RNA干扰抑制麻疹病毒体外复制的实验研究

为了研究短发夹RNA(shRNA)介导的RNA干扰对麻疹病毒体外复制的抑制作用,构建靶向与麻疹病毒复制密切相关的宿主细胞基因Rab9 GTPase基因特异性shRNA表达载体,分别转染Vero-E6和B95a细胞后感染麻疹病毒Edmonston株和野生株。逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹技术(Western-blot)检测转染细胞内Rab9 GTPase基因表达水平;标准蚀斑试验测定麻疹病毒滴度。结果显示转染细胞内Rab9 GTPase mRNA和蛋白质的表达水平同对照组相比明显降低,标准蚀斑试验显示麻疹病毒的复制受到显著抑制,抑制率达到90%以上。结果表明载体介导的shRNAs能通过特异性下调Rab9 GTPase基因表达抑制麻疹病毒体外复制,Rab9 GTPase可能成为治疗麻疹病毒感染的RNA干扰靶。     

质粒介导的核衣壳蛋白siRNA干扰A型流感病毒复制的研究

A型流感病毒(Influenza virus)属于正粘病毒科流感病毒属,可引起鸟类、多种禽类、人类和低等哺乳动物的严重疾病[1],该病毒基因组为负链单股RNA病毒, 分8个节段,容易引起抗原漂移和抗原变异,现有的疫苗和药物不能有效的控制该病毒感染.     

质粒介导的核衣壳蛋白siRNA干扰A型流感病毒复制的研究

A型流感病毒(Influenzavirus)属于正粘病毒科流感病毒属,可引起鸟类、多种禽类、人类和低等哺乳动物的严重疾病[1],该病毒基因组为负链单股RNA病毒,分8个节段,容易引起抗原漂移和抗原变异,现有的疫苗和药物不能有效的控制该病毒感染。RNA干扰是由双链RNA(dsRNA)引发的信使RNA(mRNA)序列特异性消减现象,是一种保守的抗病毒机制,已发现于线虫、植物和哺乳动物中[2]。自然发生的RNAi是由一种dsRNA特异的的核酸内切酶Dicer RDE1引发的,它将dsRNA切割成21～23nt的小分子干扰RNA片断(small interferenceRNA,siRNA),siRNA再与某…     

RNA干扰抑制乙型肝炎病毒复制及基因表达研究进展

RNA干扰(RNAinterference,RNAi)是指由21～23个核苷酸组成的双链RNA(dsRNA)所引发的生物细胞内同源基因转录后沉默的现象,是生物体在进化过程中普遍存在的一种基因调控机制。目前对由乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)引起的病毒性肝炎尚无令人满意的治疗效果,而RNA干扰技术的出现为各类慢性HBV感染的治疗开辟了新的途径。本文对RNA干扰抑制HBV复制及基因表达的研究现状、存在问题及应用前景进行了综述。     

Inhibition of Influenza Virus Replication by Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of influenza virus-induced pneumonia in mouse models. Here we show that replication of influenza A and B viruses in Mabin Darby canine kidney cells is severely impaired by the NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine. Reduction of productively infected cells and virus production proved to correlate with inhibition of viral RNA synthesis, indicating that NO affects an early step in the replication cycle of influenza viruses.     

Inhibition of Leukaemia Virus Replication by Polyadenylic Acid

A PREVIOUS communication from this laboratory demonstrated that the DNA polymerase of the Rauscher leukaemia virus is strongly inhibited in vitro by unprimed, single stranded polyribonucleotides¹ as a result of competition between the polymers and the active template for the same enzyme binding site. This inhibition was apparently specific, since partially purified preparations of DNA polymerase from Escherichia coli and BALB/c mouse embryos were not inhibited in the same conditions. We attempted to determine therefore whether single stranded polyribonucleotides would have any effect on the activities of oncogenic RNA viruses in cultured cells.     

Inhibition of Replication of Lactic Dehydrogenase Virus by Actinomycin

Lactic dehydrogenase virus replicated rapidly in monolayers of primary mouse embryo cells and reached a titer of 10(8) mean infective dose per ml within 18 h after infection. Despite the high virus yield, cytopathology was not observed. Examination of the tissue culture media failed to reveal any evidence of interferon, but the virus was found to be as sensitive to mouse interferon as vesicular stomatitis virus. Incubation of mouse embryo cells with actinomycin D markedly inhibited viral replication, whereas cytosine-beta-d-arabinofuranoside and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine had no effect on replication. These findings indicate that new DNA synthesis is not required but suggest that the intact function of cellular DNA may be required for lactic dehydrogenase virus replication.     

pRNA介导的RNA干扰抑制HBV表达和复制的研究

为了研究由pRNA携带的siRNA(HBVsi18-42)所介导的RNAi过程能有效地抑制HBV的基因表达和病毒复制,我们利用细胞模型和高压注射小鼠模型评价HBVsi18-42对HBV复制和基因表达的抑制作用。通过Western印迹检测细胞内的HBsAg含量,用ELISA检测细胞培养上清和小鼠血清中的HBsAg水平,采用Southern印迹检测HBV的复制中间体,通过免疫组织化学检测肝组织切片中HBcAg的表达情况。试验结果显示,HBVsi18-42能以剂量依赖的方式在293T细胞中抑制HBsAg的表达以及在HepG2细胞中下调病毒HBsAg和HBeAg的表达和病毒复制中间体的水平。在小鼠模型中,注射后的3d内HBVsi18-42使小鼠血清中HBsAg的水平分别下降了98.98%、77.07%和60.73%,免疫组织化学检测显示,在注射后的第3天小鼠肝组织内HBcAg阳性细胞数减少了79.1%。初步结果显示HBVsi18-42无论是在细胞或是在小鼠模型中都能下调HBV的复制和基因的表达。本研究为我们下一步实现由pRNA介导的靶向RNAi及基因治疗提供了理论和技术支持。     

pRNA介导的RNA干扰抑制HBV表达和复制的研究

为了研究由pRNA携带的siRNA(HBVsi18-42)所介导的RNAi过程能有效地抑制HBV的基因表达和病毒复制,我们利用细胞模型和高压注射小鼠模型评价HBVsi18-42对HBV复制和基因表达的抑制作用.通过Western印迹检测细胞内的HBsAg含量,用ELISA检测细胞培养上清和小鼠血清中的HBsAg水平,采用Southern印迹检测HBV的复制中间体,通过免疫组织化学检测肝组织切片中HBcAg的表达情况.试验结果显示,HBVsi18-42能以剂量依赖的方式在293T细胞中抑制HBsAg的表达以及在HepG2细胞中下调病毒HBsAg和HBeAg的表达和病毒复制中间体的水平.在小鼠模型中,注射后的3d内HBVsi18-42使小鼠血清中HBsAg的水平分别下降了98.98%、77.07%和60.73%,免疫组织化学检测显示,在注射后的第3天小鼠肝组织内HBcAg阳性细胞数减少了79.1%.初步结果显示HBVsi18-42无论是在细胞或是在小鼠模型中都能下调HBV的复制和基因的表达.本研究为我们下一步实现由pRNA介导的靶向RNAi及基因治疗提供了理论和技术支持.     

反义RNA抑制猪传染性胃肠炎病毒复制的研究

根据反义RNA作用原理,设计一条互补猪传染性胃肠炎病毒基因(26888—27184)区的反义RNA序列。将该序列与逆转录病毒表达载体构建成质粒PLXSN—N5’,并与质脂体共转染PA317细胞,经G418(500μg／ml)筛选出稳定的产毒细胞克隆。取其上清液感染小鼠成纤维细胞NIH3T3,测定细胞克隆产生的假病毒滴度,用高滴度假病毒感染IBRS2细胞。提取被感染的IBRS2细胞总DNA和RNA,通过PCR和RT_PCR证明PL,XSN—N5’整合到IBRS2细胞基因组。病毒感染细胞病变表明,反义RNA有明显抑制TGEV复制的作用。     

反义RNA抑制猪传染性胃肠炎病毒复制的研究

根据反义RNA作用原理,设计一条互补猪传染性胃肠炎病毒基因(26888-27184)区的反义RNA序列.将该序列与逆转录病毒表达载体构建成质粒PLXSN-N5',并与质脂体共转染PA317细胞,经G418(500μg/ml)筛选出稳定的产毒细胞克隆.取其上清液感染小鼠成纤维细胞NIH3T3,测定细胞克隆产生的假病毒滴度,用高滴度假病毒感染IBRS2细胞.提取被感染的IBRS2细胞总DNA和RNA,通过PCR和RT-PCR证明PLXSN-N5'整合到IBRS2细胞基因组.病毒感染细胞病变表明,反义RNA有明显抑制TGEV复制的作用.     

Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Replication by Specific RNA Aptamers against HCV NS5B RNA Replicase

This study identified specific and avid RNA aptamers consisting of 2′-hydroxyl- or 2′-fluoropyrimidines against hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B replicase, an enzyme that is essential for HCV replication. These aptamers acted as potent decoys to competitively impede replicase-catalyzed RNA synthesis activity. Cytoplasmic expression of the 2′-hydroxyl aptamer efficiently inhibited HCV replicon replication in human liver cells through specific interaction with, and sequestration of, the target protein without either off-target effects or escape mutant generation. A selected 2′-fluoro aptamer could be truncated to a chemically manufacturable length of 29 nucleotides (nt), with increase in the affinity to HCV NS5B. Noticeably, transfection of the truncated aptamer efficiently suppressed HCV replication in cells without escape mutant appearance. The aptamer was further modified through conjugation of a cholesterol or galactose-polyethylene glycol ligand for in vivo availability and liver-specific delivery. The conjugated aptamer efficiently entered cells and inhibited genotype 1b subgenomic and genotype 2a full-length HCV JFH-1 RNA replication without toxicity and innate immunity induction. Importantly, a therapeutically feasible amount of the conjugated aptamer was delivered in vivo to liver tissue in mice. Therefore, cytoplasmic expression of 2′-hydroxyl aptamer or direct administration of chemically synthesized and ligand-conjugated 2′-fluoro aptamer against HCV NS5B could be a potent anti-HCV approach.     

用狂犬病毒核蛋白基因小干扰RNA库抑制狂犬病毒复制和感染的研究

采用RNase Ⅲ消化长片段双链RNA的方法,制备了狂犬病毒N基因、P基因和G基因小干扰RNA库(siRNA Cocktail).将siRNA转染BSR和MNA细胞单层后,采用直接免疫荧光法观察发现,N基因siRNA Cocktail 能够对RV的复制和感染产生明显和稳定的抑制作用,并且通过RT-PCR在转录水平探测到mRNA产量的降低;而P基因或G基因siRNA Cocktail对RV的复制和感染不产生或仅产生弱的抑制作用.这一结果为RNA干扰在RV研究中靶基因的选择及进一步的应用提供了依据.     

Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Replication by Thymidine

Replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was impeded in KB cells which were blocked in their capacity to synthesize DNA by 2 mM thymidine (TdR). The degree of inhibition was dependent upon the concentration of TdR. In marked contrast, HSV-1 is able to replicate under these conditions. The failure of HSV-2 to replicate is probably due to the inhibition of viral DNA synthesis; there was a marked reduction in the rate of DNA synthesis as well as the total amount of HSV-2 DNA made in the presence of 2 mM TdR. We postulated that the effect of TdR on viral replication occurs at the level of ribonucleotide reductase in a manner similar to KB cells. However, unlike KB cells, an altered ribonucleotide reductase activity, highly resistant to thymidine triphosphate inhibition, was found in extracts of HSV-2-infected KB cells. This activity was present in HSV-2-infected cells incubated in the presence or absence of TdR. Ribonucleotide reductase activity in extracts of HSV-1-infected KB cells showed a similar resistance to thymidine triphosphate inhibition. These results suggest that the effect of TdR on HSV-2 replication occurs at a stage of DNA synthesis other than reduction of cytidine nucleotides to deoxycytidine nucleotides.     

用狂犬病毒核蛋白基因小干扰RNA库抑制狂犬病毒复制和感染的研究

采用RNaseⅢ消化长片段双链RNA的方法,制备了狂犬病毒N基因、P基因和G基因小干扰RNA库(siRNACocktail)。将siRNA转染BSR和MNA细胞单层后,采用直接免疫荧光法观察发现,N基因siRNACocktail能够对RV的复制和感染产生明显和稳定的抑制作用,并且通过RT-PCR在转录水平探测到mRNA产量的降低;而P基因或G基因siRNACocktail对RV的复制和感染不产生或仅产生弱的抑制作用。这一结果为RNA干扰在RV研究中靶基因的选择及进一步的应用提供了依据。     

Inhibition of Influenza Virus Replication by Phosphorothioate and Liposomally Endocapsulated Oligonucleotides

Abstract

We have demonstrated that antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (S-ODNs) inhibit influenza virus A replication in MDCK cells. Phosphorothioate and liposomally encapsulated oligonucleotides with two target sites (PB1 and PB2) were synthesized and tested for virus-induced cytopathogenicity effects by a MTT assay using MDCK cells. The liposomally encapsulated S-ODNs complementary to the sites of the PB2-AUG initiation codon showed highly inhibitory effects. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of the liposomally encapsulated S-ODNs targeted to PB1 was considerably decreased in comparison with the PB2 target sites. The liposomally encapsulated oligonucleotides exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the free oligonucleotides. The activities of the modified oligonucleotides are effectively enhanced by using the liposomal carrier.