灵芝多糖对人脐血LAK细胞活性的影响

本文研究了灵芝多糖（ＧＬＰ）对人脐血ＬＡＫ（ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ）细胞活性的影响,结果发现,单独ＧＬＰ能刺激人脐血单个核细胞（ＣＢＭＣ）增殖,但不能诱导ＬＡＫ活性,当与５０ｕ／ｍｌｒＩＬ—２伍用时,可增殖ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ细胞诱导活性,不同剂量ＧＬＰ（０．５—１００μｇ／ｍｌ）影响作用不同,以１０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度最好．在不同浓度ｒＩＬ—２（１０—１００ｕ／ｍｌ）诱导ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ细胞过程中加入ＧＬＰ（１０μｇ／ｍｌ）,可明显提高细胞增殖能力,减少ｒＩＬ—２用量。ＧＬＰ亦能促进效应阶段ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ细胞对Ｒａｊｉ肿瘤靶细胞的杀伤作用（Ｐ＜０．００１）。由此看出,ＧＬＰ具有增强ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ细胞活性的作用,是一很好的生物反应调节剂（ＢＲＭ）,有必要进行深入的研究。     

去甲斑蝥素诱导人红白血病K562细胞凋亡的实验研究

体外实验证明１０μｇ．ｍｌ－１去甲斑蝥素作用于人红白血病Ｋ５６２细胞２４ｈ,可诱导Ｋ５６２细胞发生凋亡。提取加药组细胞ＤＮＡ进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳呈现典型的ＤＮＡ“梯子”,同时加药组细胞出现核固缩、碎裂及胞浆浓缩等形态学变化。流式细胞测试结合形态学观察,特别是细胞超微结构观察,证明去甲斑蝥素诱导的Ｋ５６２细胞凋亡大部分发生在细胞周期的Ｍ期,也有部分发生在间期。免疫细胞化学结果表明,１０μｇ．ｍｌ－１去甲斑蝥素作用于人红白血病Ｋ５６２细胞２４ｈ,与对照组相比,加药组细胞中ｂｃｌ┐２蛋白表达增强,而Ｂａｘ蛋白表达减弱,两组间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

神经酰胺诱导药物敏感型和耐药型细胞凋亡机制的探讨

以药物敏感型细胞株Ｋ５６２／Ｓ和耐药型细胞株Ｋ５６２／Ａ０２为对象．观察原癌基因Ｂｃｌ－２的表达量在两种细胞中的差异,以及神经酰胺作为一个新的脂质第二信使诱导细胞凋亡的能力,并利用酪氨酸激酶抑制剂ｇｅｎｉｓｔｅｉｎ,酪氨酸磷酸酯酶抑制剂ｖａｎａｄａｔｅ,观察酪氨酸可逆磷酸化与细胞凋亡间的关系．结果显示：在Ｋ５６２／Ａ０２中Ｂｃｌ－２的表达量明显高于Ｋ５６２／Ｓ;外源性神经酰胺能成功地诱导Ｋ５６２／Ｓ,Ｋ５６２／Ａ０２细胞凋亡,凋亡细胞具有典型的形态学改变和ＤＮＡ“Ｌａｄｄｅｒ”形成,ＦＣＭ检测出现凋亡细胞峰,但在同样的诱导条件下,Ｋ５６２／Ｓ细胞凋亡明显高于Ｋ５６２／Ａ０２细胞．ＦＣＭ检测ｇｅｎｉｓｔｅｉｎ能显著改变这两种细胞生长周期,但细胞阻滞于Ｇ２／Ｍ期,便对神经酰胺诱导的细胞凋亡无明显作用,ｖａｎａｄａｔｅ单独对细胞地明显作用,但与神经酰胺共同作用能明显提高细胞凋亡率．以上结果表明在药物诱导的细胞调亡中Ｂｃｌ－２基因起重要作用,神经酰胺能诱导Ｋ５６２／Ｓ和Ｋ５６２／Ａ０２细胞调亡．     

虎斑颈槽蛇胸腺APUD细胞的免疫组织化学观察

虎斑颈槽蛇胸腺ＡＰＵＤ细胞的免疫组织化学观察ＴＨＥＩＭＭＵＮＯＨＩＳＴＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＴＨＹＭＩＣＡＰＵＤＣＥＬＬＳＩＮＴＨＥＳＮＡＫＥＲＨＡＢＤＯＰＨＩＳＴＩＧＲＩＮＡＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＲｈａｄｂｄｏｐｈｉｓｔｉｇｒ...     

MTT法测定眼镜蛇毒细胞毒素的抗癌活性

目的测定眼镜蛇毒细胞毒素（Ｃｏｂｒａｖｅｎｏｍｃｙｔｏｔｏｘｉｎ,ＣＶ－ＣＴＸ）对体外培养的人癌细胞的杀伤作用。方法溴化二苯四偶氮盐（ＭＴＴ）比色法。结果ＣＶ－ＣＴＸ对ＳＧＣ－７９０１,Ｂｅｌ－７４０２,Ｋ５６２和Ｕ９３７４种人癌细胞有很强的杀伤作用,量效关系明显,ＩＣ５０分别为４．１０,２．０８,０．２９和０．１７μｇ／ｍｌ。结论ＭＴＴ法检测ＣＶ－ＣＴＸ的抗癌活性,操作简便、快速和准确。     

黄芪多糖和白细胞介素2对LAK细胞毒活性的调节作用

采用扶正中药黄芪的有效成分黄芪多糖（ＡＰＳ）和不同来源的白细胞介素２的伍用,探讨其对ＬＡＫ细胞毒性的调节作用,乳酸脱氢酶释放法（ＬＤＨ）测定ＬＡＫ细胞毒性的实验结果表明：ＡＰＳ自身具有增强ＬＡＫ细胞毒性的作用,有效剂量范围为１μｇ／ｍｌ￣１００μｇ／ｍｌ;ＬＡＫ细胞发挥细胞毒活性伍用一定剂量的白细胞介素２;ＡＰＳ（１０μｇ／ｍｌ）和ＩＬ－２（５００μ／ｍｌ）对ＬＡＫ细胞毒性具有非常显著的协同增强作     

4-PA对BEL-7402细胞的生长调控和诱导凋亡作用的研究

应用ＭＴＴ、流式细胞术研究了新型肿瘤诱导分化剂４－ ＰＡ 对人肝癌细胞系ＢＥＬ－ ７４０２ 细胞的生长调控、诱导凋亡作用。结果表明： ４ － ＰＡ 对ＢＥＬ－ ７４０２ 细胞增殖抑制的ＩＣ５０ 为４ －９ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,随着作用时间的增加,ＩＣ５０ 增加。作用效果迅速,在０ ．５ 小时就有效地抑制了细胞增殖,抑制率随４－ ＰＡ 浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而增加,在达到最大抑制率后出现饱和。流式细胞仪对细胞周期和细胞凋亡的分析发现：４ － ＰＡ 对细胞增殖期（Ｓ期、Ｇ２ 期） 有较强的抑制和逆转作用,使细胞群截止在Ｇ１ 期。随着作用时间的延长和４ － ＰＡ 浓度的增加,细胞凋亡的比例增加,凋亡细胞多来自于细胞增殖期（Ｓ 期、Ｇ２ 期） 。诱导凋亡和使细胞截止于细胞静息期是４ － ＰＡ 抑制细胞增殖的主要途径。     

膜去极化与cAMP在胰岛细胞株HIT中诱导CBP片段的转录活性

为了研究 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ在胰岛 Ｈ Ｉ Ｔ 细胞中调节基因转录的机制,将不同的 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ片段瞬时转染到细胞中,观察其转录活性．实验表明,在胰岛 Ｈ Ｉ Ｔ 细胞中,膜去极化及 ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 均可诱导 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ３０（ Ｃ Ｒ Ｅ Ｂ结合功能区）转录活性增强,并有协同效应． Ｐ Ｋ Ｃ对 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ３０ 的转录活性无影响;与 Ｃ Ｒ Ｅ Ｂ有更强结合力的 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ Ｋ Ｉ Ｘ Ｓ／ Ｂ（氨基酸序列短于 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ３０ 的 Ｃ Ｒ Ｅ Ｂ结合功能区）其基本转录活性及膜去极化、ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ诱导下的转录活性均比 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ３０ 更强．反义 Ｃ Ｒ Ｅ Ｂ 的过度表达可降低 ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ诱导的 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ的转录活性．提示在胰岛 Ｈ Ｉ Ｔ 细胞中,膜去极化及 ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ对共转录因子 Ｃ Ｂ Ｐ转录活性的调节作用通过 Ｃ Ｒ Ｅ Ｂ介导．     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠心肌肌浆网Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATPase基因转录调节的影响

观察血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）对心肌肌浆网Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ基因（ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａ）转录调节的影响,评价ＤＭＰ８１１对此效应的干预作用．６周龄雄性ＳＤ大鼠随机分为３组,每组６只．组１：生理盐水输注;组２：ＡｎｇⅡ输注＋ＤＭＰ８１１管饲（３ｍｇ·ｄ－１·ｋｇ－１）;组３：ＡｎｇⅡ输注（２００ｎｇ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｋｇ－１．１周后称其体重,取心脏并称重,提取心脏总ＲＮＡ后采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ的方法检测ＳＥＲ－ＣＡ２ａ的转录水平,采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测ＡｎｇⅡ１型受体（ＡＴ１）ｍＲＮＡ水平．实验后,组３心重（ＣＷ）、心重／体重（Ｃ／Ｂ）、ＡＴ１受体转录水平均高于组１（分别增加４．７±０．４％,４．９±０．９％和２４．７±３．５％;Ｐ＜０．０１）,而ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａ基因转录水平显著低于组１（降低２０．１±３．０％,Ｐ＜０．０１）,并且ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａｍＲＮＡ水平与ＡＴ１受体ｍＲＮＡ水平呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．７４,Ｐ＜０．０１）．ＡｎｇⅡ导致的上述改变能被ＤＭＰ８１１完全阻断．ＡｎｇⅡ通过其Ⅰ型受体的介导,诱导了ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａ的转录下调     

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF MEGASPOROGENESIS AND MICROTUBULAR CYTOSKELETON CHANGES IN CYMBIDIUM SINENSE

ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＰＡＴＴＥＲＮＯＦＭＥＧＡＳＰＯＲＯＧＥＮＥＳＩＳＡＮＤＭＩＣＲＯＴＵＢＵＬＡＲＣＹＴＯＳＫＥＬＥＴＯＮＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＣＹＭＢＩＤＩＵＭＳＩＮＥＮＳＥ￥Ｓ．Ｙ．ＺｅｅＸ．Ｌ．Ｙｅ（１ＢｏｔａｎｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ,Ｕｎｉ...     

mdr-1和bcl-2基因在K562/ADM多药耐药细胞中的共表达

为探讨肿瘤细胞多药耐药(MDR)形成的分子机理,本文观察了mdr-1、bcl-2和bax基因及其编码蛋白在人红白血病细胞株K562/ADM中的可能共表达。结果显示,在K562/ADM细胞中,在以mdr-1及P-gp过度表达为 特征的MDR形成时,其bcl-2及产物Bcl-2也过度表达,其中Bcl-2的表达阳性率约为相应敏感株K562的11倍;而Bax在二种细胞中均呈阳性表达,但无显著差异(P>0.05),提示bcl-2基因在mRNA和蛋白水平上的过度表达可能是K562/ADM细胞MDR形成时细胞凋亡耐受的分子基础。     

Induction of apoptosis in K562/ADM cells by gamma-linolenic acid involves lipid peroxidation and activation of caspase-3

Numerous studies have revealed that gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) possesses effective tumoricidal properties while not inducing damage to normal cells or creating harmful systemic side effects. It can exert anti-tumor efficacy against a variety of cancers including leukemia. However, little is known about the effects of GLA on leukemia resistant to chemotherapy, emerging as a serious clinical problem. The present study tested GLA-induced apoptosis in K562/ADM multidrug-resistant (MDR) leukemic cells and investigated its possible mechanisms. Using cell viability, fluorescent staining of nuclei, flow cytometric Annexin V/PI double staining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, we found that GLA could inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis and secondary necrosis. The results showed that incubation with GLA concentrations of 10-60 microg/ml caused a dose- and time-dependent decrease of K562/ADM cell viability, and the IC50 value was 50.5 microg/ml at 24 h and 31.5 microg/ml at 48 h. Flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI double staining assessed apoptosis, necrosis and viability. Typical apoptotic nuclei were shown by staining of K562/ADM cells with DNA-binding fluorochrome Hoechst 33342, characterized by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. On the other hand, after treated K562/ADM cells with 20 microg/ml GLA for 48 h and with 40 microg/ml GLA for 12 h, the LDH release significantly increased, indicated losses of plasma membrane integrity and presence of necrosis. Further, the inhibition of GLA-induced apoptosis by a pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) suggested the involvement of caspases. The increase of caspase-3 activity with GLA concentration confirmed its role in the process. The results also showed that the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was also significantly elevated, and antioxidant BHT could block GLA cytotoxity, indicating the cytotoxity induced by GLA may be due to lipid peroxidation.     

PIC—BE对K562／ADM多药耐药细胞mdr—1和bcl—2基因表达的影响

The effect of PIC-BE on the expression of mdr-1, bcl-2 and bax genes and their protein products (P-gp, Bcl-2 and Bax) was observed respectively in a multidrug resistance (MDR) cell variant K562/ADM. The results showed that PIC-BE could significantly inhibit the expression of mdr-1 and bcl-2 genes at both mRNA and protein levels in K562/ADM cell line, and the effect was dose- and time-dependent within limited range. Under same condition, although PIC-BE could increase the expression of Bax slightly, there was no statistically significant difference. These results suggest that the reversal of the MDR of K562/ADM cell line by PIC-BE may result from its effect on the expression of mdr-1, bcl-2 genes and their protein products.     

PIC-BE对K_(562)/ADM多药耐药细胞mdr-1和bcl-2基因表达的影响

本文以多药耐药(MDR)细胞株K_(562)/ADM作为实验模型,研究了β-榄香烯吗素(PIC-BE)对该细胞中mdr-1、bcl-2和bax基因及其编码蛋白(P-gp、Bcl-2和Bax)表达的影响。结果显示,PIC-BE可显著抑制K_(562)/ADM细胞中mdr-1、bcl-2及P-gp和Bcl-2的表达,并在一定的范围内呈现对浓度和时间的依赖性。相同条件下,PIC-BE对该细胞中Bax的表达虽有所促进,但统计学上无显著差异,提示PIC-BE对K_(562)/ADM细胞MDR的逆转作用可能是通过其直接或间接地影响到该细胞mdr-1、bcl-2及P-gp和Bcl-2的表达或功能而实现。     

Effects of a moderate-intensity static magnetic field and adriamycin on K562 cells

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a moderate‐intensity static magnetic field (SMF) can enhance the killing effect of adriamycin (ADM) on K562 cells, and to explore the effects of SMF combined with ADM on K562 cells. We analyzed the metabolic activity of cells, cell cycle distribution, DNA damage, change in cell ultrastructure, and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) expression after K562 cells were exposed continuously to a uniform 8.8 mT SMF for 12 h, with or without ADM. Our results showed that the SMF combined with ADM (25 ng/ml) significantly inhibited the metabolic activity of K562 cells (P < 0.05), while neither ADM nor the SMF alone affected the metabolic activity of these cells. Cell ultrastructure was altered in the SMF + ADM group. For example, cell membrane was depressed, some protuberances were observable, and vacuoles in the cytoplasm became larger. Cells were arrested at the G2/M phase and DNA damage increased after cells were treated with the SMF plus ADM. ADM also induced the P‐gp expression. In contrast, in the SMF group and SMF + ADM group, the P‐gp expression was decreased compared with the ADM group. Taken together, our results showed that the 8.8 mT SMF enhanced the cytotoxity potency of ADM on K562 cells, and the decrease in P‐gp expression may be one reason underlying this effect. Bioelectromagnetics 32:191–199, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Changes in the Expression of miR-381 and miR-495 Are Inversely Associated with the Expression of the MDR1 Gene and Development of Multi-Drug Resistance

Multidrug resistance (MDR) frequently develops in cancer patients exposed to chemotherapeutic agents and is usually brought about by over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) which acts as a drug efflux pump to reduce the intracellular concentration of the drug(s). Thus, inhibiting P-gp expression might assist in overcoming MDR in cancer chemotherapy. MiRNAome profiling using next-generation sequencing identified differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) between parental K562 cells and MDR K562 cells (K562/ADM) induced by adriamycin treatment. Two miRs, miR-381 and miR-495, that were strongly down-regulated in K562/ADM cells, are validated to target the 3’-UTR of the MDR1 gene. These miRs are located within a miR cluster located at chromosome region 14q32.31, and all miRs in this cluster appear to be down-regulated in K562/ADM cells. Functional analysis indicated that restoring expression of miR-381 or miR-495 in K562/ADM cells was correlated with reduced expression of the MDR1 gene and its protein product, P-gp, and increased drug uptake by the cells. Thus, we have demonstrated that changing the levels of certain miR species modulates the MDR phenotype in leukemia cells, and propose further exploration of the use of miR-based therapies to overcome MDR.     

P-糖蛋白在多药耐药的K562细胞转运苯妥英纳与卡马西平中的作用

研究证实,多药转运体与难治性癫痫耐药机制密切相关,P-糖蛋白在其中起重要作用．主要研究P-糖蛋白拮抗剂维拉帕米对P-糖蛋白过表达的K562细胞耐药性及细胞内苯妥英纳与卡马西平浓度的影响．首先建立了P-糖蛋白高表达的K562/Dox(阿霉素诱导)耐药细胞株,比较耐药细胞株和P-糖蛋白表达阴性的K562细胞株对苯妥英纳和卡马西平的耐药性,并观察给予维拉帕米后,耐药细胞内抗癫痫药物的浓度变化．结果发现,苯妥英纳和卡马西平对K562/Dox细胞株的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)明显高于K562细胞株,加入维拉帕米后,苯妥英纳和卡马西平对K562/Dox 细胞的IC₅₀明显下降,逆转倍数分别为2.5和1.5．进一步研究发现,K562/Dox细胞内苯妥英纳和卡马西平的浓度均显著少于其药敏K562细胞,仅分别为正常K562细胞的23.6%和32.2%．当加入维拉帕米后,K562/Dox细胞内抗癫痫药物浓度明显升高(P < 0.05)．由此证明,高表达的P-糖蛋白参与了细胞的药物转运,在难治性癫痫的耐药机制中扮演重要角色．     

Four Ardeemin Analogs from Endophytic Aspergillus fumigatus SPS‐02 and Their Reversal Effects on Multidrug‐Resistant Tumor Cells

Four ardeemin derivatives, 5‐N‐acetylardeemin ( 1 ), 5‐N‐acetyl‐15bβ‐hydroxyardeemin ( 2 ), 5‐N‐acetyl‐15b‐didehydroardeemin ( 3 ), and 5‐N‐acetyl‐16α‐hydroxyardeemin ( 4 ), were isolated from the fermentation broth of an endophytic Aspergillus fumigatus SPS‐02 associated with Artemisia annua L . The structures of these metabolites were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic data, including 1D‐, 2D‐NMR and MS. In vitro chemosensitization assay indicated that these ardeemins had different activities of reversing the multidrug‐resistant (MDR) phenotype in three cancer cell lines, leukemia doxorubicin resistant cell K562/DOX, human lung adenocarcinoma cis‐platin‐resistant cell A549/DDP, and ovarian cancer cisplatin‐resistant cell SK‐OV‐S/DDP. Compound 4 exhibited the strongest MDR reversing effect at 5 μM concentration in K562/DOX and A549/DDP cell lines 5.2±0.18‐fold, 8.2±0.23‐fold, respectively, while compound 2 had the highest reversal capacity in SK‐OV‐S/DDP cell line with 10.8±0.28 fold. Preliminary investigation of their structure? activity relationship suggested that a OH group at C(15b) or C(16) in ardeemin plays a key role in reversing the MDR effect. It is the first report on ardeemin analogs from endophytic A. fumigatus with reversal effects on MDR cancer cell lines K562/DOX, A549/DDP and SK‐OV‐S/DDP.     

The short-time treatment with curcumin sufficiently decreases cell viability, induces apoptosis and copper enhances these effects in multidrug-resistant K562/A02 cells

The anti-cancer activities of curcumin (CUR), a polyphenol derived from the plant Curcuma longa, has been extensively studied. In the present study, we found that CUR displayed anti-multidrug-resistant (MDR) activity in K562/A02 cells. A short-time treatment with CUR sufficiently and equally induced DNA damage, decreased cell viability, and triggered apoptosis in parent K562 and MDR K562/A02 cells. The short-time treatment with CUR also caused decrease of pro-caspase 3 in both cell lines and decrease of pro-caspase 9, increase of PARP cleavage and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-xL in MDR K562/A02 cells. Further experiment revealed that CUR was capable of down-regulating P-glycoprotein in MDR K562/A02 cells. Moreover, we observed that Cu(2+) enhanced CUR-mediated apoptosis which was blocked by antioxidants N-acetyl-cysteine and catalase. In summary, the short-time treatment with CUR sufficiently induced DNA damage, decreased cell viability and triggered apoptosis in MDR K562/A02 cells and Cu(2+) enhanced CUR-mediated apoptosis which due to reactive oxygen species generation.