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1.
Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) are a useful molecular tool for studying species with little available genetic
information; however, since universal primers are used contaminant DNA from non-target organisms may also be amplified. Cambium
tissue may contain fewer biotic contaminants or plant defense chemicals, than the more commonly used leaf tissue, and therefore
be more suitable for use as a source of DNA when using universal primers. On the other hand, cambium tissue can be difficult
to identify, yields low DNA and requires the bark of the tree to be damaged, thereby increasing the risk of introducing disease.
We show that within two tropical tree species, there are few differences between AFLP profiles obtained from either cambium
or leaf tissue from the same tree. We studied 50 Brosimum alicastrum individuals at 119 AFLP loci and 40 Swietenia macrophylla individuals at 112 AFLP loci. The matrix of S?rensen similarity indices between individual AFLP profiles for cambium samples
was strongly correlated to the matrix for leaf samples in each species (Mantel test; B. alicastrum r = 0.815, P < 0.001; S. macrophylla r = 0.895, P < 0.001). The phylogenetic relationship between the trees studied did not differ dependent on tissue type used and therefore
shows that both tissues can be used within a single study without introducing substantial error. 相似文献
2.
3.
Development and characterization of a codominant marker linked to root-knot nematode resistance, and its application to peach rootstock breeding 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Z.-X. Lu K. Sossey-Alaoui G. L. Reighard Wm. V. Baird A. G. Abbott 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,99(1-2):115-122
The presence of a codominant AFLP marker, EAA/MCAT10, correlates with the primary source of resistance to root-knot nematodes
(Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica) in rootstock cultivars of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Two allelic DNA fragments of this AFLP marker were cloned, sequenced and converted to sequence tagged sites
(STS). Four nucleotide differences (i.e. one addition and three substitutions) were observed between the two clones. Furthermore,
there was a diagnostic Sau3 AI cleavage site (GATC) in the large fragment that was absent from the small fragment (GTTC at this site). The applicability
of this STS marker system to peach germplasm improvement was evaluated: genomic DNAs of cross parents (i.e. ‘Lovell’ and ‘Nemared’),
four F1 hybrids (K62-67, K62-68, P101-40 and P101-41) and two F2 populations (from K62-68 and P101-41), as well as DNA from a test panel of 18 rootstock cultivars or selections, were PCR-amplified
with the Mij3F/Mij1R primer pair and then digested with Sau3 AI. The banding patterns showed that the EAA/MCAT10 STS markers can clearly distinguish the three genotypes – homozygous
resistant, heterozygous resistant and homozygous susceptible – in the ‘Lovell’בNemared’ cross. In addition, results from
the rootstock survey were consistent with each rootstock’s phenotypic response to nematode infection, except for ‘Okinawa’,
‘Flordaguard’ and ‘Yunnan’ where root-knot resistance may have arisen independently. Therefore, the EAA/MCAT10 STS markers
will be a useful tool to initiate marker assisted selection studies in peach rootstock breeding for root-knot nematode resistance.
Received: 4 January 1999 / Accepted: 4 January 1999 相似文献
4.
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) offers quick and reliable prediction of the phenotypes of seedlings in large populations and
thus opens new approaches for selection to breeders of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). The development of framework maps enables the discovery of genetic markers linked to desired traits. Although genetic
maps have been reported for apple scion cultivars, none has previously been constructed for apple rootstocks. We report the
construction of framework genetic maps in a cross between ‘M.9’ (‘Malling 9’) and ‘R.5’ (‘Robusta 5’) apple rootstocks. The
maps comprise 224 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 18 sequence-characterised amplified regions, 14 single nucleotide
polymorphisms and 42 random amplified polymorphic DNAs. A new set of 47 polymorphic SSRs was developed from apple EST sequences
and used for construction of this rootstock map. All 17 linkage groups have been identified and aligned to existing apple
genetic maps. The maps span 1,175.7 cM (‘M.9’) and 1,086.7 cM (‘R.5’). To improve the efficiency of mapping markers to this
framework map, we developed a bin mapping set. Applications of these new genetic maps include the elucidation of the genetic
basis of the dwarfing effect of the apple rootstock ‘M.9’ and the analysis of disease and insect resistance traits such as
fire blight (Erwinia amylovora), apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum). Markers for traits mapped in this population will be of direct use to apple breeders for MAS and for identification of
causative genes by map-based cloning. 相似文献
5.
Patrick H. Brown Steven A. Weinbaum Geno A. Picchioni 《Trees - Structure and Function》1995,9(3):158-164
The influence of alternate bearing on nutrient utilization and total tree nutrient content was investigated in mature pistachio
(Pistacia vera L. cv Kerman trees). Removal of N, P and Zn in fruit and abscised leaves of cropping (‘on’) trees averaged 5, 6, and 2 times,
respectively, the removal in abscised leaflets of the non-fruiting, ‘off’ year trees. One hundred and thirty-five kg N, 131
kg K, 86 kg Ca, 39 kg Mg and 18 kg P per hectare were removed in fruits and abscised leaves in ‘on’ year trees. Tree nutrient
contents and, presumably, the size of nutrient storage pools in dormant trees varied between ‘on’ and ‘off’ years. There was
22% and 14% more N and P, respectively, in dormant trees following ‘off’ than ‘on’ years. The greater N and P accumulation
in ‘off’ year trees is depleted in support of the large fruit demand for N and P during ‘on’ years. In contrast to N and P,
there was greater K and Ca accumulation in perennial tree parts during ‘on’ years than during ‘off’ years. The greater K accumulation
in perennial tree parts and approximately 30% greater removal of K in annual organs during ‘on’ than ‘off’ years suggests
that K uptake could be 4 times higher in ‘on’ year trees than in (non-cropping), ‘off’ year trees. 相似文献
6.
Relationship of Pruning and Growth Morphology with Hormone Ratios in Shoots of Pillar and Standard Peach Trees 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Genotype and cultural management determine the shape of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batch] tree canopies in orchards. Not well understood, however, is the relationship between terminal growth, lateral
branching, and shoot hormone levels that can fundamentally affect tree canopy development. In this experiment, two peach cultivars
with widely differing growth habits (Pillar, KV930479 and Standard, ‘Harrow Beauty’) were budded on ‘Lovell’ rootstock, planted
in the field in 1998, and characterized for shoot morphology and hormone concentrations in 2002 and 2003 (the fourth and fifth
leaf, respectively). Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) and cytokinins (largely trans-zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin riboside, and
isopentenyladenosine) were measured in shoot tips (2002) and current-year shoots (2003) using mass spectrometry. In 2002,
Pillar trees had less sylleptic branching, more upright growth, and higher auxin and auxin-to-cytokinin ratios than Standard
trees. In Pillar trees in 2003, auxin concentrations and shoot growth were highest in current year shoots; in pruned trees,
only auxin levels increased. Peach tree growth habits may be the result of altered hormone metabolism. Growth forms leading
to superior production efficiency may be developed by selection based on specific target hormone concentrations and ratios. 相似文献
7.
L. Verdoodt A. Van Haute I. J. Goderis K. De Witte J. Keulemans W. Broothaerts 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(2):294-300
To obtain homozygous genotypes of apple, we have induced haploid development of either the female or the male gametes by
parthenogenesis in situ and anther culture, respectively. Of the shoots obtained, which were mainly of a non-haploid nature,
some could be derived from fertilised egg cells or from sporophytic anther tissue. In order to select the shoots having a
true haploid origin, and thus homozygotes, we decided to use the single multi-allelic self-incompatibility gene as a molecular
marker to discriminate homozygous from heterozygous individuals. The rationale behind this approach was that diploid apple
cultivars contain 2 different alleles of the S-gene and therefore the haploid induced shoots obtained from them should have only one of the alleles of the single parent.
The parental cultivars used were ‘Idared’ (parthenogenesis in situ) and ‘Braeburn’ (androgenesis), and their S-genotypes were known, except for 1 of the ‘Braeburn’S-alleles. To stimulate parthenogenetic development ‘Idared’ styles were pollinated with irradiated ‘Baskatong’ pollen, the
S-alleles of the latter (2n) cultivar were also unknown. The cloning and sequence analysis of these 3 unidentified S-alleles, 1 from ‘Braeburn’ and 2 from ‘Baskatong’ is described, and we show that they correspond to the S
24
-, S
26
- and S
27
-alleles. We have optimised a method for analysis of the S-alleles of ‘Idared/Baskatong’- or ‘Braeburn’-derived in vitro plant tissues and have shown that this approach can be applied
for the screening of the in vitro shoots for their haploid origin.
Received: 18 August 1997 / Accepted: 10 September 1997 相似文献
8.
Effects of exogenous B supply on growth, B accumulation and distribution of two navel orange cultivars 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ou Sheng Shang W. Song Yun J. Chen Shu A. Peng Xiu X. Deng 《Trees - Structure and Function》2009,23(1):59-68
To investigate the effects of boron (B) on growth, B concentration and distribution of two navel orange cultivars, ‘Newhall’
(Citrus sinensis Osbeck) and ‘Skagg’s Bonanza’ (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) grafted on the rootstock trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], B at five levels was exogenously supplied to 1-year-old grafted plants of both cultivars under greenhouse conditions.
Plants were grown in sand:perlite (1:1, v/v) medium and were irrigated every 2 days with half-strength Hoagland’s No. 2 nutrient
solutions containing different B, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.25 and 2.50 mg l−1 (0.25 and 2.50 mg l−1 were considered as control and excess B treatment, respectively, and the other three B levels were considered as low B treatments).
After treatments for 183 days, leaves (from basal, middle, upper parts of the shoots), stem of scion, stem of rootstock and
root were separately sampled. Our results showed that plant growth (plant height, root volume and dry weights of various parts)
was inhibited in response to low or excess B supplies in both cultivars. It was found that B concentrations in the upper leaves
of both cultivars were substantially higher than those in the basal leaves when low concentrations (≤0.05 mg l−1) of exogenous B were applied, suggesting that B was preferentially translocated to the upper-younger leaves to support their
growth. Analysis of B distribution in different parts indicated that translocation of B from the root to the scion’s shoots
(stems and leaves of scion) may be restricted upon exposure to low B conditions. When B was inadequately supplied, growth
of ‘Skagg’s Bonanza’ was better than ‘Newhall’, implying that the former cultivar was more tolerant to low B status, which
may be due to the higher efficiency of B translocation from the root to the scion’s shoots. However, when the plants were
treated with excess B (2.50 mg l−1), both cultivars showed a similar degree of B toxicity. The probability of scion–rootstock interactions in relation to the
differential responses of growth and different efficiency of B translocation involved in the two orange cultivars following
the long-term low B stress were discussed. 相似文献
9.
L. Hartl S. Seefelder 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(1):112-116
The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to assay eight hop cultivars. The application of fluorescent-labelled
primers proved to be a valuable tool and substituted radiolabelling. Digestion with the enzymes EcoRI/ MseI and amplification with primers having three selective bases at the 3’end resulted in distinct banding patterns for imaging
with a fluorescent scanner. A total of 523 AFLP fragments derived from eight primer combinations were analysed. On average,
18 polymorphisms per combination were displayed. The Saazer “noble” hop cultivars ‘Saazer’, ‘Tettnanger’ and ‘Spalter’ could
not be discriminated. The lowest genetic similarity (GS) between lines was computed for the bitter hops ‘Hallertauer Magnum’
and ‘Wye Target’: GS value of 0.89. The high level of genetic similarity of the analysed hop cultivars is discussed.
Received: 11 August 1997 / Accepted: 22 August 1997 相似文献
10.
Identification of closely related citrus cultivars with inter-simple sequence repeat markers 总被引:86,自引:0,他引:86
D. Q. Fang M. L. Roose 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(3):408-417
Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers generated by 22 primers were tested for their ability to distinguish among samples
from 94 trees of 68 citrus cultivars. Within each of the six cultivar groups studied, most of these cultivars are so closely
related that they are difficult to distinguish by other molecular-marker techniques. ISSR markers involve PCR amplification
of DNA using a single primer composed of a microsatellite sequence anchored at the 3′ or 5′ end by 2–4 arbitrary, often degenerate,
nucleotides. The amplification products were separated on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels and detected by silver staining.
ISSR banding profiles were very repeatable on duplicate samples. Different citrus species had very different fingerprint patterns.
Within Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and C. paradisi Macf., in which all cultivars have originated by the selection of mutants, ISSR markers distinguished 14 of 33 sweet orange
and 1 of 7 grapefruit cultivars. Five of six lemon cultivars were discriminated by ISSR markers. Many differences were found
among mandarin cultivars; however, all five satsuma cultivars analyzed had identical ISSR fingerprints. Four of five citrange
cultivars were distinguishable, but ‘Troyer’ and ‘Carrizo’ had identical ISSR fingerprints. ‘Kuharske Carrizo’ citrange, which
has better citrus nematode resistance than other ‘Carrizo’ citrange accessions, had unique ISSR fingerprints. Three ISSR markers
that differentiated certain sweet orange cultivars were hybridized to Southern blots of sweet orange DNA digested with different
restriction endonucleases. The sweet orange cultivars tested could be distinguished by these ISSR-derived RFLP markers. Moreover,
one ISSR marker unique to ‘Ruby’ blood orange was observed in its progeny trees.
Received: 9 September 1996 / Accepted: 4 April 1997 相似文献
11.
When an indigenous insect becomes a pest, comparisons of performance of pest and non-pest populations on crop plants and of
genetic variation in that performance may provide insight into the evolution of pest populations. To measure such genetic
variation, 8–15 clones of the grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) were collected from wild grapevines in each of 3 geographically isolated sites (populations) and from commercial vineyards
in northern California. A complete life table was made for clonal replicates from populations collected from wild grapevines
on each of two commercial grape cultivars, the susceptibleVitis vinifera (L.) cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon, and the phylloxera-resistant rootstock ‘AxR # 1’. Variation in mean performance on these
two hosts was partitioned among clones within collection sites and among sites. Performance measures included an individual
analog to the intrinsic rate of increase (r), age at first oviposition, fecundity in the first ten days of reproduction, total fecundity, and longevity. The overall
performance of phylloxera from the wild grapevines on the resistant cultivar AxR # 1 was greater than or equal to that on
the susceptible cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon. There was significant variation among clones within populations from wild grapes
in the rate of increase on ‘AxR # 1’ and marginally significant clonal variation in some of the component paramters. There
was no significant variation among clones within populations on ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and no significant differences between
populations on either crop in any trait.
In a second experiment we compared the relative performance of 15–17 clones from wild grapevines and from commercial vineyards
when reared on ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘AxR # 1’. Phylloxera from commercial vineyards had much higher overall performance
on ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ than did phylloxera from the wild grapevines. Phylloxera from the commercial vineyard also had higher
performance on ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ than on ‘AxR′ 1’ but the performance of the phylloxera from wild and commercial grapes
did not differ on ‘AxR # 1’.
Our results show that there is genetic variation in traits related to performance on a resistant rootstock within these indigenous
non-pest populations of phylloxera, but not among them. The pattern of performance of pest and non-pest populations on two
commercial cultivars suggests that current levels of phylloxera performance on crop cultivars are the result of adaptation
to those cultivars which has occurred while phylloxera has been associated with viticulture. Implications of these results
for understanding the recent adaptation of phylloxera to ‘AxR # 1’ in California are also discussed. 相似文献
12.
Visual inspections of elm trees in south Moravia in 1997–2007 revealed a rare occurrence of plants with smaller and cowl-forming
leaves on some twigs, i.e. a feature resembling witches’-broom disease observed on the end of twigs. The presence of phytoplasma-like bodies was observed
by transmission electron microscopy of phloem tissue. On the other hand, no phytoplasmas were found in asymptomatic trees.
Nucleic acids extracted from these plants were used in nested-PCR assays with primers amplifying 16S rRNA sequences specific
for phytoplasmas. Sequence analyses of the 16S–23S ribosomal operon (1852 bp) allowed for the classification of the detected
phytoplasmas in the elm yellows group, but its position remained on the boundary of the 16SrV-A and 16SrV-C ribosomal subgroups.
Sequence analyses of the ribosomal protein of the rpl22-rps3 and secY genes lead to further classification and revealed the phytoplasmas’ affiliations to the ‘Candidates Phytoplasma ulmi’. Some exceptions in unique oligonucleotide sequences defined for ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi’ were found in the Czech isolate. This is the northernmost confirmed occurrence of phytoplasma on elm trees
within Europe. 相似文献
13.
The comparative performance of vegetative propagules (VP) grafted on ‘M. 9’ rootstock and own-rooted (OR) seedlings of the
same genotypes was investigated for apple [Malus x domestica (Borkh.)] fruit quality traits using offspring from 22 control-pollinated families. Fifteen fruit quality traits including
fruit size and shape, skin colour, russet and sensory eating characteristics were evaluated for individual seedlings. Estimates
of genetic variance–covariance matrices (G) were obtained and compared between the two treatments (OR versus VP) using Mantel’s test and regression approaches. Empirical
estimates of correlations, at the individual-tree and family-mean levels, between the two treatments were compared with those
obtained from deterministic simulations. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability (h
2) were higher in the VP population than in the OR population for 11 of the 15 traits. The estimated G matrices were significantly different between the two treatments. Simulation study showed that with an increase in the total
genetic variance, the correspondence between the two treatments at the family-mean level improved dramatically for different
family sizes. As the ratio of dominance/additive variance increased from 0 to 1, the family-mean correlations between the
two treatments decreased for all family sizes. The average estimated correlations between the two treatments at the family-mean
level were higher than at the individual-tree level (0.78 and 0.42, respectively). These observed correlations were very similar
to our theoretical expectations. In the light of these results, caution is required when comparing apple seedlings tested
on their own roots with those tested on ‘M. 9’ rootstock, as potential cultivar breeding parents. 相似文献
14.
Sibylle Stoeckli Karsten Mody Andrea Patocchi Markus Kellerhals Silvia Dorn 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(1):257-267
The aim of this study was to assess the genetic basis of rust mite (Aculus schlechtendali) resistance in apple (Malus × domestica). A. schlechtendali infestation of apple trees has increased as a consequence of reduced side effects of modern fungicides on rust mites. An
analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) was carried out using linkage map data available for F1 progeny plants of the cultivars ‘Fiesta’ × ‘Discovery’. Apple trees representing 160 different genotypes were surveyed for
rust mite infestation, each at three different sites in two consecutive years. The distribution of rust mites on the individual
apple genotypes was aggregated and significantly affected by apple genotype and site. We identified two QTLs for A. schlechtendali resistance on linkage group 7 of ‘Fiesta’. The AFLP marker E35M42-0146 (20.2 cM) and the RAPD marker AE10-400 (45.8 cM) were
closest positioned to the QTLs and explained between 11.0% and 16.6% of the phenotypic variability. Additionally, putative
QTLs on the ‘Discovery’ chromosomes 4, 5 and 8 were detected. The SSR marker Hi03a10 identified to be associated to one of
the QTLs (AFLP marker E35M42-0146) was traced back in the ‘Fiesta’ pedigree to the apple cultivar ‘Wagener’. This marker may
facilitate the breeding of resistant apple cultivars by marker assisted selection. Furthermore, the genetic background of
rust mite resistance in existing cultivars can be evaluated by testing them for the identified SSR marker.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
15.
Summary Use of lysozyme was tested for treatment of bacterial contaminations in in vitro shoot cultures of quince (Cydonia oblonga) ‘BA 29’ and the hybrid (Prunus persica × P. amygdalus) rootstock ‘GF 677’. Shoots which had been contaminated for about 1 yr by Bacillus circulans and Sphingomonas paucimobilis were treated in liquid culture, at pH 4.5, with 9–36 mg ml−1 egg white lysozyme (EWL), and compared to each other and to untreated cultures for their growth, proliferation, and number
of bacterial colony-forming units in the tissues. EWL did not negatively affect shoot growth up to 18 mg ml−1; furthermore, the proliferation rates of EWL-treated shoots were sometimes higher than those of controls. In contrast, the
concentration of 36 mg ml−1 had some deleterious effect on the regrowth capacity and shoot production of ‘GF 677’ at the first subculture to solid medium
after EWL, treatments. EWL had a simple bacteriostatic effect against Sphingomonas paucimobilis; in contrast, it was effective at 18 mg ml−1 in eliminating Bacillus circulans in both ‘BA 29’ and ‘GF 677’ cultures, after optimal treatment duration. 相似文献
16.
Localization of the rice stripe disease resistance gene, Stv-bi, by graphical genotyping and linkage analyses with molecular markers 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Y. Hayano-Saito T. Tsuji K. Fujii K. Saito M. Iwasaki A. Saito 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(8):1044-1049
We used graphical genotyping and linkage analyses with molecular markers to determine the chromosomal location of the rice
stripe disease resistance gene, Stv-b
i
. The stripe resistance gene from the indica rice (Oryza sativa) cv ‘Modan’ was introgressed into several Japanese rice varieties. We found 4 RFLP markers in ‘Modan’, five susceptible parental
rice varieties (‘Norin No. 8’, ‘Sachihikari’, ‘Kanto No. 98’, ‘Hokuriku No.103’ and ‘Koganebare’) and four resistant progeny
varieties (‘St. No. 1’, ‘Aichi No. 6’, ‘Aoisora’ and ‘Asanohikari’). Graphical genotyping of the resistant progeny revealed
a chromosomal segment ascribable to ‘Modan’ and associated with stripe resistance. The chromosomal segment from ‘Modan’ was
located at 35.85 cM on chromosome 11. Linkage analysis using 120 F2 individuals from a cross between ‘Koshihikari’ (susceptible) and ‘Asanohikari’ (resistant) revealed another 8 RFLP markers
in the same chromosome. We performed a bioassay for rice stripe resistance in F3 lines of the F2 individuals using infective small brown planthoppers and identified an 1.8-cM segment harboring the rice stripe disease resistance
gene, Stv-b
i
, between XNpb220 and XNpb257/ XNpb254. Furthermore, Stv-b
i
was linked by 0.0 cM to a RFLP marker, ST10, which was developed on the basis of the results of RAPD analysis. These DNA
markers near the Stv-b
i
locus may be useful in marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning of the Stv-b
i
gene.
Received: 26 September 1997 / Accepted: 4 November 1997 相似文献
17.
Fingerprinting trifoliate orange germ plasm accessions with isozymes, RFLPs, and inter-simple sequence repeat markers 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
D. Q. Fang M. L. Roose R. R. Krueger C. T. Federici 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(1-2):211-219
Trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] is frequently used as a parent in citrus rootstock breeding, but the origin and amount of genetic diversity in
germ plasm collections are poorly understood. Most accessions are self-compatible, but produce a mixture of sexual and apomictic
seedlings. Variation among 48 vegetatively propagated trifoliate orange accessions was assessed at seven isozyme loci, together
with the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected by 38 probe-enzyme combinations and the inter-simple sequence
repeat (ISSR) markers generated by 11 primers. Isozymes and RFLPs detected few polymorphisms among accessions, although genetic
analysis has shown that the common phenotype is heterozygous for four isozyme and at least four RFLP loci. ISSR amplification
generated multiple banding profiles with an average of 58 fragments/primer/accession. These fragments were repeatable across
DNA samples extracted from different trees of the same accession or extracted at different times, and across separate PCR
runs. Seventeen unique marker phenotypes were identified. The 48 trifoliate orange accessions were classified into four major
groups based on polymorphic ISSR markers. All large-flowered accessions are in group 4, while small-flowered accessions are
in group 3. Many ISSR markers segregated in progeny derived by open-pollination (probably mostly selfing) of a common accession,
indicating that these ISSR markers are also heterozygous. Accessions having identical genotypes for a large number of heterozygous
markers are unlikely to have diverged by recombination. Thus the limited divergence we detected among most accessions most
likely originated by mutation. ‘Monoembryonic’ and ‘Simmons’ differed from other accessions only in the loss of specific markers,
indicating that they originated as zygotic seedlings of individuals similar to the common genotype. Three accessions recently
introduced from China have relatively different fingerprints with 3–14 unique ISSR markers, and probably represent a much
more divergent germ plasm that may be a valuable breeding resource.
Received: 8 August 1996 / Accepted: 21 March 1997 相似文献
18.
A. Gallois J. C. Audran M. Burrus 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(1-2):211-219
We assessed the genetic relationships between members of the Fagaceae family by RAPDs in order to better ascertain the taxonomic status of a very particular population of Fagus sylvatica, the ‘tortuosa’ variety. Intra- and inter-population Nei and Li’s mean genetic distances were compared, and the genetic relationships
between individuals were clarified on dendrograms by the Neighbor joining method. RAPD analysis was first conducted on three
species from three genera, Quercus petraea, Castanea sativa, and Fagus sylvatica, in order to develop an efficient RAPD protocol. The variety level was then studied, and a general tendency of the individuals
to cluster by variety was observed. Individuals also clustered by geographic locations, but the genetic distances between
populations were not correlated to the distances between sites. Finally, we compared the common beech and ‘tortuosa’ varieties
from two different locations, Verzy and Süntel. Both populations from one location were closer than the same variety from
two sites. This last result is in agreement with those previously obtained with isozymes. Hypotheses concerning the origin
of the ‘tortuosa’ variety are discussed.
Received: 9 January 1998 / Accepted: 25 February 1998 相似文献
19.
Betelvine (Piper betle L., family Piperaceae) is an important, traditional and widely cultivated crop of India. The cultivators and consumers recognize
more than 100 cultivars (landraces) based on regional and organoleptic considerations, while in terms of phytochemical constituents
only five groups have been identified for all the landraces. Since betelvine is an obligate vegetatively propagated species,
genomic changes, if any, may have become ‘fixed’ in the landraces. We carried out random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
analysis in several landraces considered in four groups, namely, ‘Kapoori’, ‘Bangla’, ‘Sanchi’ and ‘Others’ in order to ascertain their genetic diversity. On the basis of the data from eleven RAPD primers, we distinguished genetic
variation within and among the four groups of landraces. The results indicate the’Kapoori’ group is the most diverse. The neighbour joining (NJ) tree after a bootstrap (500 replicate) test of robustness clearly shows
the four groups to be well separated. Interestingly, all known male or female betelvine landraces have separated in the NJ
tree indicating an apparent gender-based distinction among the betelvines. 相似文献
20.
RFLP and RAPD markers linked to the rosy leaf curling aphid resistance gene (Sd1) in apple 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
P. Roche F. H. Alston C. Maliepaard K. M. Evans R. Vrielink F. Dunemann T. Markussen S. Tartarini L. M. Brown C. Ryder G. J. King 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,94(3-4):528-533
Sd
1 is a dominant gene for resistance to biotypes 1 and 2 of the rosy leaf curling aphid, Dysaphis devecta Wlk., which can cause economic damage to apple trees. This report describes the identification of three RFLP and four RAPD
markers linked to Sd
1 in a cross between the D. devecta susceptible variety ‘Prima’ (sd
1
sd
1) and the resistant variety ‘Fiesta’ (Sd
1
sd
1). Potted trees were artificially infested in the glasshouse, and the ratio of resistant:susceptible plants supported the
hypothesis that the resistance was under the control of a single dominant gene. The position of the gene was mapped to a single
locus on a ‘Fiesta’ chromosome, within 2 cM of three tightly linked RFLP markers (MC064a, 2B12a and MC029b); the four RAPD
markers were located further away (between 13 and 46 cM). This is the first report of molecular markers for an aphid resistance
gene in tree fruit crops. The potential application of these markers in a marker-assisted resistance breeding programme is
discussed.
Received: 1 July 1996/Accepted: 23 August 1996 相似文献