Triacylglycerol Synthesis Enzymes Mediate Lipid Droplet Growth by Relocalizing from the ER to Lipid Droplets

1. Download : Download high-res image (442KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Triacylglyceride (TG) synthesis is coupled with lipid droplet (LD) growth ? Two LD populations exist: growing LDs, containing TG enzymes, and small LDs ? Specific TG synthesis enzymes move from the ER to LDs through membrane bridges ? LD localization of TG enzymes mediates expansion of a subset of LDs     

C/EBPα Induces Highly Efficient Macrophage Transdifferentiation of B Lymphoma and Leukemia Cell Lines and Impairs Their Tumorigenicity

1. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? C/EBPα converts selected human lymphoma and leukemia B cell lines into macrophages ? During transdifferentiation, cells become phagocytic and quiescent ? Cells retain their macrophage phenotype even after withdrawal of the C/EBPα inducer ? C/EBPα impairs the tumorigenicity of responsive lymphoma/leukemia cells     

ESCs Require PRC2 to Direct the Successful Reprogramming of Differentiated Cells toward Pluripotency

1. Download : Download high-res image (167KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Mouse pluripotent cells reprogram human B cells in heterokaryons ? ESCs lacking PRC1 or PRC2 cannot successfully reprogram ? Failure of PRC1/2-deficient ESCs to reprogram is functionally dominant ? PRC1/2 play a critical role in the chromatin reorganization required for reprogramming     

OTUB1 co-opts Lys48-linked ubiquitin recognition to suppress E2 enzyme function

1. Download : Download high-res image (250KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Identification of OTUB1 mutants with impaired ability to inhibit E2 enzymes ? Crystal structure of a ubiquitin-charged E2 bound to OTUB1 ? Molecular basis of Lys48-linked ubiquitin chain recognition by OTUB1 determined ? OTUB1 employs product inhibition mimicry to inhibit E2 enzymes     

Efficient Retrograde Transport of Pseudorabies Virus within Neurons Requires Local Protein Synthesis in Axons

1. Download : Download high-res image (197KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection stimulates local protein synthesis in axons ? Infection induces the synthesis of LIS1, peripherin, and annexin A2 in axons ? Axonal inhibition of protein synthesis retards retrograde PRV capsid transport ? Prior damage in axons significantly reduces retrograde PRV capsid transport     

The cysteine regulatory complex from plants and microbes: what was old is new again

1. Download : Download high-res image (238KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Physical organization of enzymes plays an important role in metabolism. ? Two enzymes in plants and bacteria form the cysteine regulatory complex (CRC). ? In plants, the CRC modulates cysteine biosynthesis in response to sulfur state. ? Recent insights on this multi-enzyme complex suggest new research directions.     

Genome sequencing of pediatric medulloblastoma links catastrophic DNA rearrangements with TP53 mutations

1. Download : Download high-res image (298KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Complex chromosomal alterations (chromothripsis) observed in medulloblastomas ? Cancers with such alterations harbor TP53 mutations ? Context-specific link between the status of p53 and likelihood of chromothripsis ? p53 status and chromothripsis also correlate with aggressive acute myeloid leukemia     

Y-Family Polymerase Conformation Is a Major Determinant of Fidelity and Translesion Specificity

1. Download : Download high-res image (246KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Y-family polymerases differ in fidelity and translesion synthesis specificity ? Polymerase fidelity and specificity are controlled by the interdomain linker ? Three amino acids in the interdomain linker are sufficient to determine conformation ? Differences in polymerase conformation determine differences in polymerase activity     

Development and Regeneration of Sox2+ Endoderm Progenitors Are Regulated by a HDAC1/2-Bmp4/Rb1 Regulatory Pathway

1. Download : Download high-res image (97KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Hdac1/2 regulate development of Sox2+ endoderm progenitors ? Bmp4, Rb1, p21, and p16 are direct targets of Hdac1/2 in lung endoderm ? Increased Bmp4 suppresses Sox2 expression in lung endoderm ? Hdac1/2 are required for lung secretory epithelial regeneration     

Cotranslational Response to Proteotoxic Stress by Elongation Pausing of Ribosomes

1. Download : Download high-res image (177KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Proteotoxic stress reduces global protein synthesis by influencing elongation ? Proteotoxic stress induces ribosome pausing on mRNAs in the first 50 codons ? Molecular chaperones facilitate translation elongation by binding to nascent chains ? Ribosomes fine tune elongation rate in response to proteotoxic stress     

An ERK-p38 Subnetwork Coordinates Host Cell Apoptosis and Necrosis during Coxsackievirus B3 Infection

1. Download : Download high-res image (237KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Intracellular signaling predicts the fate of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-infected cells ? p38 and ERK signaling pathways are tightly interconnected during CVB3 infection ? CVB3-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes is inhibited by ERK5 and ERK1/2 pathways ? CVB3 induces necrosis of cardiomyocytes via p38 activation     

HMGB1-Facilitated p53 DNA Binding Occurs via HMG-Box/p53 Transactivation Domain Interaction,Regulated by the Acidic Tail

1. Download : Download high-res image (248KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Binding of p53 to its cognate DNA is facilitated by HMGB1 ? The N-terminal region of p53 (residues 38–61; TAD2) interacts with the HMG boxes ? The acidic tail of HMGB1 masks the p53 binding site in the free proteins ? The structure of the A-box/p53(1–93) complex shows that TAD2 acts as an ss-DNA mimic     

Structure of lipid kinase p110β/p85β elucidates an unusual SH2-domain-mediated inhibitory mechanism

1. Download : Download high-res image (245KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Both nSH2 and cSH2 domains of p85 inhibit basal activity of p110β ? p110β/p85β structure shows cSH2 contacts the C terminus of p110β ? Relief of cSH2 inhibition, unlike nSH2, requires extending beyond the pYXXM motif ? p110β C terminus is critical for phosphorylation of lipids and activation by RTKs     

Structural basis for substrate targeting and catalysis by fungal polysaccharide monooxygenases

1. Download : Download high-res image (185KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? 1.1/1.37 Å polysaccharide monooxygenases structures have active-site dioxygen species ? The structures reveal a large variance in substrate binding surfaces ? Proposed electron transport pathways in polysaccharide monooxygenases are conserved ? Polysaccharide monooxygenases and CBM₃₃ enzymes likely bind substrates differently     

p58IPK-Mediated Attenuation of the Proapoptotic PERK-CHOP Pathway Allows Malignant Progression upon Low Glucose

1. Download : Download high-res image (133KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Transformation-associated glucose shortage triggers ER stress ? The ER stress acts as barrier to malignancy by triggering UPR-dependent apoptosis ? p58^IPK expression removes the UPR barrier by attenuating its PERK-CHOP branch ? This adaptive mechanism enables implementation of UPR cytoprotective features