Frequencies of ABO, Rh and Kell phenotypes in couples from Han, Kazak, Uyghur and Hui in Xinjiang: an inheritance simulation model for blood group incompatibility in new-born

The Xinjiang region with residents from more than 13 minorities represents an area of many diverse ethnicities. This ethnic diversity in relation to their blood groups and immune status may have a consequential impact on the clinical status of married couples. To evaluate the risks of haemolytic disease in new-born infants, we investigated the rate of blood-group incompatibility among 487 married couples from four ethnic minorities, namely the Han, Hui, Uyghur and Kazak populations. Han minority married couples showed significantly different ABO, Rh and K phenotype frequencies between marrial relationship, whereas there was no significant difference in ABO, Rh and K phenotypes between the Uyghur, Hui and Kazak .There was a significant difference between ABO blood types in Han married couples, in the Kazak Rh-C phenotype and in the Uyghur Rh-D phenotype. The Hui married couples only demonstrated ABO, Rh and K phenotypes. The Hui minority showed the highest incompatibility rate for Rh-C and Rh-E phenotypes between mothers and their new-born infants. The highest incompatibility rate for the ABO phenotype occurred in the Kazak group. These results particularly demonstrate the clinical issues relating to ABO and Rh incompatibility, in the Kazak and Hui minorities, respectively.     

Study of five haemogenetic markers (Gc, C3, Bf, Ag, and GALT) in six Indonesian populations and in 12 subgroups of Balinese

In various ethnic groups of the Indonesian archipelago and of Bali, the polymorphisms of the serum proteins Gc globulin (vitamin D-binding protein), C3 (complement component 3), Bf (complement factor B), Ag x,y (lipoprotein allotypes), and of the red cell enzyme system GALT (galactose-1P-uridyltransferase) were analysed. Among the studied proteins, the Gc system was the most informative one for the anthropologist. Besides considerable differences of frequencies of the common alleles Gc*1F, Gc*1S and Gc*2, a number of rare alleles (1A1, 1A3, 1A8, 1A9, 1A12, 1C2, 1C21, 1C24, and 2C8) and some new ones (1C28, 1C29, 1C30, 2C9) were observed. The presence of Gc*1A1 demonstrates the relationship to the Australo-Melanesian populations, but Mongolian variants (1A3, 1A8, 1A9, 1C2) were also encountered. Within the C3 system a very high frequency of the C3*S allele was observed in all populations. The rare alleles C3*F0.55, C3S1, and C3*S0.5 were observed in some groups. A new allele (C3*F0.35) was detected in a Chinese individual and in a nobleman from Bali. The frequency of the Bf*F allele was rather low in general, and the Bf*S0.7 allele was found in three Indonesian individuals only. The Ag*(x) frequencies were rather high, as it is known for Asiatic populations. Variability among subgroups was not very pronounced. The GALT*2 allele (Duarte variant of the enzyme) was observed very rarely; however, it was present in several populations. Enzyme activities could not be determined, and therefore we cannot tell whether the galactosaemia gene (GALT*0) was present or not.     

ABO blood groups in medieval remains (Ras,Novi Pazar,X-XII A.D.)

Bone samples from a medieval cemetery (Ras, Novi Pazar, Serbia, X-XII A.D.) were serologically examined in order to determine ABO blood groups. The frequency of the AB blood group was much higher in the inhabitants of the medieval Ras than in the inhabitants of the Ras region of the 20th century. On the other hand, the incidence of the O blood group was smaller in the Ras population of the early Middle Ages. It was assumed that migrations which took place in that part of the Balkan Peninsula and Serbia influenced the distribution of ABO blood groups.     

海南岛地区各民族ABO、MN血型之研究

本文提供海南岛地区各民族血型资料。血型分析认为该岛各民族处于遗传平衡状态,其相互间是婚配隔离的。通过ABO血型的分布,重点讨论了黎族与仲家人、傣族的遗传关系。并从MN血型的分布特点,探讨我国南方民族与南亚地区的人种联系。     

Association of whole blood metals/metalloids with severity in sepsis patients: A prospective,single-center,pilot study

BackgroundTrace metals/metalloids were important for the biological functions of both the eukaryotic host and the microorganism. Their concentrations and variations may associate with the critical illness in sepsis, which still needs to be investigated.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study on the patients with sepsis admitted to Tongji hospital (Wuhan, China) from Jul 01 to Dec 31, 2021. Sepsis was diagnosed in accordance with the third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). The concentrations of metals/metalloids including magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), thallium (Tl) and lead (Pb) in whole blood were analyzed by ICP-MS based methods.ResultsCompared to the healthy controls, patients with sepsis showed higher levels of Ca, Cr and Cu, and lower levels of Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, As, Hg and Pb. Further analysis between the critical illness and noncritical illness, revealed the Mn, Fe were significantly lower in the critically-ill sepsis. The longitudinal profile of the two metals show the differences appeared to exist almost throughout the clinical course. By performing the binary regression logistic analysis, we determined the Fe, Mn as independently risk factors for critical illness in sepsis, with effect sizes (β) of 17.14 (95%CI: 1.79–163.81) and 10.83 (1.96–59.83), respectively, which collectively discriminated 83.3% of all cases between critical-illness and non-critically illness.ConclusionsThe variations of whole blood metals/metalloids were associated with the critically-ill sepsis.     

A microagglutination test for blood typing rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta

Summary. We have developed a microagglutination test for typing rhesus monkey erythrocytes that is sensitive, accurate and easy to perform. The technique requires only μ1 quantities of antiserum and cells, and agglutination is easily detected using an inverted microscope. An advantage of this technique is that the typing plates can be stored at -70°C without loss of activity. The results of typing over 400 rhesus blood samples with this technique were 95% concordant with results using the standard microtitre agglutination technique. Preliminary results indicate that this test is also adaptable to typing human blood.     

华北地区汉族的Lewis、ABO、MN、Rh、P等血型系统和ABH分泌型的分布

调查了原籍华北地区汉族的ABO、Lewis、MN、Rh、P等血型系统和ABH分泌型的分布,结果表明:O型(33.44％)和B型(29.38％)较多;N型(27.97％)略多于M型(27.65％);Le(a )型的频率很高(24.17％)。在94人中还发现四名Le(a )型属于ABH分泌型,且都属于分泌A或B血型物质的类型,无一例为分泌H血型物质的类型;Rh(D)阴性率仅0.3％,CCDee和CcDE型占75％以上;P_1( )型占39.1％;ABH分泌型占72％,低于全国其他民族中已知的分布。     

A morphological and cytochemical study of erythrocytes, thrombocytes and leukocytes in four freshwater teleosts

Erythrocytes, thrombocytes and leukocytes morphology and cytochemical staining were studied in big head carp Aristichthys nobilis , oscar Astronotus ocellatus , traíra Hoplias malabaricus and lambari Astyanax bimaculatus . Reticulocytes contained a granular material similar to residual RNA following staining with brilliant cresyl blue. Neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were morphologically similar in all the four species. Thrombocytes were present in all the four species and were predominantly fusiform, whereas eosinophils occurred only in A. ocellatus . Aristichthys nobilis contained a leukocyte with unstained granules following Romanowsky-type staining, which stained intensely with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Glycogen granules were present in thrombocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils but not in monocytes or lymphocytes. Peroxidase staining was observed in neutrophils of A. ocellatus , H. malabaricus and A. bimaculatus but not in A. nobilis . Monocytes of A. ocellatus , H. malabaricus and A. bimaculatus stained positively for non-specific esterase, whereas those of A. nobilis did not stain. Thrombocytes and leukocytes in all four species were negative for alkaline phosphatase. Neutrophils of A. ocellatus and H. malabaricus may be involved in respiratory burst and may play an important microbicidal role.     

Molecular modeling of glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of blood group A,blood group B,Forssman, and iGb3 antigens and their interaction with substrates

A terminal alpha1-3 linked Gal or GalNAc sugar residue is the common structure found in several oligosaccharide antigens, such as blood groups A and B, the xeno-antigen, the Forssman antigen, and the isogloboside 3 (iGb3) glycolipid. The enzymes involved in the addition of this residue display strong amino acid sequence similarities, suggesting a common fold. From a recently solved crystal structure of the bovine alpha3-galactosyltransferase complexed with UDP, homology modeling methods were used to build the four other enzymes of this family in their locked conformation. Nucleotide-sugars, the Mn2+ ion, and oligosaccharide acceptors were docked in the models. Nine different amino acid regions are involved in the substrate binding sites. After geometry optimization of the complexes and analysis of the predicted structures, the basis of the specificities can be rationalized. In the nucleotide-sugar binding site, the specificity between Gal or GalNAc transferase activity is due to the relative size of two clue amino acids. In the acceptor site, the presence of up to three tryptophan residues define the complexity of the oligosaccharide that can be specifically recognized. The modeling study helps in rationalizing the crystallographic data obtained in this family and provides insights on the basis of substrate and donor recognition.     

A new reagent which may be used to introduce sulfhydryl groups into proteins, and its use in the preparation of conjugates for immunoassay

A synthesis of the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of S-acetylthioacetic acid is described. This material is stable when stored dry and has advantages over the currently available reagents used to introduce sulfhydryl groups into a variety of proteins. Proteins modified with this reagent can be used to prepare conjugates for enzyme immunoassay. The conjugation techniques described cause little or no loss of either enzyme activity or antibody titer and function, and the conjugates contain little polymeric material.     

A comparative study of the anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiangiogenic, and antiadhesive activities of nine different fucoidans from brown seaweeds

The anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, anticoagulant, and antiadhesive properties of fucoidans obtained from nine species of brown algae were studied in order to examine the influence of fucoidan origin and composition on their biological activities. All fucoidans inhibited leucocyte recruitment in an inflammation model in rats, and neither the content of fucose and sulfate nor other structural features of their polysaccharide backbones significantly affected the efficacy of fucoidans in this model. In vitro evaluation of P-selectin-mediated neutrophil adhesion to platelets under flow conditions revealed that only polysaccharides from Laminaria saccharina, L. digitata, Fucus evanescens, F. serratus, F. distichus, F. spiralis, and Ascophyllum nodosum could serve as P-selectin inhibitors. All fucoidans, except that from Cladosiphon okamuranus carrying substantial levels of 2-O-alpha-D-glucuronopyranosyl branches in the linear (1-->3)-linked poly-alpha-fucopyranoside chain, exhibited anticoagulant activity as measured by activated partial thromboplastin time whereas only fucoidans from L. saccharina, L. digitata, F. serratus, F. distichus, and F. evanescens displayed strong antithrombin activity in a platelet aggregation test. The last fucoidans potently inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tubulogenesis in vitro and this property correlated with decreased levels of plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 in HUVEC supernatants, suggesting a possible mechanism of fucoidan-induced inhibition of tubulogenesis. Finally, fucoidans from L. saccharina, L. digitata, F. serratus, F. distichus, and F. vesiculosus strongly blocked MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell adhesion to platelets, an effect which might have critical implications in tumor metastasis. The data presented herein provide a new rationale for the development of potential drugs for thrombosis, inflammation, and tumor progression.     

海南岛尖峰岭吸血蚊、蠓的研究

1992～1993年在尖峰岭热带雨林采获11种库蠓和1种蠛蠓,其中含3个新种和3种国内库蠓新记录;采获蚊类4属9种,骚扰阿蚊和白纹伊蚊是该地区优势种,分别占捕获总数的52．46％和30．05％。昼夜观察发现,骚扰阿蚊的活动高峰在6：30～7：30和18：30。白纹伊蚊活动高峰时间为6：30和16：30。     

The effect of selected basic dyes on the blood cells,in particular,the basophils,of the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas

It was determined by means of light and electron microscopy that the granular blood cells of Pacific oysters could absorb basic dyes from dye-coated plastic beads injected into the mantles of oysters; in doing so, the granular blood cells became altered morphologically and behaviorally. In addition, it was observed that oysters could absorb the basic dye, toluidine blue O, in low concentration from sea water. It was shown that the absorption of toluidine blue O caused a shift in the blood cell levels of oysters, and it was suggested that this shift was occasioned by the absorption of toluidine blue O by granulocytes.     

Blood pressure in relation to dietary calcium intake, alcohol consumption, blood lead, and blood cadmium in female nonsmokers

The interrelationship of dietary calcium (Ca) intake, alcohol consumption, blood lead (BPb), blood cadmium (BCd), age, and body mass index (BMI) to blood pressure was examined in 267 peasant women 40-85 years of age. They were residents of two rural areas in Croatia and differed with regard to dietary Ca intake: 100 women with low Ca intake (approximately 450 mg/day) and 167 women with relatively high Ca intake (approximately 940 mg/day). All of the women were nonsmokers and consumed very little or no alcohol. Median and range BPb values were 74 (29-251) microg/L in women with low Ca intake and 59 (21-263) microg/L in women with high Ca intake (p < 0.0002), whereas corresponding BCd values were 0.6 (0.2-3.6) microg/L and 0.6 (0.3-4.5) microg/L (p > 0.10). Results of multiple regression showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in systolic blood pressure with age, BMI, and BCd, and marginally with alcohol consumption (multiple r = 0.48, p < 10(- 6)). An increase in diastolic blood pressure was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with BMI, age, and residence area (i.e., it was higher in women with low Ca intake), and marginally with BCd, and alcohol consumption (multiple r = 0.38, p < 10(-6)) When the two groups of women with different Ca intake were subdivided into consumers and nonconsumers of alcohol, BPb was related positively to alcohol consumption and inversely to Ca intake. The highest BPb was found in the subgroup of alcohol consumers with low Ca intake, and the lowest BPb in the subgroup of nonconsumers with high Ca intake: 78 (42-251) microg/L and 51 (22-192) microg/L, respectively (p < 10(-8)). Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the former subgroup as compared to the latter: 95 (72-130) mm Hg and 90 (60-120) mm Hg, respectively (p < 0.05). This cannot be explained by age, BMI, or BCd, which were comparable in the two subgroups. The results indicate that alcohol consumption and low Ca intake can increase BPb, which may significantly contribute to an increase in diastolic blood pressure in female nonsmokers even at relatively low-level Pb exposure.     

A study of chromium in human cataractous lenses and whole blood of diabetics,senile, and normal population

Chromium (Cr) is of known biological importance, necessary for the maintenance of normal glucose metabolism. There is a lower level of blood Cr concentrations in cases of diabetes. Diabetes carries a risk of cataract development, so the potential effects of Cr on the eye may need to be studied in more depth. The presence of this trace element in both normal and cataractous human lenses has to our knowledge not been investigated so far. The concentration of total Cr in 61 human lenses and 38 blood samples was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman effect (EAASZ). Analysis of the levels of Cr in human lenses shows a significant difference between normal and diabetic populations, and an absence of difference between senile and diabetic populations.     

Interdependency of the oxidizability of lipoproteins and peroxidase activity with base excess, HCO3, pH and magnesium in human venous and capillary blood

As continuous production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species is a normal metabolic process, increased metabolism during exercise/workload should increase free radical generation and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress intensity should then depend on the intensity of metabolic stress effects. Intensity of stress is usually reflected in norepinephrine (NE) levels, which correlate linearly and significantly with changes in blood gases, blood buffer systems, blood electrolytes, blood glucose and lactate [Porta, S., Leitner, G., Heidinger, D., Lang, T., Weiss, U., Smolle, K.H., Hasiba, K., 1997. Magnesium w?hrend der Alpinausbildung bringt um 30% bessere Energieverwertung. Magnesium-Bulletin 19(2), 59-61]. Those parameters were used in an open study design to screen 64 subjects for metabolic stress effects along with their antioxidative capacity using both venous and capillary blood. To compare venous and capillary blood, we took venous blood samples from 12 healthy volunteers and capillary blood from 52 other healthy subjects. To show whether free radical changes indeed go along with metabolic stress effects, we tried to quantify relations between metabolic stress effects and oxidative stress by linear correlations. In conclusion, both venous and capillary blood are suitable for determining at least those parameters of the oxidative state that we used. All significant correlations of peroxidase activity and oxidation lag time (OLT) with pH, bicarbonate (HCO3), base excess (BE) and magnesium (Mg) indicate that free radical production increases with metabolism. Those relationships could help to evaluate the oxidative state more precisely.     

CMAH genotyping survey for blood types A,B and C (AB) in purpose‐bred cats

In domestic cats, the AB blood group system consists of the three types A, B and C (also called AB). Mismatches can cause acute hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolysis of the newborn (neonatal isoerythrolysis, NI). As blood types B and C are inherited recessively to A, breeders need to know the genotype to predict blood types in offspring and avoid NI. Several CMAH variants have been described as being associated with the b and a^c alleles, and different genotyping schemes exist. Here, we genotyped 2145 cats with the original SNV panel, including SNVs c.142G>A and ?‐53, and our new scheme, with SNVs c.179G>T, c.268T>A and c.1322delT, to differentiate types A and B and added the SNV for the common a^c (c.364C>T). Based upon the new scheme, all samples were assigned the correct genotype. No discordances appeared for the A allele, and new breed‐specific SNVs (c.179G>T, c.1322delT) for the b allele were discovered. Furthermore, the genotypes A/a^c (type A), a^c/a^c (C) and a^c/b (C) could be detected. We found the variant c.179G>T in additional breeds: Ragdoll, Siberian, Scottish Fold, Chartreux, Neva Masquerade, British Shorthair and Highlander. Also, the variant c.364C>T was detected in additional breeds: Bengal, British Shorthair, Maine Coon, and Scottish Fold. We conclude that our new SNV panel is superior in genotyping cats than the original SNV panel and assures correct assignments of types A, B and C to assist veterinary clinicians and breeders to recognize, confirm and avoid blood incompatibilities such as acute hemolytic transfusion reactions and NI.     

The relationship of Helicobacter pylori positivity with age, sex, and ABO/Rhesus blood groups in patients with gastrointestinal complaints in Turkey

BACKGROUND: To determine the magnitude of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastrointestinal complaints in Turkey. METHODS: We studied 1680 patients with variable gastrointestinal complaints. The H. pylori infection status was determined using C-14 urea breath test (UBT). Overall, 1567 patients (548 male, 1019 female; age range 4-80 years, mean 29.37 +/- 17.30 years) were included in this study. The relationship between H. pylori positivity and age, sex, sociodemographic characteristic, blood groups, and gastrointestinal diagnosis was determined. RESULTS: H. pylori positivity was found to be 68%. The difference in positivity rates between age groups 4-9 years and other groups was statistically significant (p = .001). H. pylori positivity was 67.7% in males and 68.2% in females (p = .865). H. pylori positivity was 72.1, 65.1, 70, and 68.4% in blood groups A, B, AB, and O (p = .703), and 68.9% and 76.3% in Rh (+) and Rh (-) blood subgroups, respectively (p = .292). There was no statistically significant difference between H. pylori positivity and gastrointestinal diagnosis (p = .980). There was significant association between increased number of household members and low socioeconomic status, and H. pylori positivity (p < .001). Living in rural and suburban area was significantly associated with H. pylori positivity compared with living in urban. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori infection positivity rate was 68% in symptomatic subjects in Turkey and the positivity rate was significantly lower at age 4-9 years than the other age groups. It was not related to gender, ABO, and Rh blood groups and gastrointestinal diagnosis. Low socioeconomic conditions and living in rural and suburban area were significantly associated with H. pylori positivity.     

一种新型肿瘤血管抗体Fab的基因克隆与表达

鼠单克隆抗体AA98是我室研制的一株新型抗肿瘤血管抗体,体内实验证明它可以抑制血管生成,抑制肿瘤生长。从分泌抗体AA98的杂交瘤细胞中提取总RNA,采用逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)分别扩增重链Fd及轻链κ,并进行序列测定。将Fd和κ链依次与噬菌粒pComb3H连接,构建pComb3H-AA98Fab表达载体。在大肠杆菌中表达了AA98Fab。免疫印迹表明该Fab片段识别分子量为100kD的蛋白,具有原抗体AA98的抗原特异性。AA98Fab是研究抗体AA98作用机理的工具,也为制备重组免疫毒素,尝试肿瘤血管靶向治疗实验打下了基础。     

Genetic variation in the blood of llamas, Llama glama, and alpacas, Llama pacos

Blood samples of llamas and alpacas were typed using haemolytic, electrophoretic and isoelectric focusing procedures to assay polymorphism at 13 loci. Blood group variation was assessed using six antibody specificities produced by allo- and heteroimmunizations. Two red cell factors (A and B) behave as autosomal, codominant alleles at a closed A locus. The other four factors (C, D, E and F) behave as autosomal, dominant traits. Biochemical variation was found for red cell enzymes catalase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose phosphate isomerase and for plasma proteins transferrin and post-albumin. No variants were found for haemoglobin, phosphoglucomutase and albumin. Estimates of probability of exclusion were 0.883 for llamas and 0.681 for alpacas, which are adequate initial levels of efficacy for purposes of parentage verification. Preliminary estimate of Nei's genetic distance measure (D) suggests that llamas and alpacas are more likely related as subspecies than as separate species.