FtMYB1转录因子调控苦荞毛状根黄酮醇合成的机理研究

R2R3-MYB转录因子在植物类黄酮合成中起重要的调控作用。本研究从川荞1号中克隆获得一个R2R3-MYB家族基因FtMYB1,酵母转录激活分析显示其具有转录激活活性,激素处理下的表达模式分析显示,FtMYB1基因能够被茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)和脱落酸(ABA)诱导表达。在苦荞毛状根中过表达FtMYB1基因,结果表明转基因毛状根株系中总黄酮和芦丁含量显著低于野生型,且在黄酮醇合成途径下游分别编码黄酮醇合酶(FLS)和鼠李糖基转移酶(RT)的FLS和RT1基因表达量在转基因株系中显著降低,表明FtMYB1可能通过调控FLS和RT1的表达来抑制黄酮醇的生物合成。     

虎杖转录因子PcMYB2的表达特性和功能分析

对虎杖R2R3-MYB转录因子PcMYB2进行转录活性鉴定和表达特性分析,并在转基因拟南芥和转基因毛状根中进行功能研究。利用酵母单杂交试验分析PcMYB2的转录活性;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术检测虎杖中PcMYB2的表达模式;DMACA法检测PcMYB2转基因拟南芥和虎杖毛状根中的原花青素含量。酵母单杂试验表明,PcMYB2具有转录激活活性;RTqPCR结果显示,PcMYB2在虎杖根、茎、叶中均有表达,在叶中表达量最高,并且ABA和H₂O₂外源处理可诱导叶片中PcMYB2的表达;与野生型拟南芥相比,转基因拟南芥种皮颜色加深,原花青素含量为野生型的1.8倍;与野生型毛状根相比,转基因毛状根DMACA染色更深,原花青素含量为野生型的2.3倍。PcMYB2具有转录激活活性,且促进植物原花青素的生物合成。     

中间锦鸡儿CiMYB15基因正调控拟南芥黄酮代谢

目的:R2R3-MYB类转录因子参与调控植物初生和次生代谢。方法:从中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)干旱转录组数据库中搜索并克隆了一个R2R3-MYB基因,命名为CiMYB15(GenBank登录号MH678649);将CiMYB15基因编码区转入野生型拟南芥中,利用分光光度法测定了野生型和转基因拟南芥中总黄酮含量,并用qRT-PCR检测了转基因植物中At CHS基因的表达情况。同时采用染色体步移法克隆了CiMYB15基因的启动子序列。结果表明:(1) CiMYB15基因g DNA长度为1 960 bp,包含三个外显子(134、131和521 bp)和两个内含子(281和893 bp);开放阅读框长度为786 bp,编码262个氨基酸。(2)克隆得到1 580 bp的启动子序列,序列中主要包含损伤诱导元件G-box和P-box、盐诱导作用元件GT1-motif、参与干旱诱导的反应元件MBS,以及真菌侵害应答元件BOX-W1、植物-病原菌互作元件EIER;此外,还包含调节黄酮合成基因的MYB转录因子的结合位点。(3) CiMYB15基因的表达受到紫外胁迫的诱导。(4) CiMYB15基因过表达株系的总黄酮含量高于野生型。(5)过表达植物中At CHS基因的表达量亦高于野生型。以上结果说明,CiMYB15基因正调控拟南芥黄酮代谢。     

中国水仙NtMYB7基因的克隆及功能初步研究

为研究中国水仙类黄酮代谢调控网络,从中国水仙(Narcissus tazetta var.chinensis)中克隆得到一个R2R3-MYB基因,命名为NtMYB7(GenBank登录号:MF522208)。序列分析表明,NtMYB7基因cDNA开放阅读框(ORF)为753bp,编码250个氨基酸。氨基酸多重序列比对分析发现,NtMYB7含有R2和R3保守结构域,属于R2R3-MYB家族;系统进化树分析结果显示,NtMYB7与花青素合成抑制因子聚为一类。实时荧光定量PCR分析发现,NtMYB7基因在中国水仙不同时期花瓣和副冠以及不同器官中均有表达,且NtMYB7基因在鳞茎盘中表达量最高。瞬时表达分析发现,NtMYB7使花青素合成激活因子StMYB诱导产生的红色变浅;定量PCR分析表明,NtMYB7基因显著抑制烟草黄酮醇代谢分支FLS基因的表达,同时抑制StMYB激活的花青素和原花青素合成结构基因的表达。研究结果初步判断,NtMYB7基因是中国水仙类黄酮代谢途径的抑制因子。     

拟南芥R2R3-MYB家族第22亚族的结构与功能

拟南芥R2R3-MYB转录因子在拟南芥生长发育、代谢及响应生物和非生物胁迫的调控网络中具有重要作用。根据保守的氨基酸序列,R2R3-MYB转录因子被分为25个亚族,其中第22亚族包含AtMYB44、AtMYB77、AtMYB73和AtMYB70 4个基因,主要响应生物和非生物胁迫。文章从基因功能的相似性、基因表达的一致性和基因结构的保守性3方面综述了第22亚族的4个基因,并综合讨论了其在结构与功能上的冗余性和多样性。     

拟南芥R2R3-MYB类转录因子在环境胁迫中的作用

MYB转录因子是植物转录因子中最大的家族之一,以含有保守的MYB结构域为共同特征,分为三个亚族（R1／2-MYB、R2R3-MYB和R1R2R3-MYB）,其中含有两个MYB结构域的R2R3-MYB成员最多,广泛参与植物次生代谢调控、细胞形态发生、胁迫应答、分生组织形成及细胞周期控制等。近年来,R2R3-MYB在植物逆境胁迫中的作用引起了广泛关注,本文综述了拟南芥R2R3-MYB蛋白在环境胁迫响应中作用的研究进展。     

小麦R2R3-MYB转录因子TaMYB3-4D的克隆及功能分析

MYB转录因子是植物最大的转录因子家族之一,广泛参与植物各种生理生化过程。该研究通过对小麦基因组测序数据库进行同源搜索,利用电子克隆技术从紫色籽粒小麦品种‘高原115’中分离得到了一个新的MYB基因TaMYB3-4 D。结果表明,TaMYB3-4D仅含有一个内含子,其编码蛋白含有2个连续的MYB结构域,为典型的R2R3-MYB蛋白。TaMYB3-4D系统发生关系上与调控花青素合成的MYB基因亲缘关系较近。TaMYB3-4 D与bHLH基因ZmR瞬时表达能够诱导白色胚芽鞘中花青素的合成。此外,TaMYB3-4 D基因仅在‘高原115’含花青素的种皮和胚芽鞘中表达,在根、茎、叶中均未表达。研究表明,TaMYB3-4 D基因是一个具有调控花青素合成代谢功能的R2R3-MYB基因,很有可能参与小麦花青素的生物合成。     

苦荞转录因子FtMYBF的克隆、亚细胞定位及表达分析

R2R3-MYB转录因子SG7亚家族成员在植物黄酮醇生物合成中具有极其重要的调控作用.探究苦荞中SG7 R2R3-MYB转录因子在黄酮醇生物合成中的功能,为苦荞黄酮醇生物合成的分子调控机制研究奠定基础.采用RT-PCR技术从苦荞中克隆到一个前期经转录组与代谢组联合分析鉴定到的SG7 R2R3-MYB转录因子,命名为Ft...     

大豆转录因子GmC2H2基因转化拟南芥效果分析

GmC2H2转录因子基因是本实验室获得的一个编码172个氨基酸携带516bp核苷酸的转录因子,属于经典C2H2型锌指蛋白.通过构建植物表达载体GmC2H2-pCAMBIA1304,借助优化的Floral-dip法转化模式植物拟南芥,经潮霉素Hygromycine( 45-50 mg/L)抗性筛选获得转基因拟南芥植株.GUS组织染色分析表明,GmC2H2基因在生长12d的转基因拟南芥幼苗中,表达部位主要集中在根部.对转基因拟南芥进行了低温(1℃)和脱落酸(200 μmol/L)胁迫处理,测定其生理生化指标,通过real-time qPCR确定目的基因在转基因拟南芥中的表达情况.结果表明,携带GmC2H2目的基因的转基因拟南芥中脯氨酸和可溶性糖水平要高于野生型植株,而丙二醛水平要低于野生型,在抗逆性方面明显优于野生型拟南芥植株;并且胁迫处理下的转基因拟南芥中GmC2H2基因的表达量要高于未胁迫处理的转基因植株,说明GmC2H2基因的表达受低温和ABA的诱导,初步明确了该转录因子基因的功能.     

转CiCHS基因拟南芥的黄酮代谢及抗氧化能力分析

该研究克隆了中间锦鸡儿的查尔酮合成酶基因(CiCHS)并转入野生型拟南芥和tt4突变体,用qRT-PCR检测了转基因拟南芥中内源AtCHS基因的表达量,用分光光度法分析了转基因拟南芥的总黄酮、丙二醛含量及DPPH自由基清除能力,用HPLC法检测了转基因拟南芥的柚皮苷含量。结果显示:(1)转基因拟南芥中,内源AtCHS基因的表达量约为野生型的十分之一,总黄酮含量明显高于野生型;HPLC测得转基因株系中柚皮苷含量高于野生型;紫外照射处理前后转基因拟南芥中丙二醛积累量明显少于野生型。(2)转基因株系提取物对DPPH自由基清除能力显著高于野生型。(3)CiCHS基因互补拟南芥tt4突变体,转基因株系的种皮呈现浅棕色。研究表明,中间锦鸡儿CiCHS基因异源表达后生成了柚皮苷,使转基因植物的抗氧化性增强,部分恢复了tt4突变体的种皮颜色。     

来源于西梅的(R)-醇腈酶促立体选择性转氰合成(R)-酮醇腈

在水/有机溶剂双相反应体系中,研究了来源于西梅的(R)-醇腈酶催化酮与丙酮醇腈合成(R)-酮醇腈的立体选择性转氰反应．系统探讨了不同酶源、酶粉颗粒大小、底物浓度、两底物配比、酶浓度和底物结构对转氰反应的影响．结果发现西梅醇腈酶能高效催化三甲基硅酮与丙酮醇腈的立体选择性转氰．酶粉颗粒大小以直径0.3～0.45 mm为优,底物浓度以21 mmol/L左右为佳,底物丙酮醇腈与三甲基硅酮摩尔浓度比以2∶1为宜,酶浓度以60.9 g/L左右为好．西梅醇腈酶对3, 3-二甲基-2-丁酮几乎没有催化活性,而对其硅结构类似物三甲基硅酮却具有非常高的立体选择性和催化活性,在上述优化反应条件下反应24 h的底物转化率和产物光学纯度均高达99%以上,表明底物中的硅原子对西梅醇腈酶的催化活性有非常显著的促进作用．     

The hypothalamus of Lacerta sicula R.

Summary The posterior (caudal) hypothalamus of the lizard, Lacerta sicula R. was investigated by means of Golgi methods. The periventricular grey is formed mainly by isodendritic bipolar and multipolar neurons, while in the lateral hypothalamus a more stellate form of neuronal elements is encountered. CSF-contacting neurons are restricted to the tuberal area and to the paraventricular organ. In the latter area they are highly differentiated and endowed with laterally branched processes. The overall pattern of the lizard hypothalamus (organization of neuropil, lateral nuclei, appearance of cell clusters, morphology of the neuronal elements) represents an intermediate stage in the phylogenetic development of the hypothalamus, being more advanced than the amphibian stage.     

Conjugational transfer systems of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata mediated by R plasmids

Plasmids RP1, R68.45 and RP4::Mu cts 61 were transferred into Rhodopseudomonas capsulata from Escherichia coli. The frequency of intraspecies transfer of these plasmids in R. capsulata was 10^-4–10^-5 per donor. The plasmids also mobilized chromosomal genes at a low frequency. Phototrophic recombinants from matings between recipient strains defective in the photosynthetic-apparatus and wild type donors were obtained at a frequency of 10^-7–10^-8 per donor.     

Pre-exposure to UV irradiation increases the transfer frequency of the IncJ conjugative transposon-like elements R391, R392, R705, R706, R997 and pMERPH and is recA+ dependent

The enteric conjugative transposon-like IncJ elements R391, R392, R705, R706 and pMERPH, all demonstrated increased conjugative transfer upon UV irradiation. The transfer frequency increased on average from its basal rate of 10(-5) to 10(-3) per recipient, upon pre-exposure to UV irradiation. However, the transfer frequency of R997, which was higher than the other IncJ elements at 10(-3) per donor, showed a smaller increase. This effect was shown to be recA+ dependent in all cases. Using PCR primers directed outwards from the ends of the integrated R391 element it was observed that a circular intermediate of the element forms within the host, which has been proposed to be a transfer intermediate. Using real-time PCR, it was determined that the amount of the circular intermediate produced increased substantially upon UV irradiation.     

The carotenoids of Flavobacterium strain R1560

The main carotenoid of Flavobacterium strain R1560 has been identified as (3R,3R)-zeaxanthin. Also present were small amounts of 15-cis-phytoene, phytofluene, -carotene (7,8,7,8-tetrahydro-, -carotene plus 7,8,11,12-tetrahydro-, -carotene), neurosporene, lycopene, -zeacarotene, -carotene, -carotene, -cryptoxanthin, rubixanthin, 3-hydroxy--zeacarotene and several apo-carotenals. Zeaxanthin production was inhibited by nicotine (10 mM), and lycopene and rubixanthin accumulated. The biosynthesis of zeaxanthin is discussed in terms of pathways and also of half-molecule reaction sequences. The presence of zeaxanthin may be a characteristic of a group of Flavobacterium species, and may thus be useful in the taxonomic classification of these organisms.     

R68.45 mediated chromosomal gene transfer in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

A large plasmid enables its host Agrobacterium tumefaciens to cause tumorous condition in a wide variety of dicotyledonous plants [see Ooms et al. Gene 14:33–50 (1981)]. The location and role of chromosomal genes in this phenomenon are not known. As the first stage in studying this aspect, a project was initiated to investigate the chromosomal genetics of the bacterium. R68.45, a P group plasmid, was chosen as a transmission agent. After a preliminary assessment it was decided to use C58 as a standard strain to carry out the mapping. The plasmid itself, as judged by the presence of antibiotic markers, appears to be stable in a. tumefaciens; its ability to promote chromosomal mobilisation, however, remains only in 60–80% transconjugants. Good Agrobacterium donors are capable of transferring chromosomal genes at a frequency varying between 10^-5 to 10^-6 per recipient. The recombinants are stable even under non-selective conditions. A linear linkage map consisting of 16 markers was built using coinheritance frequencies obtained from 21 four-point crosses.     

Screening of yeasts for cell-free production of (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol

105 yeast strains from 10 genera and 40 species were evaluated for cell-free production of (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC), the chiral precursor in the manufacture of the pharmaceuticals ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. Carboligase activity of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), forming PAC from benzaldehyde and pyruvate, was found in extracts of 98 strains. PAC was not formed from benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde, an activity of bacterial PDCs from Zymomonas mobilis and Zymobacter palmae. Two interesting groups of candidates were identified in the yeast screening: carboligase activities of Schizosaccharomyces pombe PDCs were very low but showed best resistance to pre-incubation with acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde; and highest carboligase activities combined with medium resistance were found in strains of Candida utilis, C. tropicalis and C. albicans.