Structural and functional analysis of HtrA1 and its subdomains

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Highlights? IGFBP-like domain structure suggests that it is incompetent for IGF binding ? Kazal-like domain structure shows distorted “P1” loop incompetent for inhibition ? Protease domain shows catalytic readiness in apo form ? SAXS envelope for full-length HtrA1     

Structure and mechanism of the CMR complex for CRISPR-mediated antiviral immunity

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Highlights? EM structure of the CMR complex for viral RNA degradation has been determined ? The crRNA content of CMR has been analyzed by deep sequencing ? Target RNA cleavage by CMR is sequence dependent     

Essential features and rational design of CRISPR RNAs that function with the Cas RAMP module complex to cleave RNAs

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Highlights? CRISPR RNA function requires a conserved CRISPR sequence tag ? CRISPR RNAs can be engineered to direct cleavage of novel target RNAs ? The Cmr complex cleaves complementary RNAs in vivo     

Spatial Restriction of FGF Signaling by a Matrix Metalloprotease Controls Branching Morphogenesis

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Highlights? Drosophila Matrix Metalloprotease (Mmp) inhibits FGF signaling ? An FGF – MMP feedback loop regulates branching morphogenesis ? Mmp2 spatially regulates FGF signaling in epithelia     

Protein Conformation Ensembles Monitored by HDX Reveal a Structural Rationale for Abscisic Acid Signaling Protein Affinities and Activities

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Highlights? Conformations support PYL2 “gate” role in dimerization and phosphatase inhibition ? Structural mechanism of ABA-PYL2 affinity for HAB1 over kinases linked to Trp lock ? HDX suggests kinase activity is associated with a stable “closed” conformation     

Substrate recognition mechanism of atypical protein kinase Cs revealed by the structure of PKCι in complex with a substrate peptide from Par-3

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Highlights? The 3D structure of PKCι in complex with a peptide from Par-3 is determined ? PKCι does not need phosphorylation of Thr402 in its activation loop for its activity ? aPKCs do not need a priming kinase for their activations ? The PKCι/Par-3 structure reveals a unique substrate recognition patterns for aPKCs     

Functional implications from the Cid1 poly(U) polymerase crystal structure

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Highlights? Our structure identifies the UTP-binding pocket of the Cid1 protein ? The atomic model suggests a central role for the helix 4 ? We suggest that the NRM loop is blocked after triphosphate recognition ? We identify several loops likely involved in the RNA primer association/stabilization     

GRSF1 Regulates RNA Processing in Mitochondrial RNA Granules

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Highlights? GRSF1 resides in the mitochondrial matrix and is required for mitochondrial function ? GRSF1 is required for the processing of tRNA-containing and tRNA-lacking precursors ? GRSF1, RNase P, and nascent RNA are part of “mitochondrial RNA granules” ? Mitochondrial RNA granules are functionally linked to RNA processing     

Direct Conversion of Fibroblasts to Neurons by Reprogramming PTB-Regulated MicroRNA Circuits

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Highlights? Diminished PTB expression is sufficient to trans-differentiate fibroblasts to neurons ? PTB plays a key role in a regulatory loop to suppress neuronal-specific genes ? PTB regulates gene expression at both the splicing and RNA stability levels ? PTB modulates microRNA targeting by competition or switching RNA structure     

Rac1 drives melanoblast organization during mouse development by orchestrating pseudopod- driven motility and cell-cycle progression

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Highlights? Rac1 and the Scar/WAVE complex drive pseudopod-based motility of melanoblasts ? Rac1-depleted melanoblasts move using unique actin-based stubs and not blebs ? Rac1 controls pseudopod frequency but is dispensable for pseudopod formation ? Loss of Rac1 delays melanoblast cell-cycle progression and cytokinesis     

Requirements for efficient correction of ΔF508 CFTR revealed by analyses of evolved sequences

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Highlights? Statistical coupling analyses reveal positions linked to F508 ? Coupled positions reveal that the ΔF508 mutation interferes with two steps in CFTR folding ? Two defects of ΔF508 misfolding explain the efficacy ceiling observed for correctors ? Correction of both defective steps is synergistic and required to restore function     

PGC-1 Coactivators Regulate MITF and the Tanning Response

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Highlights? PGC-1 induces pigment formation in melanocytes ? PGC-1s activate expression of MITF ? α-MSH induces PGC-1s, which are required for induction of melanogenic genes ? eQTLs in human PGC-1β are associated with tanning ability and melanoma protection     

Loss of Scar/WAVE Complex Promotes N-WASP- and FAK-Dependent Invasion

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Highlights? Arp2/3 complex drives epithelial cell invasion in the absence of WRC ? Loss of WRC promotes N-WASP-dependent invasion and degradative focal adhesions ? Loss of WRC promotes FAK activation and enhances anchorage-independent growth ? WRC suppresses cell transformation and tumor formation     

β-Catenin-Driven Binary Fate Specification Segregates Germ Layers in Ascidian Embryos

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Highlights? β-catenin nuclear asymmetry after animal-vegetal-oriented cell divisions ? β-catenin nuclear asymmetry drives binary cell fate choices ? Combinatorial codes of nuclear β-catenin activation segregate ascidian germ layers ? Nuclear β-catenin ON-to-OFF activity is required for marginal mesoderm formation     

Interplay between the Dividing Cell and Its Neighbors Regulates Adherens Junction Formation during Cytokinesis in Epithelial Tissue

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Highlights? During cytokinesis, neighboring cells accumulate MyoII at the edges of the furrow ? MyoII nonautonomously sets the initial geometry of the daughter cell interface ? Neighboring membranes impede adherens junction (AJ) formation until a midbody forms ? Arp2/3-dependent actin accumulation in the dividing cell maintains AJ geometry     

FAM3B PANDER and FAM3C ILEI Represent a Distinct Class of Signaling Molecules with a Non-Cytokine-like Fold

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Highlights? Contrary to previous predictions FAM3B PANDER exhibits a new non-cytokine-like fold ? The new fold is also conserved in FAM3C ILEI and involved in cancer and tumor formation ? FAM3 is a new class of signaling molecules different from currently known cytokines     

Biologically and chemically mediated adsorption and precipitation of phosphorus from wastewater

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Highlights? Phosphorus (P) ineffluent can be removed by biological/chemical-driven adsorption and precipitation. ? Phosphorus adsorption by filters and struvite formation are promising options in this field. ? Emerging adsorption approaches include P removal by polymers/nanomaterials.