湖北省和江苏省发现尼泊尔鼠耳蝠

2013年4月在湖北省十堰市房县野人洞(31°55'8.3″N,110°43'56.5″E,海拔282 m)捕捉到11号鼠耳蝠标本(5雄6雌),同时在江苏省宜兴市灵谷洞(31°13'20.9″N,119°44'23.3″E,海拔123 m)捕捉到5号鼠耳蝠标本(1雄4雌)。上述鼠耳蝠标本体型较小,前臂长33.6～37.5 mm,颅全长11.2～13.8 mm;后足长不及胫骨长之半;背毛基部黑色,毛尖棕色有时更多显现浅红灰色,腹毛基部黑色但毛尖淡灰白;上颌前臼齿(P3)位于齿列之中。经鉴定均为尼泊尔鼠耳蝠(Myotis nipalensis),分别为湖北省和江苏省翼手目新纪录。本文给出了尼泊尔鼠耳蝠的外形和头骨特征及其相关测量数据,并与来自青海、尼泊尔的标本进行了对比;同时对其回声定位信号进行室内录制及分析;此外对其分类地位和分布状况进行了讨论。标本保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

广东省翼手目新纪录——宽耳犬吻蝠及其回声定位叫声特征

2013年6月和9月在广东省英德市郊碧落洞(24°06'56.9'N,113°21'10.0'E,海拔88 m)分别捕捉到5号和1号蝙蝠标本(均为雌性)。上述蝙蝠体型较大,前臂长60.4~63.3 mm,胫骨长18.0 mm,颅全长24.8 mm,颅基长23.9 mm;耳大,双耳前基部在额部相联,上唇肥厚且具24~26个硬瘤,尾从尾膜后缘伸出一半,毛色土褐,双色;颅骨大,腭缘缺刻深,长大于宽。经鉴定为宽耳犬吻蝠Tadarida insignis,为广东省翼手目新纪录。本文给出了宽耳犬吻蝠的外形和头骨特征,并与来自安徽、山东和日本的标本进行了对比;同时对其回声定位信号进行了分析。标本保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

福建省三明市发现南长翼蝠

2013年7月在福建省三明市尤溪县梅仙镇峰岩村峰岩3号洞(26°15'15″N,118°16'55″E,海拔536 m)用雾网采集到4只蝙蝠(1♀、3♂)。利用数显电子秤和数显游标卡尺测量了外形17项及头骨25项指标,并与文献记载的海南、爪哇岛、斯兰岛标本进行了比对。体型较小,耳短而宽,毛短而密,毛被扩展到鼻子后方,背毛黑褐色,腹毛深棕色,头颈部毛色与腹部毛色较一致;翼膜狭长,第Ⅲ指第二指节的长度约为第一指节的3倍;头骨的吻突低而略宽,脑颅高、大而圆;体重7.1~9.8 g,前臂长41.7~43.7 mm,颅全长13.87~14.17 mm,颅高6.21~6.73 mm。经鉴定为南长翼蝠(Miniopterus pusillus),为福建省翼手类新纪录。标本保存在河南师范大学生命科学学院。     

辽宁省蜥蜴类新纪录——山地麻蜥

<正>2013年8月6日~11日,作者在辽宁省凌源市进行野外调查,于大河北乡南刘杖子村田地边缘的山麓(40°48'02.3″N,118°54'11.4″E~40°48'09.5″N,118°54'11.6″E,海拔约693 m)采集到蜥蜴标本3号,另于居民住宅附近低矮丘陵顶部(40°48'02.5″N,118°54'02.9″E,海拔811 m)采集到蜥蜴标本1号。经鉴定为蜥蜴科Lacertidae麻蜥属Eremias山地麻蜥E.brenchleyi,为辽宁省蜥蜴新纪录。标本保存于沈阳师范大学两栖爬行动物研究所标本室,编号为SYNU13090016~SYNU13090019。     

湖南省衡东县发现大卫鼠耳蝠

2015年7月26日于湖南省衡东县四方山仙妃洞(26°58′24.93″N,113°3′23.03″E,海拔641 m)捕到1只雌性蝙蝠。该蝙蝠体型较小,前臂长34.54 mm,后足长超过胫长的一半;通体黑褐色,被毛毛尖染有淡棕色,腹毛由前而后淡棕色毛尖逐渐增加,到腹后部几乎形成淡棕色区;颅全长13.34 mm,齿式为2.1.3.3/3.1.3.3=38,初步鉴定为大卫鼠耳蝠(Myotis davidii)。基于线粒体Cyt b基因1 140 bp序列对上述标本与大卫鼠耳蝠不同种群进行系统发育分析,大卫鼠耳蝠是一个单起源的谱系,其种群形成了广东、广西一个支系和江苏、安徽、浙江、湖南、重庆另一个支系,其中,江苏种群和广西种群之间的遗传距离最远。通过形态特征和线粒体Cyt b基因序列鉴定,确认此标本为蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidac)鼠耳蝠属的大卫鼠耳蝠。标本保存于湖南师范大学脊椎动物标本馆。     

山东省鸟类新纪录——斑姬啄木鸟

<正>2015年7月,在山东省泰安市桃花源景区进行野外鸟类调查时,在环山路小溪流旁茂密的松树林中(117°3'18.96″E,36°16'37.41″N,海拔510 m)发现一只体长约100 mm的小型啄木鸟;同年11月,在泰安市黑龙潭山脚处的柏树林中(117°06'5.39″E,36°12'40.49″N,海拔356 m)用相机拍到了该种鸟。经鉴定,该鸟为斑姬啄木鸟Picumnus innominatus(约翰·     

湖南鱼类新纪录——灰裂腹鱼

<正>2007年9月—2014年8月,作者采用固定样点法对湖南省壶瓶山国家级自然保护区内的鱼类资源进行监测,在长江一级支流——澧水上游的渫水纸棚河段(110°33'25.1″E,30°00'50.0″N,海拔516 m)采集到裂腹鱼标本5尾,根据《中国鱼类系统检索》和《中国动物志(硬骨鱼纲鲤形目下卷)》鉴定为灰裂腹鱼Schizothorax griseus。经查阅相关文献,为湖南省新纪录。测量标本5尾,全长204~231 mm,体长162~186 mm;体长为体高的4.2~4.7倍,为头长的4.3~4.4倍,为尾柄长的     

陕西省鸟类新纪录——红颈瓣蹼鹬和尖尾滨鹬

正2012—2015年在对陕西省蒲城卤阳湖国家湿地公园(109°23'24″~109°35'09″E,34°47'41″~34°50'07″N)进行鸟类调查期间陆续发现了一些陕西省新分布鸟类,其中有2种于2014年8月23日和2015年8月11日拍摄到了清晰的照片,根据其外部形态特征,经查阅《中国鸟类野外手册》(马敬能等,2000)和《中国鸟类志》(赵正阶,2001),分别确定为红颈瓣蹼鹬Phalaropus lobatus和尖尾滨鹬Calidris acuminata。据《中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第二版)》(郑光美,2011)以及相关文献,并检索中国     

内蒙古鸟类新纪录——鸥鸽

<正>2014年12月2日,笔者在内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟额济纳旗进行全国第二次陆生野生动物资源调查期间,于达拉呼布镇东北7 km(101°11'51″E,42°06'38″N,海拔917 m)的农田发现约100只欧鸽Columba oenas正在休息;12月3日距此处北3 km左右的引水渠(101°11'23.96″E,42°06'47.50″N,海拔921 m)发现约150只欧鸽,多数个体在取食、饮水,少数在飞翔。2017年3月21日—5月30日,笔者在达来呼布镇多处(101°0'55.17″E,42°04'18.05″N;101°10'27.28″E,41°59'3.29″N;101°09'54.72″E,     

达氏科(扁形动物门,单肠目)涡虫二新种

本文记述淡水涡虫类单肠目Rhabdocoela达氏科Dalyelliidae小达氏涡虫属Microdalyellia一新种,广东小达氏涡虫Microdelyellia guangdongensis Wang et Rong,sp.nov.,模式标本由卢彦宏于2013年6月9日采自广东省深圳市石岩水库(22°40'58″N,113°53'42″E);杰氏涡虫属Gieysztoria一新种,七星岩杰氏涡虫Gieysztoria qixingyanensis Wang et Rong,sp.nov.,模式标本由刘旭坤于2014年8月6日采自广东省肇庆市七星岩风景区(23°04'32″N,112°28'46″E)。对2个涡虫新种的形态特征作了详细描述,并分别与小达氏涡虫属和杰氏涡虫属近似物种进行了比较。所有标本保存于中国科学院国家动物博物馆。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.