Magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of aneurysm and coarctation of the thoracic aorta]

MR-tomography (MRT) was performed in 25 patients with aneurysms and in 11 with coarctation of the thoracic aorta. For investigations a device with a resistive magnet (the force of a field--0.23 T) was used simultaneously with ECG. MRT revealed all cases of aortic dissection (10 patients) and one case with a false-positive result. Oblique sections in the direction of the thoracic aorta were used to assess the state of the aortic arch branches. Comparison of MRT and x-ray computerized tomography has shown that the diagnostic value of both methods was almost equal, however MRT was a safer method and easier to use. MRT was shown to be a method of choice for diagnosis of aneurysms and coarctations of the thoracic aorta but cannot be a substitution for aortography.     

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of hernias of thoracic intervertebral disks

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out in 24 patients with thoracic osteochondrosis. The obtained MR images showed the high efficiency of this radiodiagnostic technique in solving the tasks of visualizing a degenerative-dystrophic lesion of the vertebral column. MRI allows one to solve a broad spectrum of specific problems facing a radiodiagnostician and a neurosurgeon on examining a patient with thoracic osteochondrosis. This study permits an objective assessment of the stage of herniation and the degree of spinal cord compression, determination of treatment policy, planning of a surgical intervention, assessment of the results of surgical treatment, timely detection of possible complications, and visualization of recurrent hernia.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of glutamate

Glutamate, a major neurotransmitter in the brain, shows a pH- and concentration-dependent chemical exchange saturation transfer effect (GluCEST) between its amine group and bulk water, with potential for in vivo imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance. GluCEST asymmetry is observed ～3 p.p.m. downfield from bulk water. Middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat brain resulted in an ～100% elevation of GluCEST in the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side, predominantly owing to pH changes. In a rat brain tumor model with blood-brain barrier disruption, intravenous glutamate injection resulted in a clear elevation of GluCEST and a similar increase in the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy signal of glutamate. GluCEST maps from healthy human brain were also obtained. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using GluCEST for mapping relative changes in glutamate concentration, as well as pH, in vivo. Contributions from other brain metabolites to the GluCEST effect are also discussed.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of the vomeronasal organ

The vomeronasal organ of mice and frogs was studied by highspatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging. By this techniquethe presence of material in the vomeronasal lumen can be evidencedin vivo.     

Magnetic resonance imaging in personalized medicine

正Continued biomedical advances and increased demands on quality health care have led to a new era of personalized medicine—a concept of medicine that uses specific information to an individual to help diagnose disease,plan treatment,assess treatment efficacy,and/or predict prognosis.This concept has evolved from the idea of"patient-centered care",which intends to shift the focus of health care from diseases to patients(Abujudeh et al.,2016).Medical imaging is essential in the practice of modern medicine,and its role in personalized medicine has never been greater.In particular,magnetic resonance(MR)     

Magnetic resonance imaging of self-assembled biomaterial scaffolds

Current interest in biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications have spurred research into self-assembling peptide amphiphiles (PAs). Nanofiber networks formed from self-assembling PAs can be used as biomaterial scaffolds with the advantage of specificity by the incorporation of peptide-epitopes. Imaging the materials noninvasively will give information as to their fate in vivo. We report here the synthesis and in vitro MR images of self-assembling peptide amphiphile contrast agents (PACAs) that form nanofibers. At 400 MHz using a 0.1 mM Gd(III) conjugate of the PA we observed a T(1) three times that of a control gel. The PA derivative was doped into various epitope bearing PA solutions and upon gelling resulted in a homogeneous biomaterial as imaged by MRI.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat

In this study we assessed different magneticresonance imaging (MRI) scanning regimes and examined some of theassumptions commonly made for measuring body fat content by MRI. Wholebody MRI was used to quantify and study different body fat depots in 67 women. The whole body MRI results showed that there was a significant variation in the percentage of total internal, as well as visceral, adipose tissue across a range of adiposity, which could not be predicted from total body fat and/or subcutaneous fat.Furthermore, variation in the amount of total, subcutaneous, andvisceral adipose tissue was not related to standard anthropometricmeasurements such as skinfold measurements, body mass index, andwaist-to-hip ratio. Finally, we show for the first time subjects with apercent body fat close to the theoretical maximum (68%). This studydemonstrates that the large variation in individual internal fatcontent cannot be predicted from either indirect methods or directimaging techniques, such as MRI or computed tomography, on the basis ofa single-slice sampling strategy.

     

Magnetic resonance imaging using a clinical whole body system: an introduction to a useful technique in small animal experiments.

A clinical whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system with high resolution coils was used to obtain non-invasive images of the living rat. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the set-up and the advantages of this new imaging technique: detailed information, no extra costs, longitudinal studies without killing animals and simple anaesthesia. It is concluded that in small animal experimentation, this use of high resolution coils in whole body magnetic resonance systems may be particularly helpful in establishing effects of experimental procedures. Whenever non-invasive visualization is required, especially in longitudinal animal studies, e.g. biomaterial research or tumour investigation, this use of MRI will offer challenging possibilities.