA)是脊椎动物脑内一种重要的神经递质.它与其特异性受体(即 GABAR)分子的相互作用,可引起该受体偶联的 Cl^-,K⁺和 Ca²⁺通道传导的改变并产生神经元抑制效应.近年 GABA_AR 基因及其表达的研究,已为不同的种属、不同脑区域和细胞类型中 GABA_AR 的亚基组成、生理功能及其对很多中枢神经系统药物反应的多样性提供了令人信服的依据,可以预见不久这方面深入的探索也必将为有关该受体的神经精神病发病的分子机理研究及其治疗性药物的设计提出新的线索.     

胰岛中谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸受体的研究进展

谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸受体主要分布在中枢神经系统,在神经信号转导中发挥着重要作用.近年来在胰岛中也发现了这类受体,且胰岛中几乎含有这些受体的所有亚型.本文详细描述了胰岛中这些受体的各亚型,并着重讨论了它们的生理功能和相互作用关系,以及研究它们在胰岛中的生理功能的新技术方法.这些问题的探讨不但为研究胰岛功能机制提供了新思路,也将有助于从新的视角理解神经科学问题.     

牛小脑γ-氨基丁酸受体的生化特性

用放射性配基结合实验方法鉴定了牛小脑γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体的生化特性。高速离心制备的牛小脑突触膜与~3H-GABA有一饱和结合,K_D值为96nM,B_(max)为1.02pmol/mg蛋白,Hill系数为0.99。这一结合具有药理专一性和立体专一性,动力学实验测得结合速度常数为9.6×10~6M~(-1)min~(-1),解离速度常数为0.115min~(-1)。冻融、洗涤、超声波和TritonX-100处理突触膜,使~3H-GABA结合活性增加114倍。     

一种内源性的竞争性的γ-氨基丁酸受体抑制剂

 用离心、超滤、分子筛及高压液相色谱技术从牛小脑得到一种GABA受体结合抑制剂。该物质竞争性地抑制~3H-蝇草醇(Muscimol)与突触膜GABA受体的高亲和力部位结合,Ki值为0.73±0.25ng。对~3H-二苯羟乙酸-3-奎宁环脂(QNB)和~3H-氟硝安定(~3H-FNZP)与脑匀浆和突触膜的结合没有影响。初步分析该物质为分子量6000道尔顿的肽。     

激活视网膜水平细胞离子型谷氨酸受体抑制γ-氨基丁酸转运体电流(英文)

本工作在酶解分离的鲫鱼视网膜水平细胞上研究了AMPA受体对γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)转运体电流的调节作用。由1mmol/L GABA所诱导的GABA转运体电流被持续50s的AMPA(30μmol/L或3mmol/L)预灌流所抑制。在细胞内液中施加10mmol/L BAPTA可以减弱AMPA对GABA转运体电流的抑制效应。施加3mmol/L AMPA+3mmol/ LNMDA所引起的抑制效应和单独施加3mmol/L AMPA或3mmol/L NMDA所引起的抑制效应相仿。以上结果表明,和激活NMDA受体调节GABA转运体的机制一样,激活视网膜水平细胞上的AMPA受体可以通过胞内钙过程来抑制GABA转运体电流。     

A型γ氨基丁酸受体结构及其有关药物

A型γ氨基丁酸(GABAA)受体是中枢神经系统内最重要的抑制性神经递质GABA的受体,是配体门控离子通道超家族成员之一。本文对国内外有关GABAA受体的结构与功能的关系以及与其相互作用的有关药物进行了讨论。     

杀虫剂分子靶标:γ-氨基丁酸A型受体(二)

4与GABAA受体变异有关的神经不敏感性抗性机理多氯环烷烃类杀虫剂的长期使用,选择了大量的抗性害虫种群。已报道的504种抗性害虫中,该类杀虫剂的抗性种群占57．7％,共291种[24]。神经不敏感性是该类杀虫剂最重要的抗性机制之一,神经敏感性降低单个抗性机制即可使黑尾果蝇对狄氏剂产生4270倍的高抗性[19]神经不敏感性抗性机制的分子机理研究主要集中在两个方面：GABAA受体数目的变异和受体的质变。Matsumra（1987）等[25]报道抗环戊二烯类的蜚蠊品系受体密度显著减少,与二氢苦毒宁的亲和力仅为敏感品系的1/10Tauaha（1987）[26]的…     

神经递质——γ-氨基丁酸的组织化学

GABA 是一种分子量极小的氨基酸.GABA 及其合成酶 GAD 主要存在于中枢神经系统中,是一种独特的抑制性神经递质,在神经信息加工中起重要作用.近几年来,对于 GABA 作用的研究越来越引起人们的重视,分别在生理学药理学、生物化学和组织化学等领域中进行了广泛地探讨.文中介绍了 GABA 的三种组织化学研究途径及其研究结果.     

异育银鲫GABA A受体γ2亚基全长克隆及生物信息学分析

近年来GABA A受体亚基特异性在药物筛选、研发过程中的应用得到广泛地关注,其中有关α1、β2和γ2三种功能性亚基的研究最为深入。异育银鲫因其良好的生长、繁殖优势,在国内得到广泛养殖。采用RACE法克隆得到了异育银鲫GABA A受体γ2亚基基因全长cDNA,并进行了生物信息学分析。该基因长2 763 bp,其中CDS区长1437 bp,可编码477个氨基酸的前体蛋白。预测蛋白分子量55.3 k D,理论等电点9.13。异育银鲫体内GABA A受体γ2亚基氨基酸序列N端存在1个长度为35个氨基酸的信号肽,4个长度分别为23、20、23和23个氨基酸的跨膜区,3个N-糖基结合位点和2个O-糖基化位点,1个特异性结构域,其氨基酸序列具有明显的氯离子门控通道家族特征。氨基酸序列与其他物种氨基酸序列的同源性都在89%以上,表明该蛋白属于GABA A受体亚基家族。系统进化树表明异育银鲫与斑马鱼聚为一支,亲缘关系最近。     

不同强度电针对PCPA失眠大鼠下丘脑γ-氨基丁酸及受体的影响

通过观察不同强度电针对睡眠节律紊乱大鼠下丘脑γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)及受体(GABRA1)的影响,初步探讨针灸治疗失眠的作用机制及不同强度电针的效应差异.用免疫组织化学技术观察失眠大鼠下丘脑GABA阳性细胞的表达情况,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测失眠大鼠下丘脑GABRA1 mRNA表达改变.研究发现,对氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)化失眠大鼠下丘脑GABA阳性细胞染色较浅,且表达量减少,GABRA1mRNA表达明显降低(P＜0.01);经电针治疗5 d后,失眠大鼠下丘脑GABA阳性神经元染色较深,表达量较多,GABRA1 mRNA表达显著升高(P＜0.01),且2 V电针刺激作用比1 V电针刺激更为明显.结果表明电针可增加失眠大鼠下丘脑GABA及受体的表达,调节睡眠-觉醒周期,发挥镇静催眠作用,且2 V电针刺激效果优于1 V电针刺激.     

昆虫毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体研究进展

毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体（muscarinic acetylcholine receptor,mAchR）是昆虫神经系统中一种十分重要的神经递质受体,属于G蛋白偶联受体超家族,与配体结合后激活G蛋白并通过胞内第二信使产生生物学效应,参与昆虫多种神经生理功能,是农药开发的一个潜在靶标。昆虫毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的研究,有助于提高昆虫神经生理及行为调节机制等方面的认识,并为以此为靶标的新型杀虫剂研制提供新思路。本文综述了国内外对昆虫毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的研究概况,并对GenBank中已上传的昆虫mAchR序列进行了分子进化分析,最后对昆虫mAchR研究中存在的问题及前景进行了分析和展望。     

昆虫Bt毒素受体蛋白的研究进展

Bt是一种被广泛应用的生物杀虫剂,昆虫Bt受体蛋白在Bt发挥毒性过程中起到非常重要的作用,而且受体蛋白与Bt结合能力的改变可能是昆虫对Bt产生抗性的主要原因,近年来已成为国际研究的热点。该文从昆虫Bt受体蛋白的分离鉴定,结合动力学,与Bt杀虫毒性、抗性的关系及其分子本质等方面综述受体蛋白的研究进展。     

Pharmacology of insect GABA receptors

A GABA-operated Cl^– channel that is bicuculline-insensitive is abundant in the nervous tissue of cockroach, in housefly head preparations and thorax/abdomen preparations, and in similar preparations from several insect species. Bicuculline-insensitive GABA-operated Cl^– channels, which are rare in vertebrates, possess sites of action of benzodiazepines, steroids and insecticides that are pharmacologically-distinct from corresponding sites on vertebrate GABA_A receptors. The pharmacological profile of the benzodiazepine-binding site linked to an insect CNS GABA-operated Cl^– channel resembles more closely that of vertebrate peripheral benzodiazepine-binding sites. Six pregnane steroids and certain polychlorocycloalkane insecticides, which are active att-butylbicy-clophosphorothionate (TBPS)-binding sites, also differ in their effectiveness on vertebrate and insect GABA receptors. Radioligand binding and physiological studies indicate that in insects there may be subtypes of the GABA receptor. Molecular biology offers experimental approaches to understanding the basis of this diversity.Special issue dedicated to Dr. Eugene Roberts     

Bt杀虫晶体蛋白受体分子的结构与功能

苏云金杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt)杀虫蛋白与昆虫中肠细胞膜上受体的结合是Bt毒素作用的关键环节和决定Bt杀虫蛋白选择性的关键因素。受体与Bt杀虫蛋白结合能力的改变可能是昆虫对Bt产生抗性的主要原因,也因此成为近年来国际上的研究热点和焦点,并取得了突破性的进展。该文就昆虫体内Bt毒素的４种受体：氨肽酶N、类钙粘蛋白、碱性磷酸酶以及最近报道的糖脂类受体的结构、功能、受体与毒素的结合特性、受体基因在离体细胞中的表达特性以及受体基因的突变与害虫对Bt毒素的抗性等方面进行了综述。     

昆虫乙酰胆碱酯酶基因研究进展

对昆虫乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase, AChE,EC 3.1.1.7）的基因结构和表达等方面的研究进展进行了综述。分析了昆虫乙酰胆碱酯酶基因的结构,包括10个外显子的特征。对已经报道的昆虫AChE基因进行了系统归纳,并基于已知全序列的昆虫AChE基因,进行了昆虫AChE基因的分子进化分析。对昆虫AChE基因的结构特点及其功能,以及昆虫AChE基因的活性位点、AChE的变构与昆虫抗药性的关系进行了探讨。最后对昆虫AChE基因研究中存在的问题和前景进行了分析和展望。     

Γ-aminobutyric acid receptors affect the progression and migration of tumor cells

Abstract

Γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a multifunctional molecule found in the nervous system and non-neuronal tissues. GABA receptors combine with GABA molecules and transmit signal stimuli into cells. In addition to traditional neurotransmission and regulation of secretion, GABA and GABA receptors are involved in cell differentiation and proliferation throughout peripheral organs, as well as in tumorigenesis. The exact mechanism of the GABAergic system in regulating tumor development is unclear, but many studies have revealed that GABA receptors exert critical regulative effects on tumor cell proliferation and migration. In this review, the molecular structure, distribution and biological function of GABA receptors associated with tumorigenesis are described. Recent advances in the elucidation of mechanisms underlying GABAergic signaling control over tumor growth are also discussed.     

Advances in research of induced resistance to insects in cotton

Any change in a plant that occurs following herbivory or environmental factors is an induced response. These changes include phytochemical induction, increases in physical defenses, emission of volatiles that attract predators and parasitoids of herbivores, and reduction in plant nutritional quality for herbivores, which is termed induced resistance. Induced resistance has been demonstrated ubiquitously in plants. It is one of our goals to review what is known about the induced resistance to herbivorous insects in cotton, including three resistance secondary metabolites (terpenoid, tannin, and flavonoids) that are contained at any significant levels of resistance to herbivorous insects in cotton cultivates. In many cases, the quantities or quality of secondary metabolites in plant are changed after attacked by insects. This review focuses on induced plant resistance as quantitative or qualitative enhancement of defense mechanism against insect pests, especially on the abiotic-elicitors-induced resistance in cotton plants. The abiotic-elicitor of cupric chloride, an exogenous inorganic compound, may induce the secondary metabolites accumulation and is referred to as a copperinducible elicitor (CIE). Finally, we discuss how copperinducible elicitor may be used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system for cotton resistance control.     

Advances in research of induced resistance to insects in cotton

Any change in a plant that occurs following herbivory or environmental factors is an induced response. These changes include phytochemical induction, increases in physical defenses, emission of volatiles that attract predators and parasitoids of herbivores, and reduction in plant nutritional quality for herbivores, which is termed induced resistance. Induced resistance has been demon-strated ubiquitously in plants. It is one of our goals to review what is known about the induced resistance to herbivorous insects in cotton, including three resistance secondary metabolites (terpenoid, tannin, and flavonoids) that are contained at any significant levels of resistance to herbivorous insects in cotton cultivates. In many cases, the quantities or quality of secondary metabolites in plant are changed after attacked by insects. This review focuses on induced plant resistance as quantitative or qualitative enhancement of defense mechanism against insect pests, especially on the abiotic-elicitors-induced resistance in cotton plants. The abiotic-elicitor of cupric chloride, an exogenous inorganic compound, may induce the second-ary metabolites accumulation and is referred to as a copper-inducible elicitor (CIE). Finally, we discuss how copper-inducible elicitor may be used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system for cotton resistance control.     

Enhancement of diazepam and gamma-aminobutyric acid binding by (+)etomidate and pentobarbital

Abstract: (+) Etomidate and pentobarbital enhance [³H]diazepam and [³H]γ-aminobutyric acid ([³H]GABA) binding to cerebral cortex membranes. Both (+)etomidate and pentobarbital increase the affinity of [³H]diazepam for its binding sites. In contrast, they increase the B _max of both the high- and low-affinity GABA receptor sites. The enhancement of [³H]diazepam and [³H]GABA by (+)etomidate and pentobarbital is blocked by GABA antagonists. These results indicate that hypnotic drugs such as (+)etomidate and pentobarbital, which are not structurally related, modulate diazepam and GABA binding sites via similar mechanisms.     

农业昆虫气味受体功能研究进展

昆虫主要依靠嗅觉系统寻找食物、发现配偶、控制交配、选择产卵地、逃避天敌等,因此嗅觉系统对昆虫的繁殖和生存至关重要.气味受体(odorant receptor,OR)是嗅觉系统中的关键成分之一,可被信息化合物激活引发特定行为产生.随着测序技术的发展,大量的农业昆虫的基因组和转录组被测序,从测序数据中分析获得了它们的OR家...