北京山区辽东栎（Quercus liaotungnsis）落群物种多样性的研究

根据８３块样地资料,研究了北京山区辽东栎群落的数量分类与排序及其与群落的物种多样性关系,发现ＤＣＡ排序轴的第１轴与群落的物种多样性关系密切,并证明了群落的各类生长型多样性指数应是一个整体。群落的物种丰富度和多样性指数随海拔升高总的变化趋势是上升的,但有较大的波动,而均匀度指数则呈较稳定的上升趋势。研究结果还证明了北京山区辽东栎群落不同演替阶段的多样性动态符合群落演替过程中多样性动态的一般规律。     

秦岭太白山植物群落基本类型及其物种多样性特征

根据55块样地调查资料,利用TWINSPAN分类和DCA排序及物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Alatalo均匀度指数研究了秦岭主峰太白山植物群落的基本类型及其物种多样性特征,结果证明：1)不同群落类型的垂直分布范围与DCA第一排序轴有极好的相关关系,相关系数R2>0.9;2)海拔1500～2300m一带森林维持着较高的物种多样性;3)从动态演替的角度来分析,物种多样性的动态特征与群落演替过程中物种多样性的一般动态规律相符。     

秦岭太白山弃耕地植物群落演替的生态学研究 Ⅱ演替系列的群落α多样性特征

应用物种丰富度、Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ指数、Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ－Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ指数、Ｐｉｅｌｏｕ均匀度指数、Ａｌａｔａｌｏ均匀度指数研究了太白山弃耕地植物群落次生演替过程中的群落α多样性动态特征,结果表明,群落在由一年生草本植物群落阶段向多年生草本植物群落、灌丛、混交林阶段的演替过程中,群落多样性指数逐渐上升,至混交林阶段达到最高值。若以分布在这一垂直地带的代表性森林群落锐齿栎林为演替进一步发展的方向,则由多样性指数在锐齿栎混交林、锐齿栎林阶段呈下降趋势。不同演替阶段不同生长型的多样性指数变化规律为：在演替的初期,草本层多样性指数＞灌木层＞乔木层;在混交林阶段,这３个不同生长型的多样性指数相差无几,乔木生长型稍占优势;在锐齿栎混交林和锐齿栎林阶段,灌木生长型的物种多样性最大,草本次之,乔木生长型的物种多样性则迅速降低。首次利用群落各生长型的叶层相对厚度和相对盖度作为加权参数,对群落总体的物种多样性指数进行了测度,结果表明,这种加权处理是比较合理的。     

缙云山森林次生演替序列群落的物种多样性动态

通过１９８６ 和１９９６ 年对缙云山森林次生演替系列群落的重复调查,运用构成指数对这些群落进行演替排序,研究缙云山森林次生演替过程中的物种多样性动态．结果表明,构成指数（ ＣＩ） 可适当改变空间代替时间的局限;在缙云山森林次生演替过程中,物种丰富度呈先变大后变小的趋势,物种均匀度没有明显的动态规律,这与种间（ 内） 关系密切相关,因而适当干扰有利于群落内物种多样性的增大     

东灵山辽东栎群落演替的连续时间马尔可夫过程研究

采用连续时间马尔可夫方法研究了北京东灵山辽东栎群落的演替过程,在综合考虑影响因子、物种构成和年龄分布等因素的基础上,建立了辽东栎群落演替的马尔可夫模型,模拟出了辽东栎群落演替的主要趋势。     

东灵山辽东栎群落演替的连续时间马尔可夫过程研究

采用连续时间马尔可夫方法研究了北京东灵山辽东栎群落的演替过程,在综合考虑影响因子、物种构成和年龄分布等因素的基础上,建立了辽东栎群落演替的马尔可夫模型,模拟出了辽东栎群落演替的主要趋势。     

秦岭太白山弃耕地植物群落演替的生态学研究

应用物种丰富度、Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ指数、Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ－Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ指数、Ｐｉｅｌｏｕ均匀度指数、Ａｌａｔａｌｏ均匀度指数研究了太白山弃耕地植物群落次生演替过程中的群落α多样性动态特征,结果表明,群落在由一年生草本植物群落阶段向多年生草本植物群落、灌丛、混交林阶段的演替过程中,群落多样性指数逐渐上升,至混交林阶段达到最高值。若以分布在这一垂直地带的代表性森林群落锐齿栎林为演替进一步发展的方向,则由多样     

东灵山辽东栎林木本植物多样性的研究

应用α多样性和β多样性指数对东灵山地区辽东栎林在不同样地环境梯度的物种多样性进行了初步研究。结果表明:不同样地梯度的辽东栎林乔灌木物种α多样性逐步降低,但变化幅度较小,群落物种组成趋于简单。不同样地梯度内辽东栎林乔木物种的β多样性的二元属性测度与数量数据测度结果反映出乔木物种和灌木物种对整个辽东栎林多样性的影响是不同的。数量数据β多样性测度综合地考虑了物种数与物种数量对β多样性变化的影响,适于对单优群落物种多样性进行分析。在中海拔样地梯度,辽东栎林乔灌木物种各样地对之间的β多样性数值较小,表明辽东栎林内物种替代速率较低,物种组成相对稳定,总体上是比较稳定的林型。     

秦岭南坡松栎林群落演替过程中物种组成及多样性动态分析

为揭示秦岭南坡植物群落演替与物种多样性之间的复杂关系,采用空间代替时间的方法在秦岭南坡油松林、松栎混交林和锐齿栎林群落典型分布区域设置45个样地进行了群落学调查,统计分析了油松林→松栎混交林→锐齿栎林这一演替序列过程中草、灌、乔3层的物种组成和α物种多样性动态。结果表明:(1)秦岭南坡油松林、松栎混交林和锐齿栎林3种群落共有维管植物312种,隶属于73科183属,其中草本植物136种,灌木(含木质藤本)98种,乔木78种;油松林群落包含52科117属190种,松栎混交林群落含有60科95属129种,锐齿栎林群落则为50科109属178种。(2)沿油松林→松栎混交林→锐齿栎林群落演替序列,草本层物种均匀度和物种多样性显著降低,物种丰富度呈"V"形变化趋势;灌木层物种丰富度、均匀度以及物种多样性均无显著差异;乔木层物种多样性呈明显的单峰型变化,其中松栎混交林群落物种多样性指数最高。研究表明,秦岭南坡松栎林群落物种多样性随演替进展总体上呈现单峰型变化,与中期物种多样性假说一致;物种多样性可能仅仅是群落稳定的一个基础或前提条件。     

子午岭马栏林区主要森林群落的稳定性分析

选用构成群落稳定性指标体系的10项相关指标,采用Godron稳定性测定方法、主成分分析法以及Shan-non-Weiner物种多样性指数研究了子午岭马栏林区主要森林群落的稳定性状况及其与环境和群落生态特征间的关系。结果显示:(1)群落物种的总体多样性是白桦林>天然油松林>辽东栎林;而群落稳定性则表现为辽东栎林>天然油松林>白桦林;(2)各群落中影响主成分的主要因素均包含物种多样性因子和生活史阶段因子。表明物种多样性指数虽然是群落稳定性的重要影响因子,但由于存在其它因子的相互作用,不能单纯以群落物种多样性指数判断某具体群落的稳定性,必须在此基础上结合群落优势种群的年龄结构才能比较真实地评价群落的稳定性状态。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.