Neuronal Circuits Underlying Persistent Representations Despite Time Varying Activity

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Highlights? Time-varying neural activity can support stable stimulus representation ? A network architecture, named FEVER, guarantees stability of representation ? Structural features of sparse FEVER networks agree with existing measurements     

Epigenetic Regulation of miR-184 by MBD1 Governs Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

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Highlights? MBD1 governs the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) ? MBD1 controls the expression of miRNAs, including miR-184, in NSCs ? MiR-184 represses the expression of Numblike ? Numblike rescues the effects of abnormal MBD1 and miR-184 expression     

Division-coupled astrocytic differentiation and age-related depletion of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus

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Highlights? The neural stem cell pool declines over time during aging ? Neural stem cell activation prompts rapid asymmetric divisions ? After undergoing division, neural stem cells differentiate into astrocytes     

Dynamic Interaction between Sigma-1 Receptor and Kv1.2 Shapes Neuronal and Behavioral Responses to Cocaine

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Highlights? Sig-1R activity enhances sensitivity to cocaine by decreasing accumbal firing ? Cocaine decreases accumbal firing via Sig-1R-dependent increase of Kv1.2 current ? The Sig-1R forms a complex with Kv1.2 channel in the nucleus accumbens shell ? Cocaine triggers a long-lasting upregulation of the Sig-1R-Kv1.2 channel complex     

Dopamine controls neurogenesis in the adult salamander midbrain in homeostasis and during regeneration of dopamine neurons

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Highlights? Regeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons depends on decreased dopamine signaling ? L-dopa inhibits ependymoglia cell proliferation during dopamine neuron regeneration ? Proliferation of ependymoglia cells is constantly suppressed by dopamine signaling ? Inhibition of dopamine signaling evokes neurogenesis by quiescent ependymoglia cells     

Hypertrophy and unconventional cell division of hepatocytes underlie liver regeneration

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Highlights? Not all hepatocytes undergo cell division during liver regeneration ? Hypertrophy precedes proliferation in the regenerating liver ? Hepatocytes infrequently enter into M phase during liver regeneration ? Binuclear hepatocytes undergo cell division to generate mononuclear hepatocytes     

System-wide Rewiring Underlies Behavioral Differences in Predatory and Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes

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Highlights? Massive neural circuit rewiring between nematodes with divergent feeding behavior ? Striking patterns correlate with known functional differences ? Motor synapse differences indicate a substantial change in information flow ? Correlates of predatory feeding behavior are identified     

Proliferation-Dependent Alterations of the DNA Methylation Landscape Underlie Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging

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Highlights? Locus-specific alterations of the DNA methylome accompany HSC aging ? Methylation changes target genes expressed downstream of HSCs to alter HSC potential ? HSC potential, DNA methylation, and replicative limits depend on divisional history ? Aging and forced proliferation of HSC results in DNA hypermethylation of PRC2 targets     

Structural Mechanism of CCM3 Heterodimerization with GCKIII Kinases

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Highlights? Crystal structure of CCM3-MST4 heterodimeric complex ? Structural mechanism driving CCM3-GCKIII heterodimerization ? Conformational changes required for CCM3-GCKIII heterodimerization ? Synergistic effects of CCM3-MST4 complex on cell proliferation and migration     

Derepression of a Neuronal Inhibitor due to miRNA Dysregulation in a Schizophrenia-Related Microdeletion

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Highlights? A mouse model of a hemizygous 22q11.2 deletion shows over 50% reduction of miR-185 ? Mirta22 is a miR-185 target and a major effector of the 22q11.2 miRNA dysregulation ? Mirta22 is a prenatally biased neuronal inhibitor located in the Golgi apparatus ? Altered levels of miR-185 and Mirta22 affect dendrite and spine development     

Quiescent and Active Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells with Distinct Morphologies Respond Selectively to Physiological and Pathological Stimuli and Aging

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Highlights? Notch signaling defines morphologically distinct hippocampal stem cell populations ? Radial and horizontal hippocampal stem cells depend on canonical Notch signaling ? Different neural stem cell subpopulations respond selectively to neurogenic stimuli ? Aging results in a reversible transition of stem cells to a quiescent state     

Near-Real-Time Feature-Selective Modulations in Human Cortex

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Highlights? Understanding cognition requires knowledge of temporal dynamics of neural behavior ? SSVEP may be used to reconstruct orientation response profiles at a subsecond scale ? Provides a metric that can rapidly track information processing in human cortex     

Variation in the Dorsal Gradient Distribution Is a Source for Modified Scaling of Germ Layers in Drosophila

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Highlights? The germ layers of Drosophila species are unequally scaled to size during evolution ? Evolutionary changes in nuclear size and density affect the Dl gradient scaling ? Mesodermal variations rely on Dl distribution instead of regulation of target genes ? Dl gradient distortions allow new positioning of ventral neuroectodermal border     

Neuronal ER Stress Impedes Myeloid-Cell-Induced Vascular Regeneration through IRE1α Degradation of Netrin-1

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Highlights? Canonical ER stress pathways are activated in central neurons during hypoxia/ischemia ? The ER stress endoribonuclease IRE1α degrades the neurovascular guidance cue netrin-1 ? Neuronal-derived netrin-1 activates a reparative proangiogenic program in microglial cells ? Neuronal ER stress prevents reparative angiogenesis in the ischemic neural retina     

MicroRNA-9 Coordinates Proliferation and Migration of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitors

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Highlights? miR-9 is expressed in hESC-derived early hNPCs and their progeny ? Loss of miR-9 inhibits early hNPC proliferation and delays maturation ? miR-9 knockdown promotes hNPC migration in vitro and in vivo ? Stathmin is a target of miR-9 and mediates its effects in early hNPCs     

Rapid Whisker Movements in Sleeping Newborn Rats

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Highlights? Whiskers twitch rapidly and asynchronously in sleeping infant rats ? Whisker twitches result from activation of dedicated whisker skeletal muscles ? Whisker twitches trigger bursts of neural activity in whisker thalamus ? Barrel cortex exhibits discrete activation during periods of twitching     

Modeling Alzheimer’s Disease with iPSCs Reveals Stress Phenotypes Associated with Intracellular Aβ and Differential Drug Responsiveness

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Highlights? Familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s patient iPSC-derived neural cells were analyzed ? Intracellular Aβ oligomers accumulate in lines from some patients ? Aβ oligomer accumulation is associated with ER and oxidative stress ? DHA-alleviated ER and oxidative stresses improve cell viability