共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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木本植物多倍体育种研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文从木本植物多倍体育种资源、多倍体育种途径和多倍体鉴定等方面, 对国内外木本植物的多倍体育种研究进展进行了综述。与农作物相比, 尽管木本植物在多倍体育种中有其缺陷, 但木本植物丰富的物种资源及无性繁殖等特性较大程度地发挥了多倍体育种的优越性。 相似文献
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鱼类人工多倍体育种的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
鱼类多倍体育种是鱼类育种最热的领域之一。本文概述了鱼类人工多倍体育种研究的进展情况,包括鱼类人工多倍体育种的方法和人工多倍体鱼类可育性等方面。鱼类人工多倍体育种的方法主要有物理、化学和生物学方法,三倍体鱼预期是不育的,四倍体是可育的,但目前两性可育的四倍体的报道还很少。本文还对人工多倍体鱼的生物学意义作了简单的阐述。本文旨在为对今后进一步开展鱼类人工多倍体育种研究提供参考。 相似文献
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本文对报春花属植物引种的历史和现状、育种途径和育种成果进行了综述.报春花属是报春花科最大的属,全世界约500余种,我国有296种.国外在杂交育种、多倍体育种、组织培养和体细胞融合等方面取得了许多研究成果,而国内有关报春花属植物育种的研究相对较少.目前通过杂交育种或多倍体育种等手段已培育出众多花色丰富、花型各异或不含报春碱的报春花新品种.今后我国应在保护种质资源的基础上,加强报春花新品种的培育,并尽快实现产业化生产. 相似文献
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本文对报春花属植物引种的历史和现状、育种途径和育种成果进行了综述。报春花属是报春花科最大的属, 全世界约500余种, 我国有296种。国外在杂交育种、多倍体育种、组织培养和体细胞融合等方面取得了许多研究成果, 而国内有关报春花属植物育种的研究相对较少。目前通过杂交育种或多倍体育种等手段已培育出众多花色丰富、花型各异或不含报春碱的报春花新品种。今后我国应在保护种质资源的基础上, 加强报春花新品种的培育, 并尽快实现产业化生产。 相似文献
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该文概括总结了目前国内外有关大花三色堇(Viola × wittrockiana Gams.)的种质资源、主要性状遗传改良和育种技术等方面的研究进展。大花三色堇品种丰富, 且近缘种众多; 国内外对大花三色堇的主要观赏性状、营养性状及抗性等的遗传与改良进行了较为细致的研究; 通过采用杂交育种、多倍体育种、诱变育种和组织培养等技术取得了众多研究成果。雄性不育、花色花斑遗传规律和生物技术成为大花三色堇育种研究的工作重点。我国今后应在保护和利用其种质资源的基础上, 加快对大花三色堇新品种的培育。 相似文献
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Testing the association of phenotypes with polyploidy: An example using herbaceous and woody eudicots
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Rosana Zenil‐Ferguson José M. Ponciano J. Gordon Burleigh 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2017,71(5):1138-1148
Although numerous studies have surveyed the frequency with which different plant characters are associated with polyploidy, few statistical tools are available to identify the factors that potentially facilitate polyploidy. We describe a new probabilistic model, BiChroM, designed to associate the frequency of polyploidy and chromosomal change with a binary phenotypic character in a phylogeny. BiChroM provides a robust statistical framework for testing differences in rates of polyploidy associated with phenotypic characters along a phylogeny while simultaneously allowing for evolutionary transitions between character states. We used BiChroM to test whether polyploidy is more frequent in woody or herbaceous plants, based on tree with 4711 eudicot species. Although polyploidy occurs in woody species, rates of chromosome doubling were over six times higher in herbaceous species. Rates of single chromosome increases or decreases were also far higher in herbaceous than woody species. Simulation experiments indicate that BiChroM performs well with little to no bias and relatively little variance at a wide range of tree depths when trees have at least 500 taxa. Thus, BiChroM provides a first step toward a rigorous statistical framework for assessing the traits that facilitate polyploidy. 相似文献
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湖南野生木本观赏植物资源及利用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
湖南有维管束植物5500余种(含变种,下同),其中野生木本观赏植物1200余种。笔者根据湖南木本观赏植物自然分布规律.将湖南野生木本观赏植物划分为4个类型.即中温型、低温型、耐寒型、广温型。对湖南主要的野生木本观赏植物如针叶类(39种)、茶属(31种).冬青属(68种)、兰花类(86种)、杜鹃花属(54种)、槭树属(42种)等种类较多的类群进行了探讨,并对它们的观赏特性、抗寒性和选育潜力也进行了研究.提出了开发利用的建议。 相似文献
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福建省永春县木本药用植物资源调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
永春县地处中亚热带和南亚热带的过渡区域,自然条件优越,木本药用植物资源丰富。通过野外实地考察、标本采集、资料查阅整理及标本鉴定,初步查明,永春县境内有木本药用植物45科90属129种(含变种)。对其药用部位和功用作了简要介绍,对本地药用植物资源的保护和开发利用提出建议。 相似文献
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The present state of genetic engineering (GE) of forest woody plants is considered with special reference to the materials of the International Conference "Wood, Breeding, Biotechnology and Industrial Expectations" held in France in June, 2001. Main tree species subjected to GE are listed, aims of constructing transgenic plants discussed, and methods described. Major achievements in the field are considered along with the problems associated with the employment of GE in the breeding of forest woody plants. 相似文献
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Can Song ShaoJun Liu Jun Xiao WeiGuo He Yi Zhou QinBo Qin Chun Zhang Yun Liu 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2012,55(4):301-311
Polyploids are organisms with three or more complete chromosome sets. Polyploidization is widespread in plants and animals,
and is an important mechanism of speciation. Genome sequencing and related molecular systematics and bioinformatics studies
on plants and animals in recent years support the view that species have been shaped by whole genome duplication during evolution.
The stability of polyploids depends on rapid genome recombination and changes in gene expression after formation. The formation
of polyploids and subsequent diploidization are important aspects in long-term evolution. Polyploids can be formed in various
ways. Among them, hybrid organisms formed by distant hybridization could produce unreduced gametes and thus generate offspring
with doubled chromosomes, which is a fast, efficient method of polyploidization. The formation of fertile polyploids not only
promoted the interflow of genetic materials among species and enriched the species diversity, but also laid the foundation
for polyploidy breeding. The study of polyploids has both important theoretical significance and valuable applications. The
production and application of polyploidy breeding have brought remarkable economic and social benefits. 相似文献
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林业剩余物资源量评估方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据近十年来相关文献报道,分析了前人所建方法的合理性,结合中国林业生产实际,完善了林业剩余物资源潜力的计算方法。主要贡献包括:林业剩余物第二级分类的10个主要类型,即林木苗圃剩余物、林木修枝剩余物、木材采伐剩余物、木材造材剩余物、木材加工剩余物、竹材加工剩余物、薪材、废旧竹材、废旧木材、香蕉和菠萝残体;将经济林采伐和进口原木产生的剩余物计入相关木材剩余物计算范围;首次建立了包括木本水果在内的林木修枝剩余物的计算方法,以及多年生草本水果剩余物即香蕉和菠萝残体产量的计算方法;确定计算公式中参数所需要数据的来源;建议今后重点研究相关系数取值、林业剩余物资源量及其空间分布和相关行业标准等。 相似文献
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蜜源木本植物的鉴定能为中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana保护和利用提供依据.本研究从在秦岭地区收集的4份中华蜜蜂蜂蜜中分离出植物花粉,然后在扫描电镜下观察花粉形态,根据花粉大小、赤道面观、极面观、表面纹饰对花粉所属植物的种类进行鉴定.共鉴定出中华蜜蜂利用的蜜源木本植物13科,19属,20种.其中以壳斗科Fagaceae、忍冬科Caprifoliaceae最多,卫矛科Celastraceae、桦木科Betulaceae、蔷薇科Rosaceae次之.这些蜜源木本植物中有13种是药用植物.秦岭地区丰富的蜜源木本植物为中华蜜蜂的生存提供了食物资源;同时中华蜜蜂作为传粉昆虫,对维持秦岭地区蜜源植物的生存和生态系统稳定起着重要的作用. 相似文献