黄芩苷对巨细胞病毒神经系统感染小鼠学习记忆功能及海马中细胞凋亡的调节作用

新生儿感染巨细胞病毒(Cytomegalovirus,CMV)能够引起中枢神经系统不可逆损害,遗留神经功能缺损,危害较大,但缺乏有效的防治手段。黄芩苷是中药材黄芩中的黄酮类活性物质,具有抗凋亡、抗氧化、抗炎等功能,对新生大鼠缺血缺氧性脑损伤具有保护作用。基于此,本研究将黄芩苷用于小鼠巨细胞病毒(Mouse cytomegalovirus,MCMV)感染新生KM小鼠的干预,并探究黄芩苷对MCMV感染后中枢神经损害的保护作用。为研究黄芩苷对MCMV神经系统感染小鼠学习记忆功能及海马中细胞凋亡的调节作用,本研究将新生KM小鼠随机分为对照组、MCMV组、黄芩苷组、黄芩苷+U0126组,后三组腹腔注射MCMV病毒悬液以获得MCMV神经系统感染模型,MCMV组给予生理盐水灌胃,黄芩苷组给予黄芩苷灌胃,黄芩苷+U0126组则给予黄芩苷灌胃及U0126腹腔注射。比较四组学习记忆功能指标及海马组织中MCMV载量、细胞凋亡率、凋亡基因表达量、信号通路基因表达量。结果显示:与对照组比较,MCMV组小鼠的逃避潜伏期明显延长(P<0.05),穿平台次数明显减少(P<0.05),海马组织中MCMV-D...     

鼠神经生长因子对巨细胞病毒神经系统感染小鼠海马组织氧化应激及细胞凋亡的影响

巨细胞病毒(Cytomegalovirus,CMV)感染神经系统可引起神经功能损害,海马组织参与学习、记忆、认知等过程的调控,CMV感染海马组织并引起氧化应激及细胞凋亡激活与神经功能损害的发生密切相关。鼠神经生长因子(mouse nerve growth factor,mNGF)对缺血缺氧、六溴环十二烷等病理因素引起的脑组织氧化应激及细胞凋亡具有改善作用,但mNGF对CMV神经系统感染过程中氧化应激及细胞凋亡的调节作用及机制尚未明确。为研究mNGF对CMV神经系统感染小鼠海马组织氧化应激及细胞凋亡的影响,本研究选择C57BL/6小鼠并随机分为对照组、MCMV组、mNGF组,MCMV组、mNGF组通过腹腔注射病毒液的方式建立MCMV神经系统感染模型,mNGF组从造模后24h开始给予mNGF腹腔注射,连续14d。比较三组小鼠海马组织HE染色、MCMV DNA表达、行为学指标、氧化应激指标含量、凋亡基因及PI3K/PKB通路表达量的差异。结果显示,MCMV组出现了明显的海马组织病理改变且海马组织中MCMV DNA表达水平、bax及cleaved caspase-3表达水平、MDA含量明显高于...     

虎杖苷通过激活TrkA抑制芬太尼诱导的海马神经元细胞凋亡

本文旨在研究虎杖苷对芬太尼麻醉后的神经保护作用及其潜在机制.分离小鼠海马神经元进行培养,并分别使用芬太尼,虎杖苷+芬太尼,虎杖苷+芬太尼+ IgG,虎杖苷+芬太尼+MNAC13(TrkA封闭抗体)进行处理,然后通过TUNNEL检测细胞凋亡,通过免疫组织化学检测Caspase-9和原肌球蛋白受体激酶(Trk)受体的表达,...     

丙泊酚对老年大鼠的认知功能障碍及海马神经元凋亡的影响

摘要 目的：探讨丙泊酚对老年大鼠的认知功能障碍及海马神经元凋亡的影响。方法：选择45只老年大鼠随机分为3组,包括对照组、七氟烷组、联合组,七氟烷组吸入1.5%七氟烷,吸入频次为1 h/d;联合组则给予1.5%七氟烷、丙泊酚注射液150 mg/kg,对照组则等量注射氯化钠溶液,3组均进行为期2周的给药时间。进行Morris水迷宫试验,对海马神经元凋亡蛋白,血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平,PI3K/Akt/ mTOR通路蛋白相对表达予以检测。结果：Morris水迷宫试验2、3 d时潜伏期、游泳距离比Morris水迷宫试验1 d时缩短,七氟烷组Morris水迷宫试验1、2 d时潜伏期比对照组延长,Morris水迷宫试验1、2 d时游泳距离比对照组延长,联合组第1、2、3 d潜伏期比七氟烷组缩短,游泳距离比七氟烷组缩短（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,七氟烷组Bax蛋白、Capase-3蛋白相对表达水平升高,Bcl-2蛋白相对表达水平下降;与七氟烷组相比,联合组Bax蛋白、Capase-3蛋白相对表达水平下降,Bcl-2蛋白相对表达水平上升（P<0.05）;七氟烷组血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β水平比对照组高,联合组血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β水平比七氟烷组低（P<0.05）;七氟烷组p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR通路蛋白相对表达比对照组低,联合组p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR通路蛋白相对表达比七氟烷组高（P<0.05）。结论：丙泊酚可有效缓解七氟烷引起的老年大鼠神经受损状况,其与该药物通过对炎症反应与海马细胞凋亡的抑制,对PI3K/Akt/ Mtor信号通路进行激活有关。     

人巨细胞病毒感染对树突细胞功能的影响

人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)对人多为潜伏感染,但在免疫受损人群中,该病毒感染后会引起严重的后果.人巨细胞病毒感染人体后,可从多条途径干扰宿主细胞的生长、分化,诱导细胞恶变;人巨细胞病毒的IE基因具有抑制凋亡的功能.树突细胞是机体内功能最强的抗原呈递细胞,在免疫应答中发挥重要作用.HCMV感染后,能下调树突细胞表面的主要组织相容性复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ类分子,CD80,CD86和CD40的表达,也使黏附分子如ICAM-3、ICAM-2等的表达发生改变.由此,人巨细胞病毒逃避了细胞免疫应答,引起持续感染或潜伏感染.     

缺氧/复氧对培养的大鼠海马神经元Fos、Jun表达和神经元凋亡的影响

目的：观察缺氧／复氧对体外培养的海马神经元Fos和Jun表达和神经元凋亡的影响。方法：取培养12d的海马神经元,置2000cm^3的恒温（36℃）密闭容器内,连续充以无氧气体（90％N2、10％CO2）,在缺氧条件下继续培养2、4h后取出,置含10％CO2和空气的培养箱内复氧培养24h和72h。于不同时间取出,观察神经元存活数,分别用抗Fos和抗Jun抗血清进行免疫组织化学染色,计数Fos和Jun表达阳性神经元百分率,并用原位末端标记（TUNEL）法和流式细胞术分别观察和测定缺氧／复氧对体外培养海马神经元凋亡的影响。结果：缺氧／复氧后Fos和Jun表达阳性神经元百分率和凋亡神经元百分率的显著增加。结论：缺氧／复氧后即早反应基因fos在神经元中的持续表达可引起神经元凋亡,原癌基因jun的表达与神经元凋亡的发生有关。     

蛋白激酶A参与诱导新生小鼠海马神经元的长时程增强

作为探索大脑学习和记忆功能的重要模式 ,长时程增强 (longtermpotentiation ,LTP)在研究发育过程中的神经回路形成(neuralcircuitformation)和精致化 (Refinement)具有重要作用。一般认为 ,钙 钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶II(calcium/calmodulindependentproteinkinaseII ,CaMKII)和促细胞分裂剂激活性蛋白激酶 (mitogen -activatedproteinkinase,MAPK)家族分子在诱导海马神经元LTP过程中起关键作用。美国斯坦福大学学者RobertC .Malenka最近证实 :新生期啮齿类动物海马神经元却并非如此。他们于出生后 9天内的小鼠海马CA1区锥体细胞 …     

单唾液酸神经节苷脂对体外循环大鼠海马神经元的影响

目的:探讨单唾液酸神经节苷脂(GM1)对体外循环大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响及机制。方法:18只健康成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组:正常对照组、CPB组和GM1组。经右颈静脉插管引流,右颈动脉插管灌注建立CPB,转流时间60 min,建立CPB动物模型。CPB后3 h时处死大鼠,4%多聚甲醛灌注固定后取左侧大脑组织,利用TUNEL法观察海马神经元凋亡,免疫组化法检测海马神经元Caspase-3蛋白表达,并用电子显微镜观察神经元超微结构变化。结果:与正常组比较,GM1组和CPB组海马神经元凋亡细胞平均积分光密度(IA)、Caspase-3蛋白表达均增强(P<0.01)。GM1组海马神经元凋亡细胞平均积分光密度(IA)为8.94±0.42,与CPB组(14.87±0.70)相比明显降低(P<0.01);GM1组海马Caspase-3阳性神经细胞平均积分光密度比CPB组降低了38.84%(P<0.01)。电镜下CPB组海马可见异染色质明显边集、凝聚,线粒体嵴减少或空泡变性,细胞器消失等不可逆性的损伤改变;GM1组神经元细胞核圆形,线粒体嵴少量减少,细胞器仍可见。结论:单唾液酸神经节苷脂对体外循环大鼠海马神经元凋亡具有明显的抑制作用,其机制与抑制Caspase-3的表达有关。     

异丙酚对缺氧/复氧后原代培养的海马神经元c-fos表达和神经元凋亡的影响

目的:观察异丙酚对原代培养海马神经元缺氧反应的影响.方法:培养12 d海马神经元分组测定LDH漏出率及c-fos蛋白含量和神经元凋亡率.结果:加入异丙酚后LDH漏出率、c-fos的蛋白含量和细胞凋亡率较缺氧组明显减少.结论:异丙酚组能提高体外海马神经元的缺氧耐力,减少LDH漏出率,降低c-fos蛋白过度表达和细胞凋亡率.     

Lycopene Inhibits Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Gerbil Hippocampal Tissue

Plant lycopene exhibits antioxidant activity in animal tissues. Transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in Mongolian gerbils resulted in delayed neuronal death in hippocampal regions. We examined the antioxidant effects of lycopene because we expected lycopene to attenuate ischemia-related neuronal damage by controlling apoptosis at the gene level. The gerbils were divided into two groups: the normal feeding (control) group that received normal market food (MF) and the lycopene group that received MF containing lycopene (5 mg in 100 g MF food). After 1.5–2.0 months (when body weight were 60–65 g), the lycopene level was 38.2 ± 17.6 ng/ml in serum and 11.9 ± 4.0 μg/g-wet weight tissue in the liver. Levels of B cell leukemia-2, an apoptosis-suppressing protein, decreased in control animal brains 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery, whereas the levels increased in lycopene-treated animal brains. Moreover, cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 activity increased gradually after ischemia, but was suppressed in the lycopene-treated animal brains 7 days after surgery. Finally, hippocampal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased in the control group 3 h after ischemia and, gradually increased thereafter, whereas it was significantly elevated in the lycopene group. Thus, orally administered lycopene is accumulated in the body, and provided protections against ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury by inducing an increase in SOD activity and inhibiting apoptosis.     

重组人脑利钠肽对脓毒症相关性脑病小鼠神经细胞凋亡的治疗作用

目的:探讨重组人脑利钠肽(recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide, rhBNP)对脓毒症小鼠脑病理损伤和认知功能障碍的治疗效应,明确其脑保护作用机制。方法:采用盲肠结扎穿刺法(Cecal ligation and puncture, CLP)建立脓毒症小鼠模型。在CLP手术后6小时皮下注射rhBNP,相同容积的生理盐水被作为对照,连续14天,每日一次。通过旷场实验,评价动物基础运动状态、探索能力和焦虑情绪;采用条件相关恐惧实验,检测动物情景相关记忆能力变化。TUNEL染色检测动物海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡变化;蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blot, WB)检测动物海马组织TNF-α、Caspase-8和Caspase-3蛋白表达水平变化。结果:在旷场实验中,与Sham+Veh组小鼠相比较,CLP+Veh组小鼠表现出平均运动速度(P0.0001)、5分钟穿格次数(P0.0001)和中央区域运动时间明显下降(P0.0001)。与CLP+Veh组小鼠相比较,CLP+rhBNP组小鼠旷场中平均运动速度(P=0.35)和5分钟穿格次数(P=0.064)无显著变化,中央区域运动时间明显增加(P=0.0005)。在条件相关恐惧测试中,与Sham+Veh组小鼠相比较,CLP+Veh组小鼠表现为僵直时间比例明显减少(P0.0001)。与CLP+Veh组小鼠相比较,CLP+rhBNP组小鼠表现为僵直时间比例显著增加(P=0.0014)。CLP诱导的脓毒症小鼠表现出海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡。rhBNP治疗可以明显的减轻脑病理变化,并且通过抑制Caspase-3上游信号通路TNF-a-Caspase-8减轻神经细胞凋亡。结论:rhBNP对SAE具有治疗作用,其机制可能与抑制神经细胞凋亡有关。     

Dengue Virions and Antigens in Brain and Serum of Infected Mice

The temporal relationships of the production of infectious dengue-2 virus and its antigens were investigated in intracerebrally infected suckling mice. Infectious virus, a slowly sedimenting noninfectious hemagglutinin (SHA), and a noninfectious soluble complement-fixing antigen (SCF) were found in the brain. Serum contained high concentrations of SCF antigen relative to infectivity when compared to SCF to infectivity ratios in the brain. Degradation of virions by Tween-80 and ether produced two antigens with sedimentation characteristics similar to the noninfectious antigens occurring naturally in infected tissues. However, the virionderived SHA differed from native SHA when examined by electron microscopy and by equilibrium centrifugation in cesium chloride. Virion-derived SCF (as well as the virions and both SHA antigens) was denatured by sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), whereas native SCF retained its complement-fixing activity. SLS and 2-ME treatment of dengue-1 and dengue-2 sucrose-acetone antigens increased their serotypic specificity. The hemagglutinin present in sucrose-acetone antigens was predominantly native SHA.     

氯胺酮麻醉对乳鼠脑细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨临床上常用的麻醉剂氯胺酮对乳鼠脑细胞凋亡的影响。方法新生7日龄SD大鼠15只,随机分成3组：氯胺酮低剂量组、高剂量组分别腹腔注射20 mg/kg、80 mg/kg氯胺酮,对照组给予等量的生理盐水。麻醉后24 h,取脑组织作HE染色,用TUNEL法检测脑细胞的凋亡情况,用免疫组织化学法检测Caspase-3的表达水平。结果与对照组比较,氯胺酮低剂量组的凋亡细胞增多但不明显（P〉0.05）,神经元核固缩和Caspase-3阳性细胞数明显增多（P〈0.05）;氯胺酮高剂量组的凋亡细胞数、神经元核固缩及Caspase-3阳性细胞数显著性增加（P〈0.05）。神经元核固缩、凋亡细胞和Caspase-3阳性细胞均以皮层区多见。结论 80 mg/kg氯胺酮可引起乳鼠脑细胞凋亡,以皮层区为主,Caspase-3的激活可能是其作用机制之一;20 mg/kg氯胺酮对乳鼠脑细胞凋亡的影响较轻微,其临床等效剂量为3 mg/kg。氯胺酮小儿麻醉用量不宜过多,避免引起脑细胞的凋亡。     

Brain State Dependence of Hippocampal Subthreshold Activity in Awake Mice

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Picroside II Inhibits Neuronal Apoptosis and Improves the Morphology and Structure of Brain Tissue following Cerebral Ischemic Injury in Rats

This paper aimed to explore the protective effects of picroside II against the neuronal apoptosis and changes in morphology and structure that follow cerebral ischemic injury in rats. A focal cerebral ischemic model was established by inserting a monofilament thread to achieve middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in 60 Wistar rats, and intraperitoneal injections of picroside II (20 mg/kg) were administered. The neurobehavioral functions were evaluated with the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) test. The cerebral infarct volumes were measured with tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The morphology and ultrastructure of the cortical brain tissues were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The apoptotic cells were counted with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling and flow cytometry, and pERK1/2 expression was determined by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot. The results indicated that neurological behavioral malfunctions and cerebral infarcts were present in the MCAO rats. In the model group, the damage to the structures of the neurons and the blood brain barrier (BBB) in the cortex was more severe, and the numbers of apoptotic cells, the early apoptotic ratio (EAR) and pERK1/2 expression were significantly increased in this group compared to the control group (P<0.05). In the treatment group, the neurological behavioral function and the morphology and ultrastructure of the neurons and the BBB were improved including the number of Mi increased and relative area of condensed chromosome and basement (BM) thickness descreased, and the cerebral infarct volume, the number of apoptotic cells, the EAR and pERK1/2 expression were significantly decreased compared to the model group (P<0.05). These results suggest that picroside II reduced apoptosis and improved the morphology and ultrastructure of the neurons and the BBB and that these effects resulted in the recovery of the neurobehavioral function of rats with cerebral ischemia.     

Protective Effects of ACY-1215 Against Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment and Brain Damage in Mice

Neurochemical Research - Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a potential long-term side effect during cancer treatment. There are currently no effective treatments for CRCI....     

温度对神经元网络活动的影响

利用多通道微电极阵列上培养的海马神经元网络,通过分析28～41℃范围内不同温度时网络自发放电频率．幅度和相邻峰电位时间间隔(interspike interval,ISI)的变化,探讨了温度对网络活动的影响。发现温度升高过程中放电频率、幅度呈不同程度增大的趋势,峰电位数目的变化程度随其间隔的增大呈减小趋势。结果表明体外培养的胎鼠海马神经元的网络活动具有温度敏感性。