中国锈革孔菌科两新记录种

本文报道了中国秀革孔菌科两个新记录种,路易斯安纳纤孔菌Inonotus ludovicianus和金黄木层孔菌Phellinus chryseus。这两个种分别采自于广东省的南岭自然保护区和海南省的尖峰岭自然保护区。根据所采集的材料对这两种真菌进行了详细描述。     

中国的肉座菌科Ⅴ。肉棒菌属

所有保存于HMAS、HKAS和HMIGD的采自中国的肉棒菌属Podostroma标本被重新研究,鉴定出肉棒菌Palutaceum和粗肉棒菌P.grossum两个种,对这两个种重新进行了详细的描述。鹿角状肉棒菌P.cornu-damae由于缺乏可靠的标本仍存有疑问。滇肉棒菌P.yunnanensis被作为粗肉棒菌P.grossum的异名。     

中国的肉座菌科V. 肉棒菌属

所有保存于HMAS、HKAS和 HMIGD的采自中国的肉棒菌属Podostroma标本被重新研究,鉴定出肉棒菌P. alutaceum和粗肉棒菌P. grossum两个种,并对这两个种重新进行了详细的描述。鹿角状肉棒菌P. cornu-damae由于缺乏可靠的标本仍存有疑问。滇肉棒菌P. yunnanensis被作为粗肉棒菌P. grossum的异名。     

齿裂菌属的两个新种

本文报道齿裂菌属的两个新种一贵州齿裂菌和油杉齿裂菌。前者发生在贵州织金县华山松的枝条上,后一种见于福建省福州市油杉的落叶上。对这两个种作了汉文、拉丁文描述和图解。     

中国产丝齿菌属的研究小记

对中国产丝齿菌属Hyphodontia的种类进行了研究,并记录了30个种。其中弯孢产丝齿菌Hyphodontia curvispora是中国的新记录种,热带产丝齿菌Hyphodontia tropica是首次在中国大陆的报道。根据作者的采集标本对这两个种进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图,同时还给出了中国产丝齿菌属30个种的检索表。     

中国东北地区木材腐朽菌的多样性(英文)

对中国东北地区木材腐朽菌资源研究进行了总结,给出了每种木材腐朽菌的寄主和在东北的分布。目前中国东北地区共记载木材腐朽菌504种,其中300种为多孔菌,204种为革菌,57种为林木病原菌,69种为药用菌。梨多年卧孔菌Perenniporia pyricola和北方赖特孔菌Wrightoporia borealis为新种,对它们进行了描述和绘图。对所有名称按最新命名法规(维也纳法规)进行了订正。     

中国木生革菌研究3.原毛平革属

本文报道了三种木生革菌:南方原毛平革菌Phanerochaete australis,纤毛原毛平革菌P.calotricha和革质原毛平革菌P.stereoides,分别采自河南省,吉林省和湖北省。前两种是中国新记录种,最后一种为中国大陆首次报道。本文根据采集到的标本对它们进行了详细的描述和绘图,并给出了我国该属已知19种的分种检索表。     

中国珊瑚菌一新记录属——扁枝瑚菌属

报道了中国热带珊瑚菌类的一新纪录属--扁枝瑚菌属Scytinopogon.目前该属在我国仅在云南的西双版纳采到两种,即扁枝瑚菌S.pallescen和刺孢扁枝瑚菌S.echinosporus.文中对这两个种进行了描述,并附有插图.研究标本保存于中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本室(HKAS).     

马鞍菌属新种和新记录(一)

有关马鞍菌属 Helvella 的历史,属种概念以及中国已知种的检索表已作过报道(刘波等,1985)。本文描述了近年来采到的两个新种:粘马鞍菌 Helvella glutinosa sp.nov.和伞形马鞍菌 H.galeriformis sp.nov.;四个新记录:白柄马鞍菌 H.albellu Quél.,小马鞍菌H.helvellula(Dur.et Mont.)Dissing,乳白马鞍菌 H.lactea Boud.和脉马鞍菌 H.phlebo-phora Pat.et Doass.。此外,斑点马鞍菌 H.maculata Weber 虽已作过报道和描述(李静丽等,1986),然而由于它是一个非常具特征性的种,而且有一限制的地理分布,因此本文也对它进行了更充分的描述和讨论。     

中国珊瑚菌一新记录属——扁枝瑚菌属

报道了中国热带珊瑚菌类的一新纪录属——扁枝瑚菌属Scytinopogon。目前该属在我国仅在云南的西双版纳采到两种,即扁枝瑚菌S.pallescen和刺孢扁枝瑚菌S.echinosporus。文中对这两个种进行了描述,并附有插图。研究标本保存于中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本室(HKAS)。     

Notulae de Ranunculaceis sinensibus (ⅩⅩⅢ)

(1) In this paper, differences among the five genera constituting the tribe Cimi cifugeae of the family Ranunculaceae are discussed. Beesia, the first genus, with compound cymes and flowers bearing neither petals nor staminodes, is different from the other four genera with simple or compound racemes and flowers bearing either petals or staminodes, and may occupy a primitive position within the tribe. As to the other four genera, Souliea is characterized by the stem without basal leaf but with 2～5 sheath-like cataphylls, the sepals being deciduous but not caducous, moderate in size and petaloid, the petals being much smaller than sepals, but pink in color and more or less petaloid, the pollen grains being pan tocolpate or pantoporate, the carpels being 1～3 per flower, when mature forming dry linear follicles conspicuously reticulate on the surface and dehiscent along the ventral suture, and the seeds being reticulate-foveolate on the surface. These diagnostic characters indicate clear ly that Souliea might have deviated from the lineage formed by the next three genera, i. e. Anemopsis, Cimicifuga, and Actaea, which have their own well-recognizable diagnostic characters. Anemopsis is characterized by the normally developed basal leaf, the racemose inflorescence with sparse and few long pedicellate flowers, the sepals 7～10 in number, mod erate in size, and petaloid, the petals slightly smaller than sepals, the tricolpate pollen grains, the carpels 2～4 per flower, stalked, when mature forming dry oblong follicles with transverse veins on the surface, and the seeds with scaly membranous wings. Cimicifuga is distinguished by the normally developed basal leaf, the caducous, small, often sepaloid sepa ls, the organs of the second floral whorl sometimes with empty sterile anthers being stamin odes not petals, the tricolpate pollen grains, the carpels 1～8 per flower, when mature form ing dry oblong or ovoid follicles with transverse veins on the surface, and the seeds usually with scaly membranous wings. The last genus Actaea is different by the basal leaf trans formed into a small scale, the caducous, small, often sepaloid sepals, the organs of the sec ond floral whorl being clawed petals, the pollen grains with 3(4～6) colpi, carpel 1 per flow er, when mature forming a fleshy indehiscent berry smooth on the surface and without any veins, the seeds roughish or slightly rugose, neither foveolate nor winged on the surface, and the advanced most asymmetric karyotype. According to the diagnostic characters given above, we believe that Beesia, Souliea, Anemopsis, Cimicifuga, and Actaea do represent five independent genera, and the treatment of the tribe Cimicifugeae including these five genera in it by Hutchinson (1923), Janchen (1949) and some other authors, has precisely shown the taxonomic diversity within the tribe. We are therefore unable to accept the treatment published by Compton et al. (1998) to lump the two genera, Souliea and Cimicifuga, into the genus Actaea. (2) Compton et al. (1998, 1997) found out that the Chinese plants previously identified by various authors as Cimicifuga foetida L., in which the terminal and lateral racemes of the compound raceme flower more or less simultaneously, differ from the true C. foetida L. in northern Asia, in which the terminal raceme of the compound raceme flowers before the lateral ones, and thus restored the species name Cimicifuga mairei Lévl. , which was formerly reduced to the synonymy of C. foetida L. , for the Chinese plants. After examining the specimens collected from Siberia and from Southwest China we failed to find out any other differences in both vegetative and reproductive organs between the plants of the two regions, and we consider that it is better to treat the populations in Southwest and Central China as a geographical variety of Cimicifuga foetida L. A new combination, Cimicifuga foetida L. var. mairei (Lévl.) W. T. Wang & Zh. Wang, is thus made. (3) 3 species of Delphinium, 1 species and 1 variety of Clematis are described as new.     

贵州罗甸纳水上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)地层的再研究

本文详细描述了贵州罗甸纳水上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)剖面的生物地层和年代地层,其牙形刺序列自上而下可详细划分为：Streptognathodus isolatus, S. wabaunsensis, S. tenuialveus, S. firmus, Idiognathodus nashuiensis , Streptognathodus simulator, S. guizhouensis , S. gracilis-S, excelsus , S. cancellosus , S. clavatulus , S. nodocarinatus , Idiognathodus podolskensis , Mesogondolella clarki -Idiognathodus robustus , Diplognathodus ophanus-D, ellesmerensis, Idiognathoides ouachitensis, Streptognathodus expansus, Idiognathoides sulcatus parva, Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus bassleri, Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus symmetricus, Neognathodus symmetricus, Idiognathoides corrugatus-I, pacificus, I. sinuatus, I. sulcatus sulcatus, Declinognathodus noduli ferus 和 Gnathodus bilineatus bollandensis 等带。 Declinognathodus noduliferus 和 Streptognathodus isolatus 的首次出现分别代表上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)和二叠系的开始。根据牙形刺和有孔虫的序列,罗甸纳水剖面的上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)地层自下而上可划分为罗苏阶(Luosuan)、滑石板阶(Huashibanian)、达拉阶(Dalaan)和马平阶(Mapingian),并可与俄罗斯的巴什基尔阶(Bashkirian)、莫斯科阶(Moscovian)、卡西莫夫阶(Kasimovian)和格舍尔阶(Gzhelian),北美的莫罗阶(Morrowan)、阿托克阶(Atokan)、得梅因阶(Desmoinesian)、密苏里阶(Missourian)和弗吉尔阶(Virgilian)进行对比。另外,本文也详细讨论了剖面中的石炭系中间界线及石炭-二叠系界线。     

Early Cretaceous Palynofloras from Tarim Basin,Xinjiang

One hundred and eight species of fossil spores and pollen referred to 55 genera found from the Lower Cretaceous Kapushaliang (Kizilsu) Group in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang have been studied in this paper. The Kapushaliang Group may be divided into the Yageliemu Formation, the Shushanhe Formation and Baxigai Formation in ascending order. The Yageliemu palynoflora is characterized by the predominance of gymnospermous pollen, the relative abundance of pteridophytic spores and the absence of angiospermous pollen. Coniferae is dominant, while Lygodiaceae and Schizaeaceae are important in the flora. The most common species of palynomorphs are Todisporites minor, Cicatricosisporites dorogensis, C. australiensis, Lygodiumsporites subsimplex, Schizaeoisporites cretacius, S. zizyphinus, S. certus. Cibotiumspora paradoxa, Cyathidites australis, C. minor, Biretisporites potoniael, Cycadopites minimus, Pseudowalchia hiangulina, Parvisaccites radiatus, Podocarpidites multesimus, P. canadensis, Alisporites bilateralis, Cedripites cretaceus, C. canadenris, Abietineaepollenites microalatus, Clarsopollis classoides, C annulatus, C. xinjiangensis (sp. nov.), Ephedripites multicostatus, E. tarimensis (sp. nov.), etc . The palynoflora is comparable with those of the lower part of the Lower Xinminbu Formation in northwestern China and the lower part of the Lower Mannville Formation in western Canada, which is considered corresponding from Berriasian to Valanginian in age. The Shushanhe palynoflora is also characterized by dominance of gymnosperms and subdominance of pteridophyta. Some primitive angiospermons pollen grains are found in the upper part of the formation. In addition to the most common species of the above mentioned palynoflora, the important species in the present palynoflora comprise Cicatricosisporites potomacensis, C. orbiculatus, C. subrotundus, Concavissimisporites punctatus, C. verrucosus, C. globosus, lmpardecispora apiverrucata, Trilobosporites crassus, T. trioreticulosus, Pilosisporites verus, P. trichopapillosus, Klukisporites pseudoreticulatus, Verrucosisporites obscurilaesuratur, Converrucosisporites saskatchewanensis, Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis, Cingulatisporites valdensis, C. ruginosus, Jiaohepollis verus, Pityosporites constrictus, etc. More than 40 in dicative species of Early Cretaceous occur in the assemblage. The palynoflora compares clcsely with those of the middle part of the Lower Xinminbu Formation and the Quartz Sand Member of the Lower Mannville Formatton. It is suggested that the Shushanhe Formation should belong to Hauterivian of Barremian in age. The Baxigai palynoflora is basically similar to the Shushanhe palynoflora. But the palynoflora shows an obvious increase in abundance of lygodiaceous spores and angiospermous pollen accompanied by a great reduction of Classopollis and Ephedripltes. Most of the Early Cretaceous species occurring in the above mentioned palynofloras are present. In addition, some Cretaceous species recorded from Aptian and Albian Stages in Europe, North America and Australia, such as Trilobosporites tribotrys, T. trioreticulosus, Coptospora paradoxa, Camarozonosporites insignis, Crybelosporites punctatus, etc., appear in the assemblage. In comparison with the microfloras of the upper part of the Lower Xinminbu Formation, the Upper Mannville Formation and the lower part of the Lower Colorado Group, the Baxigai Forma- tion should be referred to Aptian to Albian in age. Judging from the palynofloras, the early Cretaceous palaeoclimate in the basin should belong to the arid or semi-arid type of the subtropic zone. However, from Barremtan through Albian the climatic conditions might appear relatively wet.     

Importance of biological and abiotic factors for geochemical cycling in a freshwater eutrophic lake

Here we report the results of a comprehensive biogeochemical monitoring of Rostherne Mere in 1998, including changes in dissolved oxygen, organic carbon and nitrogen, nitrate/nitrite, ammonia, Al, Na, S, K, Mg, Ca, Si, Fe, Mn, orthophosphate, particulate N & P, suspended solids, temperature, pH, chlorophyll-a and zooplankton. The results demonstrated the major influence of primary producers on the overall geochemical cycling of N, P and Si, and suggested that the significance of zooplankton might have been previously underestimated. For major anions and cations, however, the influence of biota on lake water concentrations appeared to be negligible, reflecting the fact that these chemicals were present far in excess of plankton requirements. Thus changes in concentrations of Ca, K, Na, Mg and S were rather limited and must have reflected changes in hydrological and meteorological parameters. K, however, demonstrated a transitional pattern, reflecting some influence of biological uptake. During the stratification period, the slow processes of bacterial decomposition in the hypolimnion gradually released chemicals contained in the materials accumulated in the bottom layer, remarkably increasing the concentrations of dissolved compounds of those elements present in amounts comparable with the pool stored in the sedimenting detritus (e.g. orthophosphate P, ammonia N, Si and DOC). The decomposition also resulted in a drop in the redox potential, followed by partial denitrification and chemical release from the sediments. The hypolimnion of the Mere was confirmed to remain at the stage of Mn release, characterised by accumulation of DOC, orthophosphates, ammonia and initial stages of denitrification. High levels of P released from the sediments during the stratification period suggest that the lake’s recovery after sewage diversion might be further delayed.     

Embryology of Swertia (Gentianaceae) relative to taxonomy

The embryological features of three species of Swertia ( s.l.) – S. erythrosticta , S. franchetiana , and S. tetraptera – were characterized, and the observations were used, together with previously gathered data on other species, to evaluate a recently proposed polyphyly, based on molecular data, of Swertia s.l. Comparisons of species within the genus showed that they have diversified embryologically, and there are significant between-species differences. Notable features that vary between species include the number of cell layers that form the anther locule wall, the construction of the wall of the mature anther, tapetum origin, the cell number in mature pollen grains, the structure of the fused margins of the two carpels, the ovule numbers in placental cross-sections, the shape of the mature embryo sac, the degree of ovule curvature, antipodal variation and the presence of a hypostase, and seed appendages. They share characters that are widely distributed in the tribe Gentianeae, such as a dicotyledonous type of anther wall formation, a glandular tapetum with uninucleate cells, simultaneous cytokinesis following the meiosis of the microsporocytes, tetrahedral microspore tetrads, superior, bicarpellary and unilocular ovaries, unitegmic and tenuinucellar ovules, Polygonum -type megagametophytes, progamous fertilization, nuclear endosperm, and Solanad-type embryogeny. The presence of variation in embryological characters amongst the species of Swertia s.l. strongly supports the view that Swertia s.l. is not a monophyletic group. Frasera is better separated from Swertia s.l. as an independent genus, and is only distantly related to Swertia s.s. judging from the numerous differences in embryology. Swertia tetraptera is very closely related to Halenia , as they show identical embryology.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 155 , 383–400.     

小鼠基因组中的微卫星重复序列的数量、分布和密度

作者分析了老鼠基因组中各染色体及其内含子、外显子和基因间区上各种类型的微卫星(1-6个碱基的重复序列)的数量及其密度。SSR约占老鼠基因组的2.85%,其中46.2%存在于基因间区,4.75%存在于外显子,49.05%在内含子区域,即非编码区富含微卫星。微卫星的数量与染色体或基因区域的大小有关,但密度与染色体或基因区域的大小的关系并不十分密切。第4染色体的外显子区域中6种类型的SSR含量都比其它区域少。A,T,AC,AG,AT,AAC,AAG,AGG,AAAC,AAAG,AAAT,AACC,AAAAC,AAAAG,AAAAT,AAACC,AAAGG,AAGAG,AAAAAC,AAAAAG,AAAAAT,AAAGAG,ACACAT,ACAGAG,ACAGGC,ACATAT是老鼠基因组中主要的SSR类型,而一些5碱基重复单元的SSR在老鼠基因组的某一条甚至某几条染色体都不存在     

Patterns and processes of heterochrony in Mesozoic goniasterid sea-stars

Heterochronic processes are obvious in the most common family of Mesozoic asteroids, the Goniasteridae, whether studied from entire fossils or, as is more frequently the case, from isolated ossicles. When phylogeny is poorly known, comparison between species leads to such unsatisfactory interpretations as 'A is more paedomorphic than B' or 'C, compared with other species, has many peramorphic characters'. When the phylogeny is known, heterochronic trends appear amongst the lineages. The peramorphocline Metopaster parkinsoni - M. loirensis-M. trichilae-M. chilipora-M. hypertelicus is studied here from the Cenomanian to the Upper Campanian of France. Different morphological characters evolved at different speeds. Among each polymorphous population, some morphotypes foreshadowed the next step. Juveniles of one species look like the adults of one of the ascendants. The cline developed irrespective of the substrate, and proceeded together with a migration from the Anglo-Paris Basin to the Aquitanian Basin. Metopaster hunteri , during the Coniacian, and Metopaster meudonensis , during the Upper Campanian, both evolved from Metopaster parkinsoni by neoteny, and provide a good example of reiterated and canalized morphological evolution. Some non-heterochronic canalizations are described.     

Comparative morphology of male reproductive systems in Mediterranean blennies (Blenniidae)

The male reproductive organs of 16 species of Mediterranean Blenniidae ( Aidablennius sphynx, Blennius ocellaris, Coryphoblennius galerita, Lipophrys adriaticus, L. canevae, L. dalmatinus, L. nigriceps, Parablennius gattorugine, P. incognitus, P. sanguinolentus, P. rouxi, P. tentacularis, P. zvonimiri, Paralipophrys trigloides, Salaria pavo and Scartella cristata ) consist of pairs of testes, testicular glands, spermatic ducts, and blind pouches. Three main types of accessory sex organs were found by comparing the external morphology of the male gonads. Differences between species were observed in the volume of the testicular gland in relation to the volume of the testis and in the size and length of the spermatic ducts, and blind pouches. The anatomy of the testicular glands of all species investigated do not differ. Each gland consists of ducts that appear to be tubules which terminate at the testis periphery on one side and at the spermatic duct on the other side. Contrary to previous claims, A. sphynx has no fat body in place of the testicular gland; the gland of this species was not distinguishable from that of the other species investigated. In the Lipophrys species, in P. trigloides , and in B. ocellaris , a transition zone between testis and testicular gland is present. The testicular blind pouches empty into the spermatic ducts, into the ureter, or separately on the genital papilla. In most species, the epithelium has no or low folds, while in S. pavo it possesses high folds that nearly fill the lumen of the blind pouches. The morphological results are discussed in connection with taxonomy, ecology, and behaviour of the fishes.     

Occluded Umbilicus In The Pinacitinae (Devonian) And Its Palaeoecological Implications

Eifelian (Middle Devonian) ammonoids of the Pinacitinae Hyatt, 1900 ( Exopinacites , Pinacites )with preserved shell structures from the eastern Anti–Atlas (Morocco) have revealed unusual morphological features. The Pinacitinae belong to the earliest ammonoids which closed their umbilici. As an approach to an interpretation of these structures, the representatives of the subfamily Pinacitinae ( Exopinacites singularis , Pinacites jugleri , P. eminens ) are compared with other ammonoids, e.g. Acrimeroceras , Araucanites , Clistoceras , Gaudryceras , Nathorstites , Prolobites , and Synpharciceras , which produced umbilical plugs and covers. Some of these are comparable in structure to Nautilus pompilius and N. belauensis . In contrast to all of these taxa, the lateral shell wall of the Pinacitinae reached the centre of the umbilicus and formed an umbilical lid. The umbilical shell wall rests on the umbilical lid of the previous whorl. This construction probably had the advantage that it improved the hydrodynamic properties of the conch, along with the oxyconic conch shape and the approximately horizontal orientation of the aperture.     

草鱼鳃上寄生毛管虫一新种——变异毛管虫的研究

吸管亚纲(Subclass suctoria)中,多数种类具有或长或短的炳,附着它物上营固着生活。寄生在鱼类体表、鳃丝内的毛管虫(Trichophrya)和簇管虫(Erastophrya)的种类中,至今未见报道有固着柄的代表。