Dynamic Chromatin Remodeling Mediated by Polycomb Proteins Orchestrates Pancreatic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (207KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Pancreatic lineage progression is governed by PcG-dependent chromatin remodeling ? A temporal chromatin signature predicts regulators of pancreatic development ? Endocrine cells differentiated from hESCs in vivo are similar to native human islets ? In vitro-produced malfunctioning endocrine cells exhibit aberrant chromatin structure     

A Network Model of the Molecular Organization of Chromatin in Drosophila

1. Download : Download high-res image (434KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? DamID identifies 42 previously unknown chromatin proteins ? Binding maps of new and known chromatin components yield a chromatin network model ? The network model predicts functions of most of the 42 new chromatin proteins ? The chromatin protein network is functionally compartmentalized     

Direct recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 1 to chromatin by core binding transcription factors

1. Download : Download high-res image (106KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? PRC1 interacts with Runx1 and CBFβ ? PRC1 and Runx1/CBFβ colocalize on chromatin and coregulate a subset of genes ? PRC1 and Runx1/CBFβ deficiencies generate partial phenocopies of one another in vivo ? Runx1 directly recruits PRC1-independent of PRC2     

ESCs Require PRC2 to Direct the Successful Reprogramming of Differentiated Cells toward Pluripotency

1. Download : Download high-res image (167KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Mouse pluripotent cells reprogram human B cells in heterokaryons ? ESCs lacking PRC1 or PRC2 cannot successfully reprogram ? Failure of PRC1/2-deficient ESCs to reprogram is functionally dominant ? PRC1/2 play a critical role in the chromatin reorganization required for reprogramming     

Tet Proteins Connect the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine Transferase Ogt to Chromatin in Embryonic Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (107KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Ogt forms a complex with Tet1 and Tet2 in the nucleus of embryonic stem cells ? Ogt preferentially associates with promoter regions in proximity of TSS ? Ogt shows >90% of colocalization with Tet1 at methylation-free CpG-rich elements ? Tet1 is required for global Ogt chromatin recruitment regulating its activity     

EBF2 Determines and Maintains Brown Adipocyte Identity

1. Download : Download high-res image (128KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Ebf2 is selectively expressed in brown relative to white adipocytes and binds to chromatin at brown fat-specific target sites of Pparγ ? Ebf2 expression in white fat or muscle precursor cells recruits Pparγ to its brown fat-specific gene targets and drives a complete program of brown adipocyte differentiation ? Brown adipose cells and tissue from Ebf2-deficient mice display a complete loss of thermogenic characteristics while gaining molecular attributes of white adipose     

The MRN-CtIP Pathway Is Required for Metaphase Chromosome Alignment

1. Download : Download high-res image (178KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The MRN-CtIP pathway is required for metaphase chromosome alignment in egg extracts ? MRN inhibition interferes with spindle assembly around DNA-coated beads ? MRN inhibition in cells causes a metaphase delay and disrupts the RanGTP gradient ? The MRN complex regulates the stable association of RCC1 to chromatin     

Eukaryotic Replisome Components Cooperate to Process Histones During Chromosome Replication

1. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? FACT associates with the replisome, but not with the Mcm2-7 helicase, at origins ? Mcm2 and FACT bind together to histones released from chromatin ? Mcm2 has a conserved histone-binding motif in its amino terminal tail ? Histone binding by Mcm2 contributes to the efficacious replication of chromatin     

Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit α Plays a MyD88-Dependent,Central Role in the Gene-Specific Regulation of Endotoxin Tolerance

1. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? PP2Ac is constitutively activated and targets MyD88 in LPS-tolerized macrophages ? Constitutively active PP2Ac shifts a proinflammatory MyD88 to its prosurvival mode ? Constitutively active PP2Ac reprograms gene-specific chromatin modification landscape ? Constitutively active PP2Ac broadly defines ET at both signaling and epigenetic levels     

Cdc6-induced conformational changes in ORC bound to origin DNA revealed by cryo-electron microscopy

1. Download : Download high-res image (191KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? We have determined the cryo-EM structures of ORC, ORC-DNA, and ORC-Cdc6-DNA ? We show that ORC is arranged as Orc1:Orc4:Orc5:Orc2:Orc3, with Orc6 binding to Orc2 ? DNA and Cdc6 binding causes large conformational changes in ORC ? Origin DNA is proposed to bind to the interior surface of the crescent-shaped ORC     

Endogenous Purification Reveals GREB1 as a Key Estrogen Receptor Regulatory Factor

1. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? A proteomic method identifies protein-protein interaction in primary tumors ? GREB1 is the top estrogen-induced ER-interacting protein ? GREB1 is an essential ER cofactor recruited to chromatin ? GREB1 is an independent prognostic marker     

Integration of Genome-wide Approaches Identifies lncRNAs of Adult Neural Stem Cells and Their Progeny In Vivo

1. Download : Download high-res image (314KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? RNA-seq, RNA Capture-Seq of SVZ-NSCs reveals unannotated lncRNAs and splice variants ? lncRNA loci have dynamic chromatin signatures, including bivalency in SVZ-NSCs ? Online resource facilitates discovery of lncRNAs involved in adult neurogenesis ? lncRNAs can regulate glial-neuronal lineage specification of SVZ-NSCs     

A Matrix Protein Silences Transposons and Repeats through Interaction with Retinoblastoma-Associated Proteins

1. Download : Download high-res image (133KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The Arabidopsis matrix protein TEK silences transposons and repeat-containing genes ? Binding of TEK on targets affects chromatin conformation and histone modifications ? TEK protein associates with FVE/MSI5-containing histone deacetylation complex ? TEK directs repressive modification as a key structural component in gene silencing     

A Major Epigenetic Programming Mechanism Guided by piRNAs

1. Download : Download high-res image (244KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Piwi-piRNA complexes bind to numerous piRNA-complementary sequences in the genome ? piRNA is necessary and sufficient to recruit Piwi, HP1, and HMT to its target site ? Piwi deficiency drastically changes the epigenetic landscape in the genome ? The Piwi-piRNA mechanism is a major epigenetic programming mechanism in Drosophila     

DNA Quality Control by a Lesion Sensor Pocket of the Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Helicase Subunit of TFIIH

1. Download : Download high-res image (123KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Amino acid changes near the central pore of XPD confer defective excision repair ? These mutants retain DNA helicase activity when tested in an archaeal framework ? The mutants are unable to sense lesions during their ATP-driven tracking movement ? The mutants are unable to build a stable demarcation complex at DNA lesion sites     

Distinct States of Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase Indicate Inhibitor Binding by Conformational Selection

1. Download : Download high-res image (270KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Complexes of MetRS from T. brucei with its substrate, intermediate, and inhibitors ? In crystals, substrate-bound MetRS undergoes extensive changes with inhibitor binding ? The inhibitor-bound conformation is surprisingly similar to the ligand-free state ? This indicates inhibitor binding occurs via conformational selection not by induced fit     

Protein Conformation Ensembles Monitored by HDX Reveal a Structural Rationale for Abscisic Acid Signaling Protein Affinities and Activities

1. Download : Download high-res image (341KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Conformations support PYL2 “gate” role in dimerization and phosphatase inhibition ? Structural mechanism of ABA-PYL2 affinity for HAB1 over kinases linked to Trp lock ? HDX suggests kinase activity is associated with a stable “closed” conformation