EphA3基因稳定表达细胞模型的建立与分析

目的：建立稳定表达外源EphA3基因的小鼠成纤维细胞株模型,初步探讨EphA3基因表达对肿瘤发生、发展的影响。方法：通过脂质体介导的方法,将真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（-）/myc-his-EphA3转染NIH3T3细胞,用Western印迹确定外源EphA3基因表达;通过MTT实验、软琼脂集落形成实验,观察EphA3基因表达对NIH3T3细胞生物学特性的影响。结果：建立了稳定转染EphA3基因的NIH3T3细胞株;EphA3基因表达的小鼠成纤维NIH3T3细胞生长速度没有明显变化,但在软琼脂上锚着非依赖生长的能力加强。结论：建立了稳定表达外源EphA3基因的NIH3T3细胞株,EphA3基因稳定表达具有诱导正常NIH3T3细胞发生恶性转化的重要生物功能。     

pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1^M26I重组载体构建及其对NIH3T3细胞增殖和凋亡研究

目的构建pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1和pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1M26I重组表达载体,为研究DJ-1M26I突变与细胞增殖、凋亡的关系及建立转基因动物模型奠定基础。方法采用突变试剂盒将DJ-1蛋白第26位氨基酸进行突变,分别构建pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1和pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1M26I重组表达载体,并采用脂质体介导的方法分别将其转染入NIH3T3细胞,500μg/mL G418压力筛选稳定克隆,对2种转染细胞在DNA水平、RNA水平和蛋白质水平进行鉴定,采用MTT染色方法和AnnexinV-FITC试剂盒进行转染阳性克隆细胞的细胞活力与细胞凋亡检测。结果 pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1和pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1M26I重组质粒转染NIH3T3细胞经G418筛选后,PCR方法检测分别获得1个和3个阳性细胞克隆,RT-PCR及western blot方法进行DJ-1-His基因表达检测,结果均证明外源插入基因的表达,MTT实验结果初步证明转染DJ-1M26I基因的NIH3T3阳性细胞组细胞增殖速率低于正常NIH3T3细胞组（P〈0.05）,转染DJ-1基因的NIH3T3阳性细胞组细胞增殖速率与正常NIH3T3细胞相比无明显差别;细胞凋亡检测表明转染DJ-1M26I基因的NIH3T3阳性细胞组细胞凋亡率高于正常NIH3T3细胞,转染DJ-1基因的NIH3T3阳性细胞组细胞凋亡率低于正常NIH3T3细胞（P〈0.05）。结论成功构建pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1和pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1 M26I重组表达载体,成功筛选出稳定表达人DJ-1及DJ-1 M26I的NIH3T3细胞。DJ-1 M26I基因突变更易导致NIH3T3细胞的凋亡。     

DJ-1~（L166P）与DJ-1~（M26I）基因对NIH3T3细胞增殖和凋亡的比较

目的在细胞学水平比较DJ、DJ-1M26 I、DJ-1L166 P基因对NIH 3T3细胞增殖速率与凋亡的关系,为建立转基因动物模型及帕金森疾病发病机制研究奠定基础。方法分别将pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1、pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1L166 P和pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1M26 I重组质粒脂质体方法转染NIH 3T3细胞,500μg/ml G418压力筛选稳定克隆,对3种转染细胞在DNA水平、RNA水平和蛋白质水平进行鉴定,采用MTT染色方法和Annexin V-FITC试剂盒进行转染阳性克隆细胞的细胞活力与细胞凋亡检测。结果 pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1、pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1L166 P和pcDNA3.1/myc-His-DJ-1M26 I重组质粒转染NIH 3T3细胞经G418筛选后,PCR方法检测分别获得1个、4个、3个阳性细胞克隆,RT-PCR及Western blot方法进行DJ-1-His基因表达检测,结果均证明外源插入基因的表达,Caspase-3 RNA水平检测DJ-1L166 P和DJ-1M26 I组表达高于正常NIH 3T3细胞组,而DJ-1组caspase-3转录水平相对最低,MTT实验结果初步证明转染DJ-1L166 P和DJ-1M26 I基因的NIH3T3阳性细胞组细胞增殖速率均低于DJ-1组和正常NIH 3T3细胞组（P〈0.05）,转染DJ-1基因的NIH 3T3阳性细胞增殖速率与正常NIH 3T3细胞相比无明显差别;细胞凋亡检测表明转染DJ-1L166 P和DJ-1M26 I基因的NIH3T3阳性细胞凋亡率均高于正常NIH 3T3细胞,转染DJ-1基因的NIH 3T3阳性细胞凋亡率低于正常NIH 3T3细胞（P〈0.05）。结论 DJ-1L166 P和DJ-1M26 I基因突变均降低NIH3T3细胞增殖速率,DJ-1L166 P和DJ-1M26 I基因突变更易导致NIH 3T3细胞的凋亡,DJ-1L166 P和DJ-1M26 I基因突变对NIH3T3细胞增殖速率和细胞凋亡影响是相似的。     

几种不同细胞系之间P68 RNA解旋酶表型差异的研究

对分别来自4种不同细胞系的细胞,在生长期间胞内P68 RNA解旋酶的动态变化进行了蛋白质和mRNA的比较研究。结果发现随着细胞培养时间的延长,各系细胞中P68 RNA解旋酶均呈现出有规律的改变,并且这种规律具有明显的细胞系特征:肿瘤细胞系之间表现出P68 RNA解旋酶蛋白条带单一的一致性;非肿瘤细胞系P68 RNA解旋酶蛋白出现多条带变化,并表现出明显的适应性;肿瘤细胞系与非肿瘤细胞系之间P68 RNA解旋酶的表型存在着明显的差异,这种差异从分子水平上揭示出P68 RNA解旋酶与细胞生长密切相关,并可能与细胞癌化有关。对产生这种差异的可能原因及其生物学意义进行了讨论。     

STK15的表达对NIH3T3细胞的影响

目的构建pcDNA3.1-STK15表达质粒,探讨STK15基因对小鼠成纤维细胞（NIH3T3）的影响。方法构建pcDNA3.1-STK15质粒,将其转染NIH3T3,应用RT-PCR、免疫细胞化学和Western印迹方法检测STK15的表达;MTT法检测细胞增殖能力;Transwell检测细胞侵袭能力。结果转染pcDNA3.1-STK15质粒的NIH3T3细胞在48 h有STK15的表达,而且该细胞的增殖速度和穿透Matrigel胶的细胞数均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论STK15基因具有增加细胞增殖和细胞侵袭力的功能,进而形成肿瘤。     

蓖麻蚕rRNA基因中SAR对真核基因表达的调控

蓖麻蚕核糖体RNA基因非转录间隔区（NTS）有一长约1kb所核骨架结合区（scaffold-associated region,SAR）。将这一序列克隆到含荧光素酶（luciferase）报告基因的真核表达载体pLu中,在阳离子脂质体的介导下对NIH3T3细胞进行瞬时转染（transient transfection)及稳定转化（stable transformed)株的筛选,然后检测SAR在瞬时转染及稳定整合条件下对荧光毒酶报告基因表达活性的影响。实验结果表明,在稳定转化的细胞中,该SAR对lucicerase基因的有明显的激活作用,增强基因表达活性约15倍;而在瞬时表达的条件下,SAR激活基因表达的作用不明显。说明SAR增强基因的表达可能需要整合在染色体上才能完成,我们用Southwestern印9迹法实验进一步证实了蓖麻蚕rRNA基因的SAR能特异性地与NIH3T3细胞核骨架蛋白结合,因此该SAR的作用具有非组织特异性。     

绵羊肺腺瘤病毒pEGFP-C1/exJSRV-env构建及引起NIH3T3细胞恶性转化的研究

为了构建绵羊肺腺瘤病毒囊膜基因真核表达质粒并观察绵羊肺腺瘤病毒囊膜蛋白在293T细胞中的定位情况以及探讨是否可诱导NIH3T3细胞发生恶性转化,本研究采用RT-PCR技术从自然感染绵羊肺腺瘤病的病羊肺组织中克隆完整的外源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒囊膜基因(exJSRV-env),并将其亚克隆到真核表达载体pEGFP-C1中。构建好真核表达质粒经PCR、酶切和测序鉴定。同时对exJSRV-env基因进行生物信息学分析。采用脂质体法将该重组质粒转染293T细胞,观察其在真核细胞中的表达及定位情况。将该重组质粒转染NIH3T3细胞,观察细胞是否发生恶性转化。用软琼脂集落实验检查转染重组质粒的NIH3T3细胞的生长状态。结果显示真核表达质粒构建成功并命名为pEGFP-C1/exJSRV-env。exJSRV囊膜蛋白的氨基酸序列与参考株比对发现该囊膜基因的跨膜区(TM区)的胞质尾区具有外源性病毒特有的YXXM基序。系统进化树也表明我们克隆的exJSRV-env基因属于致病性的外源性病毒。运用生物信息学技术分析env基因编码的蛋白质的基本性质,并预测其可能的结构。亚细胞定位表明exJSRV囊膜蛋白主要分布于细胞膜。转染pEGFP-C1/exJSRV-env质粒的NIH3T3细胞接触抑制性消失,可在软琼脂中形成集落。说明绵羊肺腺瘤病毒的囊膜蛋白可引起NIH3T3细胞发生恶性转化。研究结果为进一步探讨exJSRV囊膜蛋白的结构和功能及其致病机理提供了实验基础。     

绿色荧光蛋白标记的TGF-β1shRNA真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建小鼠转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）短发夹RNA（shRNA）真核表达载体,探讨TGF-β1在血管发育中的调控作用。方法：根据GenBank小鼠TGF-β1mRNA序列,设计合成三对短链寡核苷酸,退火后形成双链DNA并克隆至入门载体DEN_mH1c。将插入目的基因片段的入门载体与带有绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标签的shRNA真核表达载体pDS_hpEy进行LR重组反应,完成三个TGF-β1shRNA表达载体的构建,分别命名为pDS_Ta,pDS_Tb和pDS_Tc。经测序确认后,转染小鼠成纤维细胞（NIH／3T3）,筛选稳定表达的细胞克隆,以RT-PCR及Westem blot方法检测转染后TGF-β1mRNA和蛋白表达。结果：RT-PCR和Western blot显示pDS_Tc可明显下调NIH／313细胞TGF-β1的mRNA和蛋白表达,mRNA下调约为70％,蛋白表达减少约65％。结论：GFP标签TGF-β1shRNA表达载体能够阻断TGF-β1基因表达,可作为研究TGF-β1调控血管发育机制的一个工具,为阐明TGF-β1信号传导通路奠定基础。     

人H-ras基因真核表达载体的构建及其对肿瘤细胞生长的促进作用

目的:构建癌基因H-ras真核表达载体,并检测其对肿瘤细胞生长的作用。方法:以乳腺文库为模板,PCR扩增H-ras基因片段,将其插入p XJ-40-myc载体后转染人胚肾HEK293T细胞,用Western印迹检测该融合蛋白的表达;将重组质粒转染人肠癌HCT-116细胞和人肝癌Hep G2细胞,通过细胞生长曲线(CCK8法)对myc-H-ras影响肿瘤细胞生长的情况进行分析。结果:利用PCR技术,从乳腺文库中扩增出H-ras基因片段,并成功插入p XJ-40-myc载体;重组质粒转染HEK293T细胞,经Western印迹检测融合蛋白正确表达;细胞生长曲线结果显示,转染myc-H-ras的结肠癌HCT-116细胞和人肝癌Hep G2细胞比转染空载体的细胞生长快。结论:构建了人H-ras基因真核表达载体,为进一步研究ras基因在肿瘤细胞中的作用奠定了一定基础。     

V-fos基因对NIH3T3细胞转化的研究

本文报道了用含v-fos基因的pFBJ-2质粒转染NIH 3 T 3细胞,获得了转化细胞株。对细胞株的研究结果表明:(1)Southern杂交检测到细胞基因组中有v-fos基因的整合;(2)点杂交测得有v-fos mRNA的表达;(3)出现一系列转化表型,包括细胞形态的改变,异常的增长速率,在软琼脂上的贴壁不依赖性生长,对低血清浓度培养液的适应性以及细胞膜表而超微结构的变化等,提示v-fos基因能使NIH 3 T 3细胞发生转化,并在体外转化过程中起决定性作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.