牙鲆变态中IGF-I基因表达及甲状腺激素对其的调节作用

胰岛素样生长因子(Insulin-like growth factors,IGFs)是一类具有胰岛素样代谢和促有丝分裂功能的蛋白质,参与脊椎动物的胚胎发育、生长和生殖。IGF系统包括两个配体(IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ)、IGF受体(IGF-I receptor,IGF-I R;IGF-II receptor,IGF-ⅡR)以及IGF结合蛋白(IGF binding     

IGFs与消化系统肿瘤及妇科肿瘤的研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子系统(Insulin-like growth factor system,IGFs)包括胰岛素样生长因子(Insulin-like growth factor,IGF)、胰岛素样生长因子受体(Insulin-like growth fact receptor,IGFR)以及胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白(Insulin-like growth fact binding proteins,IGFBPs)。IGFs在上皮生长、抗凋亡及促有丝分裂中起着重要的作用。大量研究表明IGFs在不同恶性肿瘤细胞株、患者血清及其肿瘤组织均有不同程度的表达,与肿瘤的发生、发展及预后密切相关。本文就目前IGFs与消化系统肿瘤与妇科肿瘤的研究进展进行综述,为早期诊断、治疗及预测恶性肿瘤预后提供帮助。     

鱼类胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)系统的研究进展

鱼类胰岛素样生长因子(insulin—like growth factors,IGFs)是进化上相当保守的多肽,能促进组织细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡,对鱼类的生长和发育有重要的调节作用。IGF系统包括IGF—Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ、IGF—ⅠR、IGF-ⅡR和IGFBP家族。本文从IGF家族成员的分子结构、生理功能和表达调节等方面综述了有关鱼类IGF体系的研究进展。     

类胰岛素生长因子信号途径及其对脊椎动物生长和发育的调控作用:以斑马鱼为模式动物的新进展

类胰岛素生长因子(包括IGF-I和IGF-Ⅱ)是进化上保守性很强的多肽。IGFs对脊椎动物的生长和早期发育有极其重要的调控作用。IGF的生理作用是由IGF受体中介并受几个分泌性的IGF结合蛋白调节。本文主要介绍了以斑马鱼为模式动物，用基因敲除、转基因动物和培养细胞系等现代实验方法对IGF信号途径的最新研究进展，综述了IGF配体、受体和结合蛋白的结构特点、基因表达和调节和生物学功能。此外，也对斑马鱼作为模式动物的许多优点进行了探讨。     

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白(IGFBPs)是能与胰岛素样生长因子(IGFs)结合的调节蛋白,调节IGFs与其受体(ICFR)的结合能力,影响IGFR下游信号转导通路中信号强度,调控靶细胞的生长和增殖。IGFBP-3的作用方式有IGF依赖性和非IgF依赖性两种。IGFs、成纤维细胞生长因子(FgF)、胰岛素、细胞表面受体,甚至转录调节区都有可能成为IGFBP-3的结合对象并引起增殖抑制;IGFBP—3的水解片段化、糖基化和磷酸化修饰都可能影响它对靶细胞的增殖抑制能力。     

胰岛素样生长因子IGF系统与鱼类性腺的研究进展

IGFs系统包含3个配体(IGF-1、IGF-2、IGF-3)、2个受体(IGF-1R、IGF-2R)和6个IGF结合蛋白(IGFBP).生殖和生长是生物体最基本的特征,两者既密切相关又相互区别,胰岛素样生长因子(IGFs)是生长轴和生殖轴相交联的关键因子.最近研究表明:鱼类性腺的发育及成熟伴随着细胞分化和组织生长,传统的生长因子IGF-1、IGF-2和最近发现的IGF-3,对鱼类性腺发挥着重要作用.本文重点介绍鱼类特有的配体IGF-3的结构,鱼类IGFs系统的信号通路及其与鱼类性腺的相关性研究进展.     

大肠癌IGF2基因的印迹丢失

胰岛素样生长因子2(IGF2)基因属于印迹基因,它的表达产物IGF2对促进正常生长发育具有重要作用。IGF2印迹丢失(loss of imprinting,LOI)与肿瘤发生密切相关。在大肠癌中,IGF2印迹丢失尤其明显。最近的研究证实,IGF2印迹丢失可以作为大肠癌发生危险性的分子标记。本文对IGF2基因及大肠癌印迹丢失方面的研究作一简要综述。     

卵巢中的胰岛素样生长因子系统

本文详细阐述了胰岛素样生长因子（IGFs)系统各个成员的结构及其在卵巢中的表达和作用机制。IGFs是这一系统的中间环节,与IGFs受体作用刺激卵巢细胞中类固醇激素的生产和DNA合成,能够介导和扩大促性腺激素对卵巢功能的作用。IGFs与胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白（IGFBPs)发生高亲和性结合,卵巢中自由的IGFs的水平受IGFBPs的调节。而IGFBPs蛋白酶能够降低IGFBPs和IGFs的亲和性,从而参与调节IGFs在卵巢中的作用。深入的研究这一系统,对于进一步了解卵巢卵泡生长发育、分化以及闭锁,卵泡细胞的增殖和凋亡的内在机制,以及提高动物的繁殖力有重要意义。     

小鼠着床前胚胎发育中调控因子的时序表达及功能

哺乳动物着床前胚胎发育最基本的问题之一是高度分化的卵母细胞如何过渡到全能性的卵裂球。这一转换过程受到了多种调控因子正或负的调控作用,这些特定调控因子在着床前胚胎发育过程中呈现出较为显著的时空表达特征,它们对早期胚胎的进一步正常发育有重要的作用。研究这些调控因子在着床前胚胎发育中的表达模式和调控机制,将有助于我们对早期胚胎发育机制的进一步了解。作者主要对近些年来有关生长因子与细胞因子（如：PAF、IL－1、IGF、MIF）以及特定转录因子（如：SP1、TBP、mTEF、eIF、myc、c-jun等）在小鼠着床前胚胎发育中的时空表达及其相应功能的研究做一简要介绍。     

低氧调节大鼠前额叶皮层IGFs家族基因的表达

目的：探讨急性和慢性低氧对胰岛素样生长因子（IGFs）家族中IGF-I,IGF一Ⅱ,IGF-1R和IGFBPlmRNA表达变化的调节。方法：我们利用低压低氧舱模拟5km低氧环境,研究大鼠暴露于急性和慢性低氧后的前额叶皮层IGF家族基因的表达变化。结果：急性和慢性连续低氧暴露后,大鼠前额叶皮层中IGF-I,IGF-II,IGF-1R和IGFBPlmRNA对低氧应激表现出明显不同的变化模式。急性低氧时,IGF-I和IGFBPlmRNA表达显著升高。而在慢性连续低氧暴露5～15d后,IGF-I和IGFBPlmRNA表达量逐渐回复到对照水平。但IGF-1R的表达仍然保持较高水平。结论：急性低氧上调IGF基因表达可能参与皮层神经元的保护,而慢性低氧升高的IGF-1R基因表达可能参与慢性低氧损伤的适应过程。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.